一、STP生成树
1、介绍
2、stp的操作
3、stp基本命令
[H3C]undo stp global enable 关闭stp [H3C]stp priority 0 修改stp优先级 <H3C>display stp 查看stp基本信息 -------[CIST Global Info][Mode MSTP]------- Bridge ID : 32768.6c39-795e-0300 默认优先级（32768）+交换机mac地址 Bridge times : Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwdDelay 15s MaxHops 20 Root ID/ERPC : 32768.6c39-700e-0100, 20 RegRoot ID/IRPC : 32768.6c39-795e-0300, 0 RootPort ID : 128.2 BPDU-Protection : Disabled Bridge Config- Digest-Snooping : Disabled TC or TCN received : 10 Time since last TC : 0 days 0h:0m:43s ----[Port54(FortyGigE1/0/53)][DOWN]---- Port protocol : Enabled Port role : Disabled Port Port ID : 128.54 Port cost(Legacy) : Config=auto, Active=200000 Desg.bridge/port : 32768.6c39-795e-0300, 128.54 Port edged : Config=disabled, Active=disabled Point-to-Point : Config=auto, Active=false Transmit limit : 10 packets/hello-time TC-Restriction : Disabled Role-Restriction : Disabled <H3C>display stp brief 查看端口状态 MST ID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE root跟端口，forwarding处于转发状态 0 GigabitEthernet1/0/4 ALTE DISCARDING NONE alte备份状态，discarding处于丢弃状 0 GigabitEthernet1/0/3 DESI FORWARDING NONE desi指定端口，forwarding处于转发状态
4、交换机每隔两秒发送BPDU报文来交换优先级、mac等地址
5、BPDU封装的信息
6、端口的各个状态
7、端口状态的迁移
8、stp生成树的不足
二、RSTP快速生成树
1、RSTP介绍
2、RSTP的改进
3、RSTP基本命令
[H3C]stp mode rstp 开启rstp生成树 [H3C]display stp 查看stp生成树 -------[CIST Global Info][Mode RSTP]------- mode类型为RSTP Bridge ID : 32768.6c39-74d6-0200 Bridge times : Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwdDelay 15s MaxHops 20 Root ID/ERPC : 32768.6c39-700e-0100, 20 RegRoot ID/IRPC : 32768.6c39-74d6-0200, 0 RootPort ID : 128.2 BPDU-Protection : Disabled Bridge Config- Digest-Snooping : Disabled TC or TCN received : 2 Time since last TC : 0 days 0h:0m:32s ----[Port54(FortyGigE1/0/53)][DOWN]---- Port protocol : Enabled Port role : Disabled Port Port ID : 128.54 Port cost(Legacy) : Config=auto, Active=200000 Desg.bridge/port : 32768.6c39-74d6-0200, 128.54 Port edged : Config=disabled, Active=disabled Point-to-Point : Config=auto, Active=false Transmit limit : 10 packets/hello-time TC-Restriction : Disabled Role-Restriction : Disabled Protection type : Config=none, Active=none MST BPDU format : Config=auto, Active=802.1s [H3C]display stp brief MST ID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet1/0/4 DESI FORWARDING NONE
三、MSTP多生成树
1、介绍
2、传统生成树的问题
3、三种生成树协议的比较
4、实例配置
1）每个交换机上创建vlan 10 、vlan20
[H3C]vlan 10 [H3C]vlan 20 [sw3]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 [sw3-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]port link-type trunk 所有接口设置为trunk模式
[sw3-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port trunk permit vlan all 允许所有vlan通过
2）设置区域，给区域命名
[H3C]stp region-configuration [H3C-mst-region]region-name h3c 给区域取个名字 [H3C-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10 将vlan10划到组1 [H3C-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20 将vlan20划到组2
[H3C-mst-region]active region-configuration 激活以上配置
3）查看以上配置
[H3C-mst-region]display this # stp region-configuration region-name h3c instance 1 vlan 10 instance 2 vlan 20 active region-configuration # return
4）调整实例根桥
[sw1]stp instance 1 root primary sw1设置为组1的根桥
[sw1]stp instance 2 root secondary sw1设置组2为备份根桥（可以敲，也可以省略） [sw2]stp instance 2 root primary sw2设置为组2的根桥
5）查看sw1验证结果
[sw1]display stp brief MST ID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet1/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 1 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 对于实例1，sw1的两个接口都为指定接口 1 GigabitEthernet1/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 指定接口 2 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 2 GigabitEthernet1/0/2 ROOT FORWARDING NONE [sw2]display stp brief MST ID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet1/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 1 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 1 GigabitEthernet1/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 2 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 对于实例2，sw2的两个接口都为指定接口 2 GigabitEthernet1/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 指定接口
注意1：默认交换机运行的就是MSTP，所有的vlan都在实例0里面
注意2：默认MSTP里面每个实例单独运行的RSTP