网上的资料中,守护线程的功能一般都是“只要当前JVM实例中尚存任何一个非守护线程没有结束,守护线程就全部工作;只有当最后一个非守护线程结束是,守护线程随着JVM一同结束工作,Daemon作用是为其他线程提供便利服务,守护线程最典型的应用就是GC(垃圾回收器),他就是一个很称职的守护者。”
可是,我发现真实情况却不是描述的这么回事,因为我对java也不懂,所以在此记录一下守护线程中的一些问题。
我的思路是:
在main线程中建立两个线程,一个线程A只打印一行信息就退出,它被设置成守护线程,另一个线程B通过sleep和循环来进行时间控制,让它多运行一会,他被设置成非守护线程。如果按照上面的说明,我认为线程A怎么说也要和线程B的消亡时间是一样的。实际情况却不是这样的。
下面是代码:
文件 ThreadDaemon.java
package javaStudy.threadStudy; import java.util.Date; public class ThreadDaemon { public static void main(String[] args) { // Thread.currentThread().setDaemon(true); // Thread.currentThread().start(); // 系统的main函数使用一个主线程,主线程不是守护线程,也不能被设置成守护线程 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " process begin " + (new Date()) + " " + Thread.currentThread().isDaemon() + " thread amount " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().activeCount()); showThreadName(); // 新建一个线程,并将其设置成守护线程,他的操作仅仅是打印一行信息。 Thread t = new Thread(ThreadDaemon::daemonPrint); t.setDaemon(true); t.start(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " after create thread A " + (new Date()) + " " + Thread.currentThread().isDaemon() + " thread amount " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().activeCount()); showThreadName(); // 再建立一个线程,将其设置成用户线程,即非守护线程。让他多执行一会。 try { Thread.sleep(1000 * 3); Thread thread2 = new Thread(ThreadDaemon::print); thread2.setDaemon(false); thread2.start(); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " after create thread B " + (new Date()) + " " + Thread.currentThread().isDaemon() + " thread amount " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().activeCount()); showThreadName(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Exit:" + " " + (new Date()) + " " + Thread.currentThread().isDaemon() + " thread amount " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().activeCount()); showThreadName(); // System.exit(0) 是退出jvm。如果有此代码,则子线程也会直接随着主线程而退出。如果没有此代码,jvm会在子线程结束的时候而退出。 // System.exit(0); } // 用户线程的调用 public static void print() { int counter = 1; while (counter < 5) { try { Thread.sleep(3 * 1000); // sleep for 10 seconds System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " before Counter:" + counter++ + " " + (new Date()) + " " + Thread.currentThread().isDaemon() + " thread amount " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().activeCount()); Thread.sleep(3 * 1000); // sleep for 10 seconds System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " after Counter:" + counter++ + " " + (new Date()) + " " + Thread.currentThread().isDaemon() + " thread amount " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().activeCount()); showThreadName(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } // 守护线程的调用 public static void daemonPrint() { try { Thread.sleep(6 * 1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println( Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + (new Date()) + " " + Thread.currentThread().isDaemon() + " thread amount " + Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().activeCount()); showThreadName(); } // 显示线程名称 public static void showThreadName() { ThreadGroup currentGroup = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(); int noThreads = currentGroup.activeCount(); Thread[] lstThreads = new Thread[noThreads]; currentGroup.enumerate(lstThreads); for (int i = 0; i < noThreads; i++) { System.out.println("==============="+lstThreads[i].getName() + " " + lstThreads[i].isDaemon()); } } }
以上代码,我根据程序休眠的时间,让主线程先退出,然后发现守护线程却在第二个退出的。因为他不是死循环,所以提前退出了?这么说来,如果一个线程要想是守护线程的话,他必须是死循环?也就是说,从程序表面看,守护线程一定要比用户线程存活的久一点?这么说来,将一个理论上活的更久的线程,设置成守护线程,仅仅是让它自动和用户线程一起消亡罢了。实际上,通过延长上面代码的daemonPrint()的sleep的时间,也可以验证守护线程会和用户线程一起消亡。
下面是程序的日志:
main process begin Tue Oct 16 17:17:29 CST 2018 false thread amount 1
===============main false
main after create thread A Tue Oct 16 17:17:30 CST 2018 false thread amount 2
===============main false
===============Thread-0 true
main after create thread B Tue Oct 16 17:17:33 CST 2018 false thread amount 3
===============main false
===============Thread-0 true
===============Thread-1 false
main Exit: Tue Oct 16 17:17:33 CST 2018 false thread amount 3
===============main false
===============Thread-0 true
===============Thread-1 false
Thread-0 Tue Oct 16 17:17:36 CST 2018 true thread amount 3
===============Thread-0 true // 这一行日志,说明他是守护线程,但是下面却没有了他的名字。因为他不是死循环,所以提前退出了?
===============Thread-1 false
===============DestroyJavaVM false
Thread-1 before Counter:1 Tue Oct 16 17:17:36 CST 2018 false thread amount 2
Thread-1 after Counter:2 Tue Oct 16 17:17:39 CST 2018 false thread amount 2
===============Thread-1 false
===============DestroyJavaVM false
Thread-1 before Counter:3 Tue Oct 16 17:17:42 CST 2018 false thread amount 2
Thread-1 after Counter:4 Tue Oct 16 17:17:45 CST 2018 false thread amount 2
===============Thread-1 false
===============DestroyJavaVM false
结论:代码的逻辑让守护线程提前于用户线程消亡的情况下,守护线程并不会主动延长生命和用户线程一起消亡。但是,代码的逻辑让守护线程延迟于用户线程消亡的情况下,守护线程会提前和用户线程一起消亡。这样也可以理解,毕竟CPU资源那么金贵,既然守护线程提前与用户线程消亡,那他没有必要赖着占用CPU的资源,对吧?