概括起来说,对于多线程资源共享的问题,同步机制采用了“以时间换空间”的方式,而ThreadLocal采用了“以空间换时间”的方式。前者仅提供一份变量,让不同的线程排队访问,而后者为每一个线程都提供了一份变量,因此可以同时访问而互不影响。
ThreadLocal 并不能替代同步机制,两者面向的问题领域不同。
1:同步机制是为了同步多个线程对相同资源的并发访问,是为了多个线程之间进行通信的有效方式;
2:而threadLocal是隔离多个线程的数据共享,从根本上就不在多个线程之间共享变量,这样当然不需要对多个线程进行同步了。(每个线程有单独的数据,在线程内共享,在线程外独立)
最常见的ThreadLocal使用场景为用来解决数据库连接、Session管理等
private static ThreadLocal<Connection> connectionHolder = new ThreadLocal<Connection>() { protected Connection initialValue() { return DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL); } }; public static Connection getConnection() { return connectionHolder.get(); }
入门样例,也是解决并发中日期格式化的问题
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Random; public class ThreadLocalExample implements Runnable{ // SimpleDateFormat is not thread-safe, so give one to each thread private static final ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> formatter = new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>(){ @Override protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() { return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd HHmm"); } }; public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { ThreadLocalExample obj = new ThreadLocalExample(); for(int i=0 ; i<10; i++){ Thread t = new Thread(obj, ""+i); Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000)); t.start(); } } @Override public void run() { System.out.println("Thread Name= "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" default Formatter = "+formatter.get().toPattern()); try { Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //formatter pattern is changed here by thread, but it won't reflect to other threads formatter.set(new SimpleDateFormat()); System.out.println("Thread Name= "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" formatter = "+formatter.get().toPattern()); } }
输出结果:
Thread Name= 0 default Formatter = yyyyMMdd HHmm Thread Name= 0 formatter = yy-M-d ah:mm Thread Name= 1 default Formatter = yyyyMMdd HHmm Thread Name= 2 default Formatter = yyyyMMdd HHmm Thread Name= 1 formatter = yy-M-d ah:mm Thread Name= 2 formatter = yy-M-d ah:mm Thread Name= 3 default Formatter = yyyyMMdd HHmm Thread Name= 4 default Formatter = yyyyMMdd HHmm Thread Name= 5 default Formatter = yyyyMMdd HHmm
...
参考这篇对ThreadLocal有更清晰认识,https://www.cnblogs.com/zhuimengdeyuanyuan/archive/2017/10/25/7728009.html