• 浅谈基础算法之AVL tree和splay tree(三)


     
     
    承接上文,我们继续聊这个话题。
     
    平衡二叉树:AVL Tree(1962)
     
    上文我们只实现了单旋,但是实际中为了达到平衡很多是要做双旋操作的。
     
    先来看一张双旋后的一张图,明显右边的图查询的时候会更便捷。
     
                                        整个过程

                                        下面我们就进行代码实践。
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    
    #define max(a,b)    (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b)) 
    
    typedef struct AvlNode{
        int data;
        struct AvlNode *left_child, *right_child;
    } AvlNode;
    
    AvlNode *root;
    
    /*    旋转动作开始        */
    AvlNode *rotate_LL(AvlNode *parent){
        AvlNode *child = parent->left_child;
        parent->left_child = child->right_child;
        child->right_child = parent;
        return child;
    }
    
    AvlNode *rotate_RR(AvlNode *parent){
        AvlNode *child = parent->right_child;
        parent->right_child = child->left_child;
        child->left_child = parent;
        return child;
    }
    
    AvlNode *rotate_RL(AvlNode *parent){
        AvlNode *child = parent->right_child;
        parent->right_child = rotate_LL(child);
        return rotate_RR(parent);
    }
    
    AvlNode *rotate_LR(AvlNode *parent){
        AvlNode *child = parent->left_child;
        parent->left_child = rotate_RR(child);
        return rotate_LL(parent);
    }
    /*    旋转动作结束    */
    
    int get_height(AvlNode *node){
        int height = 0;
        if(node != NULL){
            height = 1 + max(get_height(node->left_child), get_height(node->right_child));
        }
        return height;
    }
    
    int get_balance(AvlNode *node){
        if(node == NULL) return 0;
        return get_height(node->left_child) - get_height(node->right_child);
    }
    
    /*    平衡二叉树    */
    AvlNode *balance_tree(AvlNode **node){
        int height_diff = get_balance(*node); /* 平衡因子在-1到1之间*/
    
        if(height_diff > 1){
            if(get_balance((*node)->left_child) > 0){
                *node = rotate_LL(*node);
            }else{
                *node = rotate_LR(*node);
            }
        }else if(height_diff < -1){
            if(get_balance((*node)->right_child) < 0){
                *node = rotate_RR(*node);
            }else{
                *node = rotate_RL(*node);
            }
        }
        return *node;
    }
    
    AvlNode *avl_add(AvlNode **root, int key){
        if(*root == NULL){
            *root = (AvlNode *)malloc(sizeof(AvlNode));
            if(*root == NULL){
                printf("内存分配失败!\n");
                exit(-1);
            }
    
            (*root)->data = key;
            (*root)->left_child = (*root)->right_child = NULL;
        }else if(key < (*root)->data){
            (*root)->left_child = avl_add(&((*root)->left_child), key);
            //balance_tree(root);
        }else if(key > (*root)->data){
            (*root)->right_child = avl_add(&((*root)->right_child), key);
            //balance_tree(root);
        }else{
            printf("复制%d失败!\n", key);
            exit(-1);
        }
    
        return *root;
    }
    
    AvlNode *avl_print(AvlNode *node){
        if(node == NULL) return NULL;
    
        printf("%d->", node->data);
    
        avl_print(node->left_child);
        avl_print(node->right_child);
        return node;
    }
    
    int main(){
        avl_add(&root, 24);
        avl_add(&root, 17);
        avl_add(&root, 40);
        avl_add(&root, 8);
        avl_add(&root, 22);
        avl_add(&root, 18);
        avl_add(&root, 23);
    
        printf("打印二叉树\n");
        avl_print(root);
        printf("\n");
    
        balance_tree(&root);
        printf("打印二叉树\n");
        avl_print(root);
        printf("\n");
        return 0;
    }

                                        

                                        

    让我们看看伸展树!     

    伸展树(Splay Tree,1985)
     
    伸展树的基本原理:

                                        

                                        举例

     我抽取一部分lighttpd-1.4.31.tar.gz中的代码,来讲解 

    想看具体的代码实践的,可以到如下位置观看

    我的代码结构:

     代码部分

     1> splaytree.h


    /*
    ~ splaytree.h~*/ typedef struct tree_node{ struct tree_node *left, *right; int key; /* 关键字 */ int size; /* 结点数目 */ void *data; } splay_tree; /*我现在只写这两个方法*/ splay_tree * splaytree_insert(splay_tree *t, int key, void *data); splay_tree * splaytree_splay(splay_tree *t, int key); #define node_size(x) (((x)==NULL) ? 0 : ((x)->size))

    这个没有必要多讲,看注释和方法名称自然就知道干吗的了!

    2> splaytree.c

    /* splaytree.c */
    #include "splaytree.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <assert.h> #define compare(i,j) ((i) - (j)) splay_tree * splaytree_insert(splay_tree *t, int key, void *data){ splay_tree * new; if (t != NULL) { t = splaytree_splay(t, key); if(compare(key, t->key) == 0){ /* 该结点已存在 */ return t; } } new = (splay_tree *) malloc (sizeof (splay_tree)); assert(new); if (t == NULL) { new->left = new->right = NULL; } else if (compare(key, t->key) < 0) { new->left = t->left; new->right = t; t->left = NULL; t->size = 1 + node_size(t->right); } else { new->right = t->right; new->left = t; t->right = NULL; t->size = 1 + node_size(t->left); } new->key = key; new->data = data; new->size = 1 + node_size(new->left) + node_size(new->right); return new; } splay_tree * splaytree_splay(splay_tree *t, int key){ splay_tree N, *l, *r, *child; /* 临时变量用于装配*t使用 */ int cmp, l_size, r_size; if (t == NULL) return t; N.left = N.right = NULL; l = r = &N; l_size = r_size = 0; for (;;) { cmp = compare(key, t->key); if (cmp < 0) { if(t->left == NULL) break; if (compare(key, t->left->key) < 0) { child = t->left; /* 右旋 */ t->left = child->right; child->right = t; t->size = 1 + node_size(t->left) + node_size(t->right); t = child; if(t->left == NULL) break; } r->left = t; /* 右链 */ r = t; t = t->left; r_size += 1 + node_size(r->right); } else if (cmp > 0) { if(t->right == NULL) break; if (compare(key, t->right->key) > 0) { child = t->right; t->right = child->left; child->left = t; t->size = 1 + node_size(t->left) + node_size(t->right); t = child; if(t->right == NULL) break; } l->right = t; l = t; t = t->right; l_size += 1 + node_size(l->left); } else { break; } } l_size += node_size(t->left); r_size += node_size(t->right); t->size = 1 + l_size + r_size; l->right = r->left = NULL; /* 校验size数据 */ /*右孩子的左结点不计算在内*/ for(child = N.right; child != NULL; child = child->right){ child->size = l_size; l_size -= 1 + node_size(child->left); } for(child = N.left; child != NULL; child = child->left){ child->size = r_size; r_size -= 1 +node_size(child->right); } /* 装配数据 */ l->right = t->left; r->left = t->right; t->left = N.right; t->right = N.left; return t; }

    看到上面一坨代码估计大家不知所云了?

    我就针对性的讲解一下。

      >> 重点讲讲讲核心算法splaytree_splay()方法吧!

    ############################################################################################
    这个if讲通,那么另一个else if也好理解。
    if (cmp < 0) {
                if(t->left == NULL) break;
    
                if (compare(key, t->left->key) < 0) {
                    child = t->left;                        /*  右旋    */
                    t->left = child->right;
                    child->right = t;
                    t->size = 1 + node_size(t->left) + node_size(t->right);
                    t = child;
    
                    if(t->left == NULL) break;
                }
    
                r->left = t;                                /*  右链    */
                r = t;
                t = t->left;
                r_size += 1 + node_size(r->right);
    
            }

    这是一个右旋的过程。

                                           child = t->left

                                        t->left = child->right; child->right = t;

                                        最后:t = child

                             

    这是一个右链的过程

                                        r->left = t;r=t;

                                        t = t->left

    ############################################################################################

    3>main.c

    #include <stdio.h>
    
    #include "splaytree.h"
    
    splay_tree * splaytree_print(splay_tree *t){
        if(t != NULL){
            printf("t->data:%d\t t->key:%d t->size:%d\n", *((int *)t->data), t->key, t->size);
            splaytree_print(t->left);
            splaytree_print(t->right);
        }
    }
    
    int main(){
        splay_tree *root;
        root = NULL;
    
        int data1 = 1000;
        root = splaytree_insert(root, 20, &data1);
    
        int data2 = 200;
        root = splaytree_insert(root, 5, &data2);
    
        int data3 = 300;
        root = splaytree_insert(root, 3, &data3);
    
        int data4 = 100;
        root = splaytree_insert(root, 10, &data4);
        printf("打印结果*************\n");
        splaytree_print(root);
    
    
        //这里应该有个数据查询过程,但是我没有写。注意在调用的时候调用一下splay方法,
        //那么热数据自然就跑到顶端了。
        printf("查询方法中调用这个伸展函数之后,打印结果*************\n");
        root = splaytree_splay(root, 3);
        splaytree_print(root);
        
        return 0;
    }

                                        

    这里我没有把查询伸展树的过程写下来,只是强调一下,在查询的过程中,只要调用这个核心方法,那么自然热数据就跑到顶端了。

                                        看一下过程

                                       

                                       

     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/baochuan/p/2716641.html
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