在文本处理的工作中，统计文件的行数，单词数和字符数非常有用。而对于开发人员本身来说，统计LOC(line of code ,代码行数)是一件重要的工作。linux中有什么命令可以帮助我们做统计呢?没错，就是wc，不是厕所的意思啊，是Word Count的缩写。
当作好统计时，又需要写个开发的文档，特别是项目比较大的时候，如果将目录和文件系统以图形化的树状层次结构描述，在以后的维护过程将更加清晰明了，下面将同样将要介绍的还有tree命令.
一、wc命令详解
首先，输入man wc 查看wc 的指导手册
NAME wc - print newline, word, and byte counts for each file SYNOPSIS wc [OPTION]... [FILE]... wc [OPTION]... --files0-from=F DESCRIPTION Print newline, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. A word is a non-zero-length sequence of characters delimited by white space. The options below may be used to select which counts are printed, always in the following order: newline, word, character, byte, maximum line length. -c, --bytes print the byte counts -m, --chars print the character counts -l, --lines print the newline counts --files0-from=F read input from the files specified by NUL-terminated names in file F; If F is - then read names from standard input -L, --max-line-length print the length of the longest line -w, --words print the word counts --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit
语法：
wc [OPTION]... [FILE]... wc [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
参数－实例：
下面将通过实例介绍各参数的含义和作用：
用到的test.txt
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ cat test.txt Print newline, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. A word is a non-zero-length sequence of characters delimited by white space. The options below may be used to select which counts are printed, always in the following order: newline, word, character, byte, maximum line length.
１、-c参数，统计字节数,字符数
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ wc -c test.txt 420 test.txt
2.-l参数，统计行数
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ wc -l test.txt 4 test.txt
3.-w参数，统计单词数
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ wc -w test.txt 67 test.txt
4.-L参数，统计最长行的长度
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ wc -L test.txt 130 test.txt
5.-m参数，统计字母数
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ wc -m test.txt 420 test.txt
6.不加参数
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ wc test.txt 4 67 420 test.txt
分别表示行数，单词数，字符数
7.使用标准输入进行统计
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ echo "hi_amos" | wc -m 8
二、tree命令详解
首先，sudo apt-get install tree安装一下tree命令
下面将输入tree --help查看提示信息:
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn$ tree --help usage: tree [-adfghilnpqrstuvxACDFNS] [-H baseHREF] [-T title ] [-L level [-R]] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version] [--help] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst] [--charset charset] [--filelimit #] [<directory list>] -a All files are listed. -d List directories only. -l Follow symbolic links like directories. -f Print the full path prefix for each file. -i Don't print indentation lines. -q Print non-printable characters as '?'. -N Print non-printable characters as is. -p Print the protections for each file. -u Displays file owner or UID number. -g Displays file group owner or GID number. -s Print the size in bytes of each file. -h Print the size in a more human readable way. -D Print the date of last modification. -F Appends '/', '=', '*', or '|' as per ls -F. -v Sort files alphanumerically by version. -r Sort files in reverse alphanumeric order. -t Sort files by last modification time. -x Stay on current filesystem only. -L level Descend only level directories deep. -A Print ANSI lines graphic indentation lines. -S Print with ASCII graphics indentation lines. -n Turn colorization off always (-C overrides). -C Turn colorization on always. -P pattern List only those files that match the pattern given. -I pattern Do not list files that match the given pattern. -H baseHREF Prints out HTML format with baseHREF as top directory. -T string Replace the default HTML title and H1 header with string. -R Rerun tree when max dir level reached. -o file Output to file instead of stdout. --inodes Print inode number of each file. --device Print device ID number to which each file belongs. --noreport Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing. --nolinks Turn off hyperlinks in HTML output. --dirsfirst List directories before files. --charset X Use charset X for HTML and indentation line output. --filelimit # Do not descend dirs with more than # files in them.
语法：
tree [-adfghilnpqrstuvxACDFNS] [-H baseHREF] [-T title ] [-L level [-R]] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version] [--help] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst] [--charset charset] [--filelimit #] [<directory list>]
参数－实例：
-a 显示所有文件和目录。 -A 使用ASNI绘图字符显示树状图而非以ASCII字符组合。 -C 在文件和目录清单加上色彩，便于区分各种类型。 -d 显示目录名称而非内容。 -D 列出文件或目录的更改时间。 -f 在每个文件或目录之前，显示完整的相对路径名称。 -F 在执行文件，目录，Socket，符号连接，管道名称名称，各自加上"*","/","=","@","|"号。 -g 列出文件或目录的所属群组名称，没有对应的名称时，则显示群组识别码。 -i 不以阶梯状列出文件或目录名称。 -I 不显示符合范本样式的文件或目录名称。 -l 如遇到性质为符号连接的目录，直接列出该连接所指向的原始目录。 -n 不在文件和目录清单加上色彩。 -N 直接列出文件和目录名称，包括控制字符。 -p 列出权限标示。 -P 只显示符合范本样式的文件或目录名称。 -q 用"?"号取代控制字符，列出文件和目录名称。 -s 列出文件或目录大小。 -t 用文件和目录的更改时间排序。 -u 列出文件或目录的拥有者名称，没有对应的名称时，则显示用户识别码。 -x 将范围局限在现行的文件系统中，若指定目录下的某些子目录，其存放于另一个文件系统上，则将该子目录予以排除在寻找范围外。
１、不输入任何参数使用tree命令
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/re$ tree . ├── d1 │ └── d2 │ └── d3 │ └── a.txt ├── d2 │ └── d2 │ └── d3 │ └── a.txt ├── db │ └── dc ├── dd │ └── db ├── test.sh ├── version1.txt ├── version2.txt └── version.patch 10 directories, 6 files
２、-P参数,对样式进行筛选
如，筛选.sh结尾的文件
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/re$ tree . -P "*.sh" . ├── d1 │ └── d2 │ └── d3 ├── d2 │ └── d2 │ └── d3 ├── db │ └── dc ├── dd │ └── db └── test.sh
３、－h参数，打印出文件和目录的大小
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/re$ tree -h . ├── [4.0K] d1 │ └── [4.0K] d2 │ └── [4.0K] d3 │ └── [ 0] a.txt ├── [4.0K] d2 │ └── [4.0K] d2 │ └── [4.0K] d3 │ └── [ 6] a.txt ├── [4.0K] db │ └── [4.0K] dc ├── [4.0K] dd │ └── [4.0K] db ├── [ 0] test.sh ├── [ 51] version1.txt ├── [ 51] version2.txt └── [ 185] version.patch 10 directories, 6 files
4、-d参数，只显示目录
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/re$ tree -d . ├── d1 │ └── d2 │ └── d3 ├── d2 │ └── d2 │ └── d3 ├── db │ └── dc └── dd └── db 10 directories
５、-D参数，显示文件修改日期
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/re$ tree -D . ├── [Dec 28 1:59] d1 │ └── [Dec 28 1:59] d2 │ └── [Dec 28 2:00] d3 │ └── [Dec 28 2:00] a.txt ├── [Dec 28 2:00] d2 │ └── [Dec 28 2:00] d2 │ └── [Dec 28 2:01] d3 │ └── [Dec 28 2:01] a.txt ├── [Dec 28 2:02] db │ └── [Dec 28 2:02] dc ├── [Dec 28 2:02] dd │ └── [Dec 28 2:02] db ├── [Dec 29 3:12] test.sh ├── [Dec 28 1:54] version1.txt ├── [Dec 28 1:37] version2.txt └── [Dec 28 1:54] version.patch 10 directories, 6 files
6、-i参数，不以阶梯状显示
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/re$ tree -i . d1 d2 d3 a.txt d2 d2 d3 a.txt db dc dd db test.sh version1.txt version2.txt version.patch 10 directories, 6 files