目录
目录 1
1. 前言 2
2. Move语意 2
3. rapidjson::Document 2
4. 内存泄漏 3
5. 成员迭代器MemberIterator 4
6. 数组迭代器ValueIterator 4
7. #include头文件 5
8. 示例1:解析一个字符串 5
9. 示例2:构造一个json并转成字符串 7
10. 示例3:修改一个已有的json字符串 8
11. 示例4:读数组 8
12. 示例5: 以Writer构造一个json,然后修改它,最后转成字符串 9
13. 示例6: 以Document构造一个json,然后修改它,最后转成字符串 10
14. 示例7: 以Document构造一个json,然后修改它,最后转成字符串 12
15. 示例8:构造空对象和数组 12
16. 示例9:删除数组元素 13
17. 示例10:不转义中文 14
18. 示例11:schema使用示例 15
19. 示例12:schema完整示例 17
20. FindMember整数值 18
21. FindMember字符串值 18
22. 遍历成员 18
23. 遍历数组1:字符串数组 19
24. 遍历数组2:一级对象数组 19
25. 遍历数组3:两级对象数组 20
26. 辅助函数1:任意类型都以字符串返回 20
27. 辅助函数2:取int32_t值 22
28. 辅助函数3:取int64_t值 22
29. 辅助函数4:取uint32_t值 23
30. 辅助函数5:取uint64_t值 23
31. 辅助函数6:对象转字符串 24
32. 辅助函数7:字符串转对象 24
33. rapidjson的“坑” 25
1. 前言
rapidjson相比jsoncpp性能高出太多,使用接口一样的简单的。官方中文帮助文档:http://rapidjson.org/zh-cn/。
2. Move语意
rapidjson的Move语意,请浏览:
http://rapidjson.org/zh-cn/md_doc_tutorial_8zh-cn.html#MoveSemantics。
示例:
rapidjson::Value a(123); rapidjson::Value b(456); b = a; // a变成Null,b变成数字123,这样的做法是基于性能考虑 |
除了上述示例的复制语句外,AddMember()和PushBack()也采用了Move语意。深复制Value:
Value v1("foo"); // Value v2(v1); // 不容许 Value v2(v1, a); // 制造一个克隆,v1不变 Document d; v2.CopyFrom(d, a); // 把整个document复制至v2,d不变 |
rapidjson为了最大化性能,大量使用了浅拷贝,使用之前一定要了解清楚。如果采用了浅拷贝,特别要注意局部对象的使用,以防止对象已被析构了,却还在被使用。
3. rapidjson::Document
特别注意rapidjson::Document可以为object、array、number、string、boolean和null中任意一种类型。只有为object时才可以调用HasMember等与object有关的方法。
#include <rapidjson/document.h> #include <rapidjson/error/en.h> #include <rapidjson/stringbuffer.h> #include <rapidjson/writer.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { std::string str; rapidjson::Document doc; doc.Parse(argv[1]); if (doc.HasParseError()) printf("parse error ");
// 注意doc可为object, array, number, string, boolean, null中任意一种类型 if (!doc.IsObject()) printf("not object "); else { printf("parse ok "); if (doc.IsNumber()) printf("%d ", doc.GetInt());
// doc为object类型时,才能调用HasMember if (doc.HasMember("x")) printf("has x "); else printf("without x "); } return 0; } |
4. 内存泄漏
两种使用,Rapidjson会产生内存泄漏:
1) 重复使用Document对象
重复使用Document可能导致内存泄漏,如下段代码即存在内存泄漏:
#include <rapidjson/document.h> int main() { rapidjson::Document doc; for (int i=0; i<1000000; ++i) { std::string a = "{"b":1" + std::to_string(i) + "}"; doc.Parse(a.c_str()); } return 0; } |
参考:https://github.com/Tencent/rapidjson/issues/1333。解决办法:
#include <rapidjson/document.h> int main() { rapidjson::Document doc; for (int i=0; i<1000000; ++i) { std::string a = "{"b":1" + std::to_string(i) + "}"; doc.Parse(a.c_str()); rapidjson::Document tmpdoc; doc.Swap(tmpdoc); } return 0; } |
2) 使用Value类型指针
把Document类型指针当Value类型指针使用,出现内存泄漏,原因是Value的析构不是虚拟的,打开-Wall编译器也不会告警。
5. 成员迭代器MemberIterator
成员迭代器rapidjson::Value::MemberIterator实际指向GenericMember:
template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator> struct GenericMember { // 成员名,只能为string值 GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> name; // 成员值,可为各类类型,如字符串、数组、子对象等 GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> value; }; typedef typename GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator>::Iterator MemberIterator; class GenericMemberIterator { typedef GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator> PlainType; typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType; typedef std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag,ValueType> BaseType; typedef GenericMemberIterator Iterator; // Pointer to (const) GenericMember typedef typename BaseType::pointer Pointer; Pointer ptr_; // raw pointer Pointer operator->() const { return ptr_; } }; |
6. 数组迭代器ValueIterator
数组迭代器ValueIterator实际为GenericValue指针:
typedef GenericValue* ValueIterator; typedef const GenericValue* ConstValueIterator; |
7. #include头文件
// 需要#include的头文件: #include <rapidjson/document.h> #include <rapidjson/error/en.h> #include <rapidjson/stringbuffer.h> #include <rapidjson/writer.h> |
其中en为english的简写,定义了取出错信息的函数GetParseError_En(errcode)。
8. 示例1:解析一个字符串
1) 运行输出结果
count=2 name=zhangsan name=wangwu |
2) 示例代码
void x1() { rapidjson::Document document; // 定义一个Document对象 std::string str = "{"count":2,"names":["zhangsan","wangwu"]}"; document.Parse(str.c_str()); // 解析,Parse()无返回值,也不会抛异常 if (document.HasParseError()) // 通过HasParseError()来判断解析是否成功 { // 可通过GetParseError()取得出错代码, // 注意GetParseError()返回的是一个rapidjson::ParseErrorCode类型的枚举值 // 使用函数rapidjson::GetParseError_En()得到错误码的字符串说明,这里的En为English简写 // 函数GetErrorOffset()返回出错发生的位置 printf("parse error: (%d:%d)%s ", document.GetParseError(), document.GetErrorOffset(), rapidjson::GetParseError_En(document.GetParseError())); } else { // 判断某成员是否存在 if (!document.HasMember("count") || !document.HasMember("names")) { printf("invalid format: %s ", str.c_str()); } else { // 如果count不存在,则运行程序会挂,DEBUG模式下直接abort rapidjson::Value& count_json = document["count"];
// 如果count不是整数类型,调用也会挂,DEBUG模式下直接abort // GetInt()返回类型为int // GetUint()返回类型为unsigned int // GetInt64()返回类型为int64_t // GetUint64()返回类型为uint64_t // GetDouble()返回类型为double // GetString()返回类型为char* // GetBool()返回类型为bool int count = count_json.GetInt(); printf("count=%d ", count);
// 方法GetType()返回枚举值: kNullType,kFalseType,kTrueType,kObjectType,kArrayType,kStringType,kNumberType // 可用IsArray()判断是否为数组,示例: { "a": [1, 2, 3, 4] } // 用IsString()判断是否为字符串值 // 用IsDouble()判断是否为double类型的值,示例: { "pi": 3.1416 } // 用IsInt()判断是否为int类型的值 // 用IsUint()判断是否为unsigned int类型的值 // 用IsInt64()判断是否为int64_t类型的值 // 用IsUint64()判断是否为uint64_t类型的值 // 用IsBool()判断是否为bool类型的值 // 用IsFalse()判断值是否为false,示例: { "t": true, "f": false } // 用IsTrue()判断值是否为true // 用IsNull()判断值是否为NULL,示例: { "n": null } // 更多说明可浏览: // https://miloyip.gitbooks.io/rapidjson/content/zh-cn/doc/tutorial.zh-cn.html const rapidjson::Value& names_json = document["names"]; for (rapidjson::SizeType i=0; i<names_json.Size(); ++i) { std::string name = names_json[i].GetString(); printf("name=%s ", name.c_str()); } } } } |
9. 示例2:构造一个json并转成字符串
1) 运行输出结果
{"count":2,"names":[{"name":"zhangsan"},{"name":"wangwu"}]} |
2) 示例代码
void x2() { rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer); writer.StartObject(); // count writer.Key("count"); writer.Int(2); // 写4字节有符号整数: Int(int32_t x) // 写4字节无符号整数: Uint(uint32_t x) // 写8字节有符号整数: Int64(int64_t x) // 写8字节无符号整数: Uint64(uint64_t x) // 写double值: Double(double x) // 写bool值: Bool(bool x) // names writer.Key("names"); writer.StartArray(); writer.StartObject(); writer.Key("name"); writer.String("zhangsan"); writer.EndObject(); writer.StartObject(); writer.Key("name"); writer.String("wangwu"); writer.EndObject(); writer.EndArray(); writer.EndObject(); // 以字符串形式打印输出 printf("%s ", buffer.GetString()); } |
10. 示例3:修改一个已有的json字符串
1) 运行输出结果
{"name":"wangwu","age":22} |
2) 示例代码
void x3() { rapidjson::Document document; std::string str = "{"name":"zhangsan","age":20}"; document.Parse(str.c_str()); rapidjson::Value& name_json = document["name"]; rapidjson::Value& age_json = document["age"]; std::string new_name = "wangwu"; int new_age = 22; // 注意第三个参数是document.GetAllocator(),相当于深拷贝,rapidjson会分配一块内存,然后复制new_name.c_str(), // 如果不指定第三个参数,则是浅拷贝,也就是rapidjson不会分配一块内存,而是直接指向new_name.c_str(),省去复制提升了性能 // 官方说明: // http://rapidjson.org/zh-cn/md_doc_tutorial_8zh-cn.html#CreateString name_json.SetString(new_name.c_str(), new_name.size(), document.GetAllocator()); age_json.SetInt(new_age); // 转成字符串输出 rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer); document.Accept(writer); printf("%s ", buffer.GetString()); } |
11. 示例4:读数组
1) 运行输出结果
zhangsan wangwu |
2) 示例代码
void x4() { rapidjson::Document document; std::string str = "{"count":2,"names":[{"name":"zhangsan"},{"name":"wangwu"}]}"; document.Parse(str.c_str()); if (document.HasParseError()) { printf("parse error: %d ", document.GetParseError()); } else { rapidjson::Value& names_json = document["names"]; for (rapidjson::SizeType i=0; i<names_json.Size(); ++i) { if (names_json[i].HasMember("name")) { rapidjson::Value& name_json = names_json[i]["name"]; printf("%s ", name_json.GetString()); } } printf(" "); } } |
12. 示例5: 以Writer构造一个json,然后修改它,最后转成字符串
1) 运行输出结果
{"count":2} {"count":8} |
2) 示例代码
void x5() { rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer1; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer1(buffer1);
writer1.StartObject(); writer1.Key("count"); writer1.Int(2); writer1.EndObject(); printf("%s ", buffer1.GetString()); // 转成Document对象 rapidjson::Document document; document.Parse(buffer1.GetString()); // 修改 rapidjson::Value& count_json = document["count"]; count_json.SetInt(8);
// 转成字符串 rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer2; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer2(buffer2); document.Accept(writer2); printf("%s ", buffer2.GetString()); } |
13. 示例6: 以Document构造一个json,然后修改它,最后转成字符串
1) 运行输出结果
{"count":3,"names":[{"id":1,"name":"zhangsan"}]} {"count":9,"names":[{"id":1,"name":"zhangsan"}]} |
2) 示例代码
void x6() { rapidjson::Document document; std::string str = "{}"; // 这个是必须的,且不能为"",否则Parse出错 document.Parse(str.c_str()); // 新增成员count // AddMember第一个参数可以为字符串常,如“str”,不能为“const char*”和“std::string”, // 如果使用“const char*”,则需要使用StringRefType转换:StringRefType(str.c_str()) document.AddMember("count", 3, document.GetAllocator()); // 新增数组成员 rapidjson::Value array(rapidjson::kArrayType); rapidjson::Value object(rapidjson::kObjectType); // 数组成员 object.AddMember("id", 1, document.GetAllocator()); object.AddMember("name", "zhangsan", document.GetAllocator());
// 如果数组添加无名字的成员,定义Value时应当改成相应的类型,如: //rapidjson::Value value(rapidjson::kStringType); //rapidjson::Value value(rapidjson::kNumberType); //rapidjson::Value value(rapidjson::kFalseType); //rapidjson::Value value(rapidjson::kTrueType); //array.PushBack(value, document.GetAllocator()); //效果将是这样:'array':[1,2,3,4,5]
// 注意下面用法编译不过: //std::string str1 = "hello"; //object.AddMember("name", str1.c_str(), document.GetAllocator()); //const char* str2 = "hello"; //object.AddMember("name", str2, document.GetAllocator()); // // 下面这样可以: //object.AddMember("name", "hello", document.GetAllocator()); //const char str3[] = "hello"; //object.AddMember("name", str3, document.GetAllocator()); // //std::string str4 = "#####"; //rapidjson::Value v(str4.c_str(), document.GetAllocator()); //obj.AddMember("x", v, document.GetAllocator()); // 上面两行也可以写在一行: //obj.AddMember("x", rapidjson::Value(str4.c_str(), document.GetAllocator()).Move(), document.GetAllocator()); // 添加到数组中 array.PushBack(object, document.GetAllocator()); // 添加到document中 document.AddMember("names", array, document.GetAllocator()); // 转成字符串输出 rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer1; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer1(buffer1); document.Accept(writer1); printf("%s ", buffer1.GetString());
// 修改值 rapidjson::Value& count_json = document["count"]; count_json.SetInt(9); // 再次输出 rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer2; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer2(buffer2); document.Accept(writer2); printf("%s ", buffer2.GetString()); } |
14. 示例7: 以Document构造一个json,然后修改它,最后转成字符串
1) 运行输出结果(不转义就输出)
x7=> {"title":"u8D2Bu56F0u5B64u513Fu52A9u517B"} |
2) 示例代码
void x7() { std::string root = "{}"; rapidjson::Document document; document.Parse(root.c_str()); std::string title = "u8D2Bu56F0u5B64u513Fu52A9u517B"; document.AddMember("title", rapidjson::Value(title.c_str(), document.GetAllocator()).Move(), document.GetAllocator()); rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer, rapidjson::Document::EncodingType, rapidjson::ASCII<> > writer(buffer); // 如果上面一句改成普通的: // rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer); // 则输出将变成: // x7=> // 贫困孤儿助养
document.Accept(writer); printf("x7=> %s ", buffer.GetString()); } |
15. 示例8:构造空对象和数组
1) 运行输出结果
{"age":{},"times":{},"names":[],"urls":[],"books":[]} {"age":6,"times":{},"names":[],"urls":[],"books":[]} |
2) 示例代码
void x8() { rapidjson::Document document; document.Parse("{}"); // 这里换成document.SetObject()也可以 // 下面为2种构造空对象的方法 document.AddMember("age", rapidjson::Value(rapidjson::kObjectType).Move(), document.GetAllocator()); document.AddMember("times", rapidjson::Value().SetObject(), document.GetAllocator()); // 下面为2种构造空数组的方法 document.AddMember("names", rapidjson::Value(rapidjson::kArrayType).Move(), document.GetAllocator()); document.AddMember("urls", rapidjson::Value(rapidjson::kArrayType).Move(), document.GetAllocator()); document.AddMember("books", rapidjson::Value().SetArray(), document.GetAllocator()); rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer1; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer1(buffer1); document.Accept(writer1); printf("%s ", buffer1.GetString()); rapidjson::Value& age = document["age"]; age.SetInt(6); rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer2; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer2(buffer2); document.Accept(writer2); printf("%s ", buffer2.GetString()); } |
16. 示例9:删除数组元素
1) 运行输出结果
{ "names": [ {"name":"zhangsan","age":100}, {"name":"wangwu","age":90}, {"name":"xiaozhang","age":20} ]} {"names":[{"name":"zhangsan","age":100},{"name":"wangwu","age":90}]} |
2) 示例代码
void x9() { std::string str = "{ "names": [ {"name":"zhangsan","age":100}, {"name":"wangwu","age":90}, {"name":"xiaozhang","age":20} ]}";
rapidjson::Document document; document.Parse(str.c_str());
rapidjson::Value& names_json = document["names"]; for (rapidjson::Value::ValueIterator iter=names_json.Begin(); iter!=names_json.End();) { std::string name = (*iter)["name"].GetString();
// 不要小张了 if (name == "xiaozhang") iter = names_json.Erase(iter); else ++iter; }
rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer); document.Accept(writer);
printf("%s ", str.c_str()); printf("%s ", buffer.GetString()); } |
17. 示例10:不转义中文
1) 运行输出结果
{"title":"贫困孤儿助养"} {"title":"u8D2Bu56F0u5B64u513Fu52A9u517B"} |
2) 示例代码
//g++ -g -o b b.cpp -I/usr/local/thirdparty/rapidjson/include #include <rapidjson/document.h> #include <rapidjson/stringbuffer.h> #include <rapidjson/writer.h> #include <string> #include <stdio.h> int main() { std::string str = "{"title":"u8d2bu56f0u5b64u513fu52a9u517b"}"; rapidjson::Document document; document.Parse(str.c_str()); if (document.HasParseError()) { printf("parse %s failed ", str.c_str()); exit(1); } rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer1; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer1(buffer1); document.Accept(writer1); printf("%s ", buffer1.GetString()); rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer2; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer, rapidjson::Document::EncodingType, rapidjson::ASCII<> > writer2(buffer2); document.Accept(writer2); printf("%s ", buffer2.GetString()); return 0; } |
18. 示例11:schema使用示例
json的schema用来检验json数据,它也采用了json格式。
1) 示例代码
rapidjson::Document schema_document; schema_document.Parse(schema.c_str()); if (!schema_document.HasParseError()) { rapidjson::Document document; document.Parse(str.c_str());
if (!document.HasParseError()) { SchemaDocument schema(schema_document); SchemaValidator validator(schema); if (!document.Accept(validator)) { // 检验出错,输出错误信息 StringBuffer sb; validator.GetInvalidSchemaPointer().StringifyUriFragment(sb);
printf("Invalid schema: %s ", sb.GetString()); printf("Invalid keyword: %s ", validator.GetInvalidSchemaKeyword());
sb.Clear(); validator.GetInvalidDocumentPointer().StringifyUriFragment(sb); printf("Invalid document: %s ", sb.GetString()); } } } |
2) 示例json
{ "id": 1, "name": "A green door", "price": 12.50, "tags": ["home", "green"] } |
3) 上段json对应的schema
{ "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#", "title": "Product", "description": "A product from Acme's catalog", "type": "object",
"properties": { "id": { "description": "The unique identifier for a product", "type": "integer" }, "name": { "description": "Name of the product", "type": "string" }, "price": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0, "exclusiveMinimum": true }, "tags": { "type": "array", "items": { "type": "string" }, "minItems": 1, "uniqueItems": true } }, "required": ["id", "name", "price"] } |
“title”和“description”是描述性的,可以不写。$schema也是可选的,依据的是《JSON Schema Draft v4》。
19. 示例12:schema完整示例
#include <rapidjson/document.h> #include <rapidjson/schema.h> #include <rapidjson/stringbuffer.h> int main() { std::string str = "{"aaa":111,"aaa":222}"; // "{"aaa":111,"a":222}" #if 0 std::string schema_str = "{"type":"object","properties":{"aaa":{"type":"integer"},"bbb":{"type":"string"}},"required":["aaa","bbb"]}"; #else std::string schema_str = "{"type":"object","properties":{"aaa":{"type":"integer"},"bbb":{"type":"integer"}},"required":["aaa","bbb"]}"; #endif printf("%s ", str.c_str()); printf("%s ", schema_str.c_str()); rapidjson::Document doc; rapidjson::Document schema_doc; schema_doc.Parse(schema_str.c_str()); doc.Parse(str.c_str()); rapidjson::SchemaDocument schema(schema_doc); rapidjson::SchemaValidator validator(schema); if (doc.Accept(validator)) { printf("data ok "); } else { rapidjson::StringBuffer sb; validator.GetInvalidSchemaPointer().StringifyUriFragment(sb); printf("Invalid schema: %s ", sb.GetString()); printf("Invalid keyword: %s ", validator.GetInvalidSchemaKeyword()); sb.Clear(); validator.GetInvalidDocumentPointer().StringifyUriFragment(sb); printf("Invalid document: %s ", sb.GetString()); } return 0; } |
20. FindMember整数值
int age; const rapidjson::Value::ConstMemberIterator iter = doc.FindMember("age"); if (iter!=doc.MemberEnd() && iter->value.IsInt()) age = iter->value.GetInt(); |
21. FindMember字符串值
std::string name; const rapidjson::Value::ConstMemberIterator iter = doc.FindMember("name"); if (iter!=doc.MemberEnd() && iter->value.IsString()) name.assign(iter->value.GetString(), iter->value.GetStringLength()); |
22. 遍历成员
rapidjson::Value value; 。。。 for (rapidjson::Value::ConstMemberIterator iter=value.MemberBegin(); iter!=value.MemberEnd(); ++iter) { const rapidjson::Value& name_json = iter->name; // 这个必是字符串 const rapidjson::Value& value_json = iter->value; // 这个可以为对象、数组等 printf("%s ", name_json.GetString()); } |
23. 遍历数组1:字符串数组
// 示例数组: // {"k":["k1","k2","k3"]} rapidjson::Document doc; doc.Parse(str.c_str()); const rapidjson::Value& k = doc["k"]; // 遍历数组 for (rapidjson::Value::ConstValueIterator v_iter=k.Begin(); v_iter!=k.End(); ++v_iter) { // k1 // k2 // k3 printf("%s ", (*v_iter).GetString()); } |
24. 遍历数组2:一级对象数组
// 数组示例: // {"h":[{"k1":"f1"},{"k2":"f2"}]} rapidjson::Document doc; doc.Parse(str.c_str()); const rapidjson::Value& h = doc["h"]; // 遍历数组 for (rapidjson::Value::ConstValueIterator v_iter=h.Begin(); v_iter!=h.End(); ++v_iter) { const rapidjson::Value& field = *v_iter; for (rapidjson::Value::ConstMemberIterator m_iter=field.MemberBegin(); m_iter!=field.MemberEnd(); ++m_iter) // kf对 { // k1 => f1 // k2 => f2 const char* key = m_iter->name.GetString(); const char* value = m_iter->value.GetString(); printf("%s => %s ", key, value); break; } } |
25. 遍历数组3:两级对象数组
// 数组示例: // {"h":[{"k1":["f1","f2"]},{"k2":["f1","f2"]}]} rapidjson::Document doc; doc.Parse(str.c_str()); const rapidjson::Value& h = doc["h"]; // 遍历第一级数组 for (rapidjson::Value::ConstValueIterator v1_iter=h.Begin(); v1_iter!=h.End(); ++v1_iter) { const rapidjson::Value& k = *v1_iter; // k1,k2,k3 // 成员遍历 for (rapidjson::Value::ConstMemberIterator m_iter=k.MemberBegin(); m_iter!=k.MemberEnd(); ++m_iter) { const char* node_name = m_iter->name.GetString(); printf("hk: %s ", node_name);
const rapidjson::Value& node = m_iter->value; // 遍历第二级数组 for (rapidjson::Value::ConstValueIterator v2_iter=node.Begin(); v2_iter!=node.End(); ++v2_iter) { const char* field = (*v2_iter).GetString(); printf("field: %s ", field); // f1,f2,f3 } } } |
26. 辅助函数1:任意类型都以字符串返回
// 如果不存在,或者为数组则返回空字符串。 std::string rapidjson_string_value(rapidjson::Value& value, const std::string& name) { if (!value.HasMember(name.c_str())) return std::string(""); const rapidjson::Value& child = value[name.c_str()]; if (child.IsString()) return child.GetString(); char str[100]; if (child.IsInt()) { snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%d", child.GetInt()); } else if (child.IsInt64()) { // 为使用PRId64,需要#include <inttypes.h>, // 同时编译时需要定义宏__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%"PRId64, child.GetInt64()); } else if (child.IsUint()) { snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%u", child.GetUint()); } else if (child.IsUint64()) { snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%"PRIu64, child.GetUint64()); } else if (child.IsDouble()) { snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%.2lf", child.GetDouble()); } else if (child.IsBool()) { if (child.IsTrue()) strcpy(str, "true"); else strcpy(str, "false"); } else { str[0] = ' '; } return str; } |
27. 辅助函数2:取int32_t值
当为int32_t值或字符串实际为int32_t值时,返回对应的int32_t值,其它情况返回0。
// 当为int32_t值,或字符串实际为int32_t值时,返回对应的int32_t值,其它情况返回0 int32_t rapidjson_int32_value(rapidjson::Value& value, const std::string& name) { if (!value.HasMember(name.c_str())) return 0; const rapidjson::Value& child = value[name.c_str()]; if (child.IsInt()) { return child.GetInt(); } else if (child.IsString()) { return atoi(child.GetString()); } return 0; } |
28. 辅助函数3:取int64_t值
当为int64_t值,或字符串实际为int64_t值时,返回对应的int64_t值,其它情况返回0。
int64_t rapidjson_int64_value(rapidjson::Value& value, const std::string& name) { if (!value.HasMember(name.c_str())) return 0; const rapidjson::Value& child = value[name.c_str()]; if (child.IsInt64()) { return child.GetInt64(); } else if (child.IsString()) { return (int64_t)atoll(child.GetString()); } return 0; } |
29. 辅助函数4:取uint32_t值
当为uin32_t值,或字符串实际为uin32_t值时,返回对应的uin32_t值,其它情况返回0。
uint32_t rapidjson_uint32_value(rapidjson::Value& value, const std::string& name) { if (!value.HasMember(name.c_str())) return 0; const rapidjson::Value& child = value[name.c_str()]; if (child.IsUint()) { return child.GetUint(); } else if (child.IsString()) { return (uint32_t)atoll(child.GetString()); } return 0; } |
30. 辅助函数5:取uint64_t值
当为uin64_t值,或字符串实际为uin64_t值时,返回对应的uin64_t值,其它情况返回0。
uint64_t rapidjson_uint64_value(rapidjson::Value& value, const std::string& name) { if (!value.HasMember(name.c_str())) return 0; const rapidjson::Value& child = value[name.c_str()]; if (child.IsUint64()) { return child.GetUint64(); } else if (child.IsString()) { return (uint64_t)atoll(child.GetString()); } return 0; } |
31. 辅助函数6:对象转字符串
std::string& to_string(const rapidjson::Value& value, std::string* str) { rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer); value.Accept(writer); str->assign(buffer.GetString(), buffer.GetSize()); return *str; } std::string to_string(const rapidjson::Value& value) { std::string str; to_string(value, &str); #if __cplusplus < 201103L return str; #else return std::move(str); #endif // __cplusplus < 201103L } |
32. 辅助函数7:字符串转对象
bool to_rapidjson(const std::string& str, rapidjson::Document* doc) { doc->Parse(str.c_str()); return !doc->HasParseError(); } void to_rapidjson(const std::string& str, rapidjson::Document& doc) { doc.Parse(str.c_str()); if (doc.HasParseError()) doc.Parse("{}"); } |
33. rapidjson的“坑”
使用不当,则会掉进“坑”里。下列代码在valgrind中运行时,会报大量错误,而且如果sub是在一个循环中被AddMember,则无法得到预期的结果。
从现象看像是sub析构后仍在被使用,为验证这个推测,改成:rapidjson::Document* sub = new rapidjson::Document;,然后再使用不但valgrind不报错,而且循环使用也没问题,那么可以肯定AddMember是浅拷贝,这样一来使用就不方便了,除非还有深拷贝的调用方式。
#include <rapidjson/schema.h> #include <rapidjson/document.h> #include <rapidjson/stringbuffer.h> #include <rapidjson/writer.h> #include <string> #include <vector> int main() { rapidjson::Document doc; doc.Parse("{}"); { // 目的是让sub在printf时已无效 rapidjson::Document sub; sub.Parse("{"name":"tom"}"); doc.AddMember("sub", sub, doc.GetAllocator()); } rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer); doc.Accept(writer); printf("%s ", buffer.GetString()); return 0; } |
上述代码在valgrind中跑,会报错大量如下这样的错误:
==30425== Invalid read of size 2 ==30425== at 0x804B008: rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<rapidjson::CrtAllocator> >::IsString() const (document.h:947) ==30425== by 0x8051632: bool rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<rapidjson::CrtAllocator> >::Accept<rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::GenericStringBuffer<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::CrtAllocator>, rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::CrtAllocator, 0u> >(rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::GenericStringBuffer<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::CrtAllocator>, rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::CrtAllocator, 0u>&) const (document.h:1769) ==30425== by 0x80488CE: main (f.cpp:30) ==30425== Address 0x428eb62 is 58 bytes inside a block of size 65,548 free'd ==30425== at 0x4023329: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:473) ==30425== by 0x804BC72: rapidjson::CrtAllocator::Free(void*) (allocators.h:79) ==30425== by 0x804BDD7: rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<rapidjson::CrtAllocator>::Clear() (allocators.h:148) ==30425== by 0x804BE2E: rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<rapidjson::CrtAllocator>::~MemoryPoolAllocator() (allocators.h:140) ==30425== by 0x804BE5F: rapidjson::GenericDocument<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<rapidjson::CrtAllocator>, rapidjson::CrtAllocator>::Destroy() (document.h:2382) ==30425== by 0x804BE7E: rapidjson::GenericDocument<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<rapidjson::CrtAllocator>, rapidjson::CrtAllocator>::~GenericDocument() (document.h:2064) |
正确可以使用的写法:
#include <rapidjson/schema.h> #include <rapidjson/document.h> #include <rapidjson/stringbuffer.h> #include <rapidjson/writer.h> #include <string> #include <vector> int main() { std::vector<rapidjson::Document*> subs; rapidjson::Document doc; doc.Parse("{}"); { // 注意,下面没有使用Document的默认构造, // 而是指定Allocator为其父的Allocator。 // 如果存在多级Document,一定要统一使用根Document的Allocator, // 原因是Allocator分配的内存会随Document析构被释放掉! // // 如果不这样做,必须保证sub的生命在doc之后才结束。 rapidjson::Document sub(&doc.GetAllocator()); sub.Parse("{"name":"tom"}"); doc.AddMember("sub", sub, doc.GetAllocator()); } rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer; rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer); doc.Accept(writer); printf("%s ", buffer.GetString()); for (std::vector<rapidjson::Document*>::size_type i=0; i<subs.size(); ++i) { rapidjson::Document *sub_ptr = subs[i]; delete sub_ptr; } subs.clear(); return 0; } |