• perl 命令行小记


    整洁性

    -w 打开警告
    -Mstrict 打开严格编译指示(pragma)

    数据

    -0 (这是个零)指定输入记录分隔符
    -a 将数据分割成名为 @F 的数组
    -F 指定分割时 -a 使用的模式(请参阅 perldoc -f split)
    -i 在适当的位置编辑文件(请参阅 perldoc perlrun 以获取大量详细信息)
    -n 使用 <> 将所有 @ARGV 参数当作文件来逐个运行
    -p 和 -n 一样,但是还会打印 $_ 的内容

    执行控制

    -e 指定字符串以作为脚本(多个字符串迭加)执行
    -M 导入模块
    -I 指定目录以搜索标准位置前的模块
     
    1、查找 Artist-Album-Track#-Song.mp3 的专辑名
    > find . -name "*.mp3" | perl -pe 's/.\/\w+-(\w+)-.*/$1/' | sort | uniq  
    2、在文件中插入行号
    perl -pi -e'$_ = sprintf "%04d %s", $., $_' test
    3、代替AWK
    perl -lane 'print $F[0] + $F[-2]'
    4、打印一系列行
    # 1. just lines 15 to 17
    perl -ne 'print if 15 .. 17
    # 2. just lines NOT between line 10 and 20
    perl -ne 'print unless 10 .. 20'
    # 3. lines between START and END
    perl -ne 'print if /^START$/ .. /^END$/'
    # 4. lines NOT between START and END
    perl -ne 'print unless /^START$/ .. /^END$/'
    5、更有效地打印数字范围中的行
    # just lines 15 to 17, efficiently
    perl -ne 'print if $. >= 15; exit if $. >= 17;'
    6、进行适当的编辑
    # 1. in-place edit of *.c files changing all foo to bar
    perl -p -i.bak -e 's/\bfoo\b/bar/g' *.c

    # 2. delete first 10 lines
    perl -i.old -ne 'print unless 1 .. 10' foo.txt
    # 3. change all the isolated oldvar occurrences to newvar
    perl -i.old -pe 's{\boldvar\b}{newvar}g' *.[chy]
    # 4. increment all numbers found in these files
    perl -i.tiny -pe 's/(\d+)/ 1 + $1 /ge' file1 file2 ....
    # 5. delete all but lines between START and END
    perl -i.old -ne 'print unless /^START$/ .. /^END$/' foo.txt
    # 6. binary edit (careful!)
    perl -i.bak -pe 's/Mozilla/Slopoke/g' /usr/local/bin/netscape

    7、文件颠倒排列的变化情况

    # 1. command-line that reverses the whole input by lines
    # (printing each line in reverse order)
    perl -e 'print reverse <>' file1 file2 file3 ....
    # 2. command-line that shows each line with its characters backwards
    perl -nle 'print scalar reverse $_' file1 file2 file3 ....
    # 3. find palindromes in the /usr/dict/words dictionary file
    perl -lne '$_ = lc $_; print if $_ eq reverse' /usr/dict/words
    # 4. command-line that reverses all the bytes in a file
    perl -0777e 'print scalar reverse <>' f1 f2 f3 ...
    # 5. command-line that reverses each paragraph in the file but prints
    # them in order
    perl -00 -e 'print reverse <>' file1 file2 file3 ....

    8、用随机数重写

    # replace string XYZ with a random number less than 611 in these files

    perl -i.bak -pe "s/XYZ/int rand(611)/e" f1 f2 f3

    9、揭示几个文件的基本性质


    # 1. Run basename on contents of file
    perl -pe "s@.*/@@gio" INDEX
    # 2. Run dirname on contents of file
    perl -pe 's@^(.*/)[^/]+@$1\n@' INDEX
    # 3. Run basename on contents of file
    perl -MFile::Basename -ne 'print basename $_' INDEX
    # 4. Run dirname on contents of file
    perl -MFile::Basename -ne 'print dirname $_' INDEX

    10、移动或重命名,它们在 UNIX 中是完全相同的操作

    # 1. write command to mv dirs XYZ_asd to Asd
    # (you may have to preface each '!' with a '\' depending on your shell)
    ls | perl -pe 's!([^_]+)_(.)(.*)!mv $1_$2$3 \u$2\E$3!gio'
    # 2. Write a shell script to move input from xyz to Xyz
    ls | perl -ne 'chop; printf "mv $_ %s\n", ucfirst $_;'

    11、替换ip地址

    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
    use Regexp::Common qw/net/; # provides the regular expressions for IP matching
    my $replacement = shift @ARGV; # get the new IP address
    die "You must provide $0 with a replacement string for the IP 111.111.111.111"
    unless $replacement;
    # we require that $replacement be JUST a valid IP address
    die "Invalid IP address provided: [$replacement]"
    unless $replacement =~ m/^$RE{net}{IPv4}$/;
    # replace the string in each file
    foreach my $file ($0, qw[/etc/hosts /etc/defaultrouter /etc/ethers], @ARGV)
    {
    # note that we know $replacement is a valid IP address, so this is
    # not a dangerous invocation
    my $command = "perl -p -i.bak -e 's/111.111.111.111/$replacement/g' $file";
    print "Executing [$command]\n";
    system($command);
    }

    请阅读 Ted 编写的“功能丰富的 Perl”系列的其它有关 Perl 的文章:



    perl -lane 'print if $F[8]=~/\d+/'  

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/agostop/p/2387775.html
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