centos8使用timedatectl管理时间

一，centos8中默认使用chronyd来做时间服务

1,查看chronyd服务的状态

[root@blog ~]# systemctl status chronyd
● chronyd.service - NTP client/server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-01-10 10:03:49 CST; 2 months 19 days ago
     Docs: man:chronyd(8)
           man:chrony.conf(5)
 Main PID: 671 (chronyd)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 26213)
   Memory: 2.8M
   CGroup: /system.slice/chronyd.service
           └─671 /usr/sbin/chronyd

2,如果找不到chronyd服务，可以用yum安装:

[root@blog ~]# yum install chrony

3,查看chronyd服务是否设置为了自启动

[root@blog ~]# systemctl is-enabled chronyd
enabled

如果chronyd服务启动状态是disabled,用下面的命令设置为自启动

[root@blog ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chronyd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service.

[root@blog ~]# systemctl is-enabled chronyd
enabled

4,用下面的命令启动chronyd

[root@blog ~]# systemctl start chronyd 

说明：刘宏缔的架构森林是一个专注架构的博客，地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/architectforest

         对应的源码可以访问这里获取： https://github.com/liuhongdi/

 说明：作者:刘宏缔 邮箱: 371125307@qq.com

二，查看timedatectl所属的包:

[root@blog ~]# whereis timedatectl
timedatectl: /usr/bin/timedatectl /usr/share/man/man1/timedatectl.1.gz

[root@blog ~]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/timedatectl
systemd-239-13.el8_0.5.x86_64

默认情况下应该已安装到centos系统内

三，timedatectl的用法例子:

1,查看时间的配置状态

[root@blog ~]# timedatectl status
               Local time: Mon 2020-03-30 12:37:07 CST
           Universal time: Mon 2020-03-30 04:37:07 UTC
                 RTC time: Mon 2020-03-30 12:37:06
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: yes

说明：只用 timedatectl 不加后面的status效果也是一样

2,各时间项的说明：

1.Local time：电脑上的本地时间
2.Universal time：通用协调时（UTC）:
                  整个地球分为二十四时区，每个时区都有自己的本地时间。
                  在国际无线电通信场合，为了统一起见，使用一个统一的时间，
                  称为通用协调时(UTC, Universal Time Coordinated)
3.RTC time：RTC时间（实时时钟（Real-Time Clock））
            RTC(Real-Time Clock)或CMOS时间，一般在主板上靠电池供电，
            服务器断电后也会继续运行。
            仅保存日期时间数值，无法保存时区和夏令时设置
4.Time zone：时区
5. NTP service：NTP（网络时间协议{Network Time Protocol}）启用
6.System clock synchronized：NTP同步情况
7.RTC in local TZ：RTC是否使用本地时间

3，列出所有可用的时区

[root@blog ~]# timedatectl list-timezones

4,修改时区

下面的例子中，我们修改时区为美国的纽约

[root@blog ~]# date
Mon Mar 30 12:46:43 CST 2020
[root@blog ~]# timedatectl set-timezone America/New_York
[root@blog ~]# date
Mon Mar 30 00:47:01 EDT 2020
[root@blog ~]# timedatectl
               Local time: Mon 2020-03-30 00:47:14 EDT
           Universal time: Mon 2020-03-30 04:47:14 UTC
                 RTC time: Mon 2020-03-30 00:47:14
                Time zone: America/New_York (EDT, -0400)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: yes

再改回上海：

[root@blog ~]# timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
[root@blog ~]# date
Mon Mar 30 12:48:47 CST 2020
[root@blog ~]# timedatectl
               Local time: Mon 2020-03-30 12:48:49 CST
           Universal time: Mon 2020-03-30 04:48:49 UTC
                 RTC time: Mon 2020-03-30 12:48:49
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)

因为ntp是生效状态，所以修改完时区后时间立刻生效

5，设置是否启用ntp

[root@blog ~]# timedatectl set-ntp no
[root@blog ~]# timedatectl
               Local time: Mon 2020-03-30 12:51:22 CST
           Universal time: Mon 2020-03-30 04:51:22 UTC
                 RTC time: Mon 2020-03-30 12:51:22
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: inactive 

注意: NTP service: 的值变成了 inactive

而且它还把chronyd给关闭了:

[root@blog ~]# systemctl status chronyd
● chronyd.service - NTP client/server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:chronyd(8) 

再次启用ntp

[root@blog ~]# timedatectl set-ntp yes
[root@blog ~]# systemctl status chronyd 
● chronyd.service - NTP client/server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-03-30 12:51:45 CST; 2s ago
     Docs: man:chronyd(8)

...

[root@blog ~]# timedatectl
               Local time: Mon 2020-03-30 12:53:15 CST
           Universal time: Mon 2020-03-30 04:53:15 UTC
                 RTC time: Mon 2020-03-30 12:53:15
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active

这个操作有点危险，因为会把chronyd服务关闭，大家操作时要注意

说明：目前的server基本上都会连接到公网，所以建议时间同步服务一定要打开

6,不连接到公网的情况下，可以手动修改日期时间

说明； set-time该命令同时更新系统时间和硬件时钟

ntp服务(chronyd)打开的情况下，手动修改时间会提示失败

看下面的例子：

[root@blog ~]# date
Mon Mar 30 12:58:24 CST 2020
[root@blog ~]# timedatectl set-time 11:58:30
Failed to set time: NTP unit is active

我们先手动关闭chronyd服务再修改时间：

[root@blog ~]# systemctl stop chronyd
[root@blog ~]# timedatectl
               Local time: Mon 2020-03-30 13:01:26 CST
           Universal time: Mon 2020-03-30 05:01:26 UTC
                 RTC time: Mon 2020-03-30 13:01:26
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: inactive

此时timedatectl也会输出NTP service的状态为inactive

再次修改时间:

[root@blog ~]# date
Mon Mar 30 13:02:50 CST 2020
[root@blog ~]# timedatectl set-time 11:02:30
[root@blog ~]# date
Mon Mar 30 11:02:31 CST 2020
[root@blog ~]# timedatectl
               Local time: Mon 2020-03-30 11:02:36 CST
           Universal time: Mon 2020-03-30 03:02:36 UTC
                 RTC time: Mon 2020-03-30 11:02:36
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: no
              NTP service: inactive
          RTC in local TZ: yes

此时的时间修改会成功

也可以同时修改日期时间:

[root@blog ~]# date
Mon Mar 30 11:04:53 CST 2020
[root@blog ~]# timedatectl set-time '2020-03-30 12:04:30'
[root@blog ~]# date
Mon Mar 30 12:04:33 CST 2020

也可只修改日期：

[root@blog ~]# timedatectl set-time 2020-03-29
[root@blog ~]# date
Sun Mar 29 00:00:02 CST 2020

上面的修改在启动时间同步服务chronyd后会自动同步回来

[root@blog ~]# systemctl start chronyd
[root@blog ~]# date
Mon Mar 30 13:07:37 CST 2020

7,设置rtc是否使用本地时间或utc时间

[root@blog ~]# timedatectl
               Local time: Mon 2020-03-30 13:28:43 CST
           Universal time: Mon 2020-03-30 05:28:43 UTC
                 RTC time: Sun 2020-03-29 00:21:50
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: yes

Warning: The system is configured to read the RTC time in the local time zone.
         This mode cannot be fully supported. It will create various problems
         with time zone changes and daylight saving time adjustments. The RTC
         time is never updated, it relies on external facilities to maintain it.
         If at all possible, use RTC in UTC by calling
         'timedatectl set-local-rtc 0'.

注意这个末尾的warning信息，系统建议rtc使用utc时间，

所以我们应该按这个要求去做

设置rtc使用utc时间

[root@blog ~]# timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
[root@blog ~]# timedatectl
               Local time: Mon 2020-03-30 13:29:10 CST
           Universal time: Mon 2020-03-30 05:29:10 UTC
                 RTC time: Mon 2020-03-30 05:29:10
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: no

设置rtc使用本地时间

[root@blog ~]# timedatectl set-local-rtc 1
[root@blog ~]# timedatectl
               Local time: Mon 2020-03-30 13:29:25 CST
           Universal time: Mon 2020-03-30 05:29:25 UTC
                 RTC time: Mon 2020-03-30 13:29:25
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: yes

Warning: The system is configured to read the RTC time in the local time zone.
         This mode cannot be fully supported. It will create various problems
         with time zone changes and daylight saving time adjustments. The RTC
         time is never updated, it relies on external facilities to maintain it.
         If at all possible, use RTC in UTC by calling
         'timedatectl set-local-rtc 0'.

警告信息又回来了，所以建议rtc使用utc时间

四，查看centos的版本:

[root@blog ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 8.0.1905 (Core)