今天开始学习Struts2，用的教材是李刚的《Struts2.1权威指南》，刚学习，就碰到了不少麻烦，特在此记录下来，以备后用。
（1）首先，去http://struts.apache.org 下载struts2的完整版，解压后有很多jar包
（2）在MyEclipse中新建一个WebProject，特别要注意，在创建新Project时，会要求你选择J2EE Specification Level，默认的是J2EE1.4，要选择Jave EE 5.0才可以
（3）导入jar包。在工程名上点右键，选择Build Path,Configure Build Path,Libraries,Add External Jars,导入必须的类库
开始时，我按照书上所述，只导入了struts2-core-2.2.1.jar,xwork-core-2.2.1.jar,ognl-3.0.jar这三个包，但部署在Tomcat上之后，网站却启动不了，Running显示false，点击Start后，提示“FAIL - Application at context path /TestStruts could not be started ”，在网上搜了下，说可能是缺少必要的类库，于是，我仿照另一个project，导入了其他几个包，重新部署后，网站便正常启动了。
Referenced Libraries里是我导入的jar包，整个工程的文档结构如下图：
（4）配置文件：struts.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.2.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="strutsqs" extends="struts-default">
<action name="login" class="com.jp.action.LoginAction">
<result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/welcome.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
web.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
login.jsp
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<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<form action="login.action" method="post">
<table align="center">
<caption>
<h3>
用户登录
</h3>
</caption>
<tr>
<td>
用户名:
<input type="text" name="username" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
密 码:
<input type="password" name="password" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td colspan="2">
<input type="submit" value="登录" />
<input type="reset" value="重置" />
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
welcome.jsp
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<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'welcome.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
欢迎，${sessionScope.user}，你已经成功登录<br>
</body>
</html>
LoginAction.java
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package com.jp.action;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
//实现了Action接口
public class LoginAction implements Action{
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String execute() throws Exception {
if (getUsername().equals("jp") && getPassword().equals("jp")) {
//通过ActionContext对象访问Web应用的HTTP Session
ActionContext.getContext().getSession().put("user", username);
//使用了Action接口中定义的SUCCESS、ERROR常量
return SUCCESS;
} else
return ERROR;
}
}