• linux网络管理之网络参数设置


    (1)ifconfig:查询、设置网卡与IP网络等相关参数。

    (2)ifup、ifdown:启动,关闭网卡

    (3)route:查看配置路由表

    (4)ip:整合式命令,可以直接修改上述描述的参数

    1.ifconfig

    功能:手动启动、查看与修改网络接口的相关参数。

    语法:ifconfig {interface} {options}

    interface:网卡接口名称。

    options:可以使用的参数:

                up,down:启动关闭网卡

                mtu:设置不同的mtu值(注解:https://www.cnblogs.com/keystone/p/11410659.html

                netmask:子网掩码

        broadcast:广播地址

    例1:查看所有的网络接口

    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
    eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.42.180  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.42.255
            inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4f:64e7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 44964  bytes 36769279 (35.0 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 26366  bytes 3381897 (3.2 MiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
            inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
            inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
            loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
            RX packets 232  bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 232  bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

    列出eth0网卡的信息

    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0
    eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.42.180  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.42.255
            inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4f:64e7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 45056  bytes 36776524 (35.0 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 26417  bytes 3387497 (3.2 MiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

    例2:修改网口IP

    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.42.200
    
    Connection closed by foreign host.
    
    Disconnected from remote host(192.168.42.180:22) at 22:25:57.
    
    Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
    [c:~]$ ssh 192.168.42.200
    
    
    Connecting to 192.168.42.200:22...
    Connection established.
    To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
    
    WARNING! The remote SSH server rejected X11 forwarding request.
    Last login: Wed Nov 20 21:44:49 2019 from 192.168.42.1 
    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig 
    eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.42.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.42.255
            inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4f:64e7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 45320  bytes 36802465 (35.0 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 26544  bytes 3403897 (3.2 MiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
            inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
            inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
            loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
            RX packets 232  bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 232  bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.42.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.42.2 broadcast 192.168.42.255 mtu 1000
    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig 
    eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.42.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.42.255
            inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4f:64e7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 45998  bytes 36872352 (35.1 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 26965  bytes 3457938 (3.2 MiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
            inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
            inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
            loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
            RX packets 232  bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 232  bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 mtu 800
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig 
    eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 800
            inet 192.168.42.180  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.42.255
            ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 46105  bytes 36881632 (35.1 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 27012  bytes 3464246 (3.3 MiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
            inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
            inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
            loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
            RX packets 232  bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 232  bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    绑定IP
    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.42.201 [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800 inet 192.168.42.180 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255 ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 46210 bytes 36890938 (35.1 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 27071 bytes 3472671 (3.3 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800 inet 192.168.42.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255 ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback) RX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@localhost ~]# ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 800 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.42.180/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global dynamic eth0 valid_lft 1713sec preferred_lft 1713sec inet 192.168.42.200/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global secondary eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.42.201/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global secondary eth0:0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    关闭网卡
    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 down [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800 inet 192.168.42.180 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255 ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 46345 bytes 36902353 (35.1 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 27146 bytes 3486767 (3.3 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback) RX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

    以上设置都是临时生效,重启网卡后即失效

    例3:启动和关闭网卡

    [root@localhost ~]# ifup eth0
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# ifdown  eth0

    该命名实际上是执行的脚本文件,执行命令后,会到/etc/sysconfig/network-script/下找对应网口文件。若网口文件不存在,则也就使用不了此命令。

    2.route

    例4:查看路由

    [root@localhost ~]# route -n
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
    0.0.0.0         192.168.42.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
    192.168.42.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0
    Destination,Genmask:network与netmask,两个值确定了一个网络。
    Gateway:该网络是通过那个网关出去的,如果现实0.0.0.0表示该路由是直接由本机传送,也就是可以通过局域网的MAC直接发送;如果现实IP则表示路由需要经过路由(网关)的帮忙才能发送出去
    Flags:U:该路由是启动的。
    H:目标是一台主机而非网络
        G:需要通过外部的主机来传递数据包。
        R:使用动态路由时,恢复路由标志
        D:动态路由
    Iface:路由传递数据包的接口

    例5:路由的增加与删除
    在192.168.42.180节点上绑定一个10.0.0.120的地址
    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 10.0.0.120 [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 800 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.42.180/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global dynamic eth0 valid_lft 1716sec preferred_lft 1716sec inet 10.0.0.120/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global eth0:0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    在192.168.42.181上添加路由后访问
    [root@localhost ~]# route add -net 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 [root@localhost ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0 [root@localhost ~]# ping 10.0.0.120 PING 10.0.0.120 (10.0.0.120) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.0.120: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.832 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.120: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.369 ms ^C --- 10.0.0.120 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1008ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.369/0.600/0.832/0.232 ms

    [root@localhost ~]# route -n
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
    0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
    0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
    10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
    192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
    删除路由
    [root@localhost ~]# route del default gw 192.168.42.2
    [root@localhost ~]# route -n
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
    0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
    10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
    192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0

    3.ip

    语法:ip [option] [动作] [命令]

    选项与参数:

    option:设置的参数,主要有:

      -s:显示出设备的统计数据,例如:接收到数据包的总数等。

    操作:

      link:与设备相关的设置,包括MTU,MAC地址等

      addr/address:多个IP的实现

      route:与路由有关的相关设置

    3.1 关于接口设备的相关设置

    ip link可以设置与设备(device)有关的相关参数,包括MTU以及该网络接口的MAC等,当然也可以启动或关闭某一个网络接口,

    例6:显示本机所有的接口信息

    [root@localhost ~]# ip link show
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:14:b5:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    [root@localhost ~]# ip link show eth0
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:14:b5:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    [root@localhost ~]# ip -s link show eth0
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:14:b5:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast   
        27137997   24688    0       0       0       0       
        TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns 
        856945     10922    0       0       0       0 

    例7:网卡的启动与关闭

    [root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth0:0 down
    
    Connection closed by foreign host.
    
    Disconnected from remote host(192.168.42.180:22) at 23:27:50.
    
    Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

    [root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth0 up

    例8:ip命令设置mtu

    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
    eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 192.168.42.181  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.42.255
            inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe14:b5f9  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
            ether 00:0c:29:14:b5:f9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 24942  bytes 27160114 (25.9 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 11046  bytes 871704 (851.2 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
            inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
            inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
            loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
            RX packets 30  bytes 1622 (1.5 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 30  bytes 1622 (1.5 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    [root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth0 mtu 1000
    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
    eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1000
            inet 192.168.42.181  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.42.255
            ether 00:0c:29:14:b5:f9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 25015  bytes 27166560 (25.9 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 11083  bytes 876951 (856.3 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
            inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
            inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
            loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
            RX packets 30  bytes 1622 (1.5 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 30  bytes 1622 (1.5 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

    例9:修改网卡名与mac

    [root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth0 name aaa
    RTNETLINK answers: Device or resource busy
    [root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth1 down
    [root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth1 name aaa
    [root@localhost ~]# ip link show
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 800 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    3: aaa: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    [root@localhost ~]# ip link set aaa  address aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa
    [root@localhost ~]# ip link show 
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 800 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    3: aaa: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
        link/ether aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    3.2 关于额外IP的相关设定:

    主要是在设置与ip有关的各项参数,包括netmask、broadcast等。

    例10:查看ip参数

    [root@localhost ~]# ip address show
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 800 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.42.180/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global dynamic eth0
           valid_lft 1731sec preferred_lft 1731sec
    3: aaa: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000
        link/ether aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    [root@localhost ~]# ip a s
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 800 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.42.180/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global dynamic eth0
           valid_lft 1726sec preferred_lft 1726sec
    3: aaa: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000
        link/ether aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    例11:添加网络接口

    [root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 192.168.42.200/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig 
    eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 800
            inet 192.168.42.180  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.42.255
            ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 48674  bytes 37107043 (35.3 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 28250  bytes 3636665 (3.4 MiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 800
            inet 192.168.42.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
            ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
    
    lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
            inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
            inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
            loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
            RX packets 234  bytes 27309 (26.6 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 234  bytes 27309 (26.6 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

    例12:删除添加的接口

    [root@localhost ~]# ip addr del 192.168.42.200/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
    [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig 
    eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 800
            inet 192.168.42.180  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.42.255
            ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 48807  bytes 37118961 (35.3 MiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 28326  bytes 3647272 (3.4 MiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
            inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
            inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
            loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
            RX packets 234  bytes 27309 (26.6 KiB)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 234  bytes 27309 (26.6 KiB)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

    3.3关于路由的相关设定

    例13 :显示当前的路由信息

    [root@localhost ~]# ip route show
    default via 192.168.42.2 dev eth0 proto static metric 100 
    192.168.42.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.180 metric 100 

    例14:添加路由,主要是本机直接可联通的网络

    在192.168.42.180上添加10.0.0.10网口
    [root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 10.0.0.10/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0 [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800 inet 192.168.42.180 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255 ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 49183 bytes 37152239 (35.4 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 28542 bytes 3673127 (3.5 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800 inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0 ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback) RX packets 234 bytes 27309 (26.6 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 234 bytes 27309 (26.6 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

    在192.168.42.181上添加静态路由

    [root@localhost ~]# ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0
    [root@localhost ~]# ip route show
    default via 192.168.42.2 dev eth0 proto static metric 100 
    10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 scope link 
    192.168.42.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.181 metric 100
    [root@localhost ~]# ping 10.0.0.10
    PING 10.0.0.10 (10.0.0.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 10.0.0.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms
    64 bytes from 10.0.0.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
    ^C
    --- 10.0.0.10 ping statistics ---
    2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.269/0.363/0.458/0.096 ms

    例15 增加可以通往外部的路由

    [root@localhost ~]# ip route add 192.168.192.0/24 via 192.168.42.181 dev eth0
    [root@localhost ~]# route -n
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
    0.0.0.0         192.168.42.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
    192.168.42.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0
    192.168.192.0   192.168.42.181  255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth0

    例16:增加静态路由

    [root@localhost ~]# ip route add default via 192.168.42.2 dev eth0
    [root@localhost ~]# route -n
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
    0.0.0.0         192.168.42.2    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
    0.0.0.0         192.168.42.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
    192.168.42.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0
    192.168.192.0   192.168.42.181  255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth0

    例17:删除路由

    [root@localhost ~]# route -n
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
    0.0.0.0         192.168.42.2    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
    0.0.0.0         192.168.42.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
    192.168.42.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0
    192.168.192.0   192.168.42.181  255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth0
    [root@localhost ~]# ip route del 192.168.192.0/24
    [root@localhost ~]# ip route del default
    [root@localhost ~]# route -n
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
    0.0.0.0         192.168.42.2    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
    192.168.42.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/anttech/p/11902105.html
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