- 存储过程
- 是用来执行管理任务或应用复杂的业务规则,
- 存储过程中可以包含逻辑控制语句和数据操纵语句,它可以接受参数、输出参数、返回单个或多个结果集以及返回值。
- 存储过程的优点
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- 存储过程已在服务器注册
- 执行速度更快
- 允许模块化程序设计
- 提高系统安全性 减少网络流通量
- 系统存储过程
- 由系统定义,存放在master数据库中
- 系统存储过程的名称都以“sp_”开头或“xp_”开头
- 常见的系统存储过程
exec sp_databases; --查看数据库 exec sp_tables; --查看表 exec sp_columns student;--查看列 exec sp_helpIndex student;--查看索引 exec sp_helpConstraint student;--约束 exec sp_stored_procedures; exec sp_helptext 'sp_stored_procedures';--查看存储过程创建、定义语句 exec sp_rename student, stuInfo;--修改表、索引、列的名称 exec sp_renamedb myTempDB, myDB;--更改数据库名称 exec sp_defaultdb 'master', 'myDB';--更改登录名的默认数据库 exec sp_helpdb;--数据库帮助,查询数据库信息 exec sp_helpdb master;
- 扩充存储过程
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- 可以执行DOS命令下的一些的操作
- 以文本行方式返回任何输出
- 调用语法: EXEC xp_cmdshell DOS命令 [NO_OUTPUT]
- 启动方法:
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1 GO RECONFIGURE GO EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1 GO RECONFIGURE GO
- 示例:
/*创建数据库bankDB,要求保存在D:ank */ USE master GO EXEC xp_cmdshell 'mkdir d:ank', NO_OUTPUT IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysdatabases WHERE name='bankDB') DROP DATABASE bankDB GO CREATE DATABASE bankDB ( … ) GO EXEC xp_cmdshell 'dir D:ank' --查看文件
- 定义存储过程的语法
CREATE PROC[DEURE] 存储过程名 @参数1 数据类型 = 默认值 [OUTPUT], @参数2 数据类型 = 默认值 [OUTPUT], ... @参数n 数据类型 = 默认值 [OUTPUT] AS SQL语句 GO
- 调用存储过程
EXEC 过程名 [参数]
- 用户自定义存储过程
- 创建不带参数存储过程
--创建存储过程 if (exists (select * from sys.objects where name = 'proc_get_student')) drop proc proc_get_student go create proc proc_get_student as select * from student; --调用、执行存储过程 exec proc_get_student;
- 修改存储过程
--修改存储过程 alter proc proc_get_student as select * from student;
- 带参存储过程
--带参存储过程 if (object_id('proc_find_stu', 'P') is not null) drop proc proc_find_stu go create proc proc_find_stu(@startId int, @endId int) as select * from student where id between @startId and @endId go exec proc_find_stu 2, 4;
- 带通配符参数存储过程
--带通配符参数存储过程 if (object_id('proc_findStudentByName', 'P') is not null) drop proc proc_findStudentByName go create proc proc_findStudentByName(@name varchar(20) = '%j%', @nextName varchar(20) = '%') as select * from student where name like @name and name like @nextName; go exec proc_findStudentByName; exec proc_findStudentByName '%o%', 't%';
- 带输出参数存储过程
if (object_id('proc_getStudentRecord', 'P') is not null) drop proc proc_getStudentRecord go create proc proc_getStudentRecord( @id int, --默认输入参数 @name varchar(20) out, --输出参数 @age varchar(20) output--输入输出参数 ) as select @name = name, @age = age from student where id = @id and sex = @age; go -- declare @id int, @name varchar(20), @temp varchar(20); set @id = 7; set @temp = 1; exec proc_getStudentRecord @id, @name out, @temp output; select @name, @temp; print @name + '#' + @temp;
- 不缓存存储过程
--WITH RECOMPILE 不缓存 if (object_id('proc_temp', 'P') is not null) drop proc proc_temp go create proc proc_temp with recompile as select * from student; go exec proc_temp;
- 加密存储过程
--加密WITH ENCRYPTION if (object_id('proc_temp_encryption', 'P') is not null) drop proc proc_temp_encryption go create proc proc_temp_encryption with encryption as select * from student; go exec proc_temp_encryption; exec sp_helptext 'proc_temp'; exec sp_helptext 'proc_temp_encryption';
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带游标参数存储过程
if (object_id('proc_cursor', 'P') is not null) drop proc proc_cursor go create proc proc_cursor @cur cursor varying output as set @cur = cursor forward_only static for select id, name, age from student; open @cur; go --调用 declare @exec_cur cursor; declare @id int, @name varchar(20), @age int; exec proc_cursor @cur = @exec_cur output;--调用存储过程 fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age; while (@@fetch_status = 0) begin fetch next from @exec_cur into @id, @name, @age; print 'id: ' + convert(varchar, @id) + ', name: ' + @name + ', age: ' + convert(char, @age); end close @exec_cur; deallocate @exec_cur;--删除游标
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分页存储过程
---存储过程、row_number完成分页 if (object_id('pro_page', 'P') is not null) drop proc proc_cursor go create proc pro_page @startIndex int, @endIndex int as select count(*) from product ; select * from ( select row_number() over(order by pid) as rowId, * from product ) temp where temp.rowId between @startIndex and @endIndex go --drop proc pro_page exec pro_page 1, 4 -- --分页存储过程 if (object_id('pro_page', 'P') is not null) drop proc pro_stu go create procedure pro_stu( @pageIndex int, @pageSize int ) as declare @startRow int, @endRow int set @startRow = (@pageIndex - 1) * @pageSize +1 set @endRow = @startRow + @pageSize -1 select * from ( select *, row_number() over (order by id asc) as number from student ) t where t.number between @startRow and @endRow; exec pro_stu 2, 2;
- 删除存储过程
DROP PROC[EDURE] 过程名