• Linux权限相关操作命令


    以下是关于创建用户,设置用户密码,以及查看文件权限,给用户设置权限的一系列操作过程。

    #查看当前用户的信息
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# id
    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
    #查看是否存在test用户,以及用户信息
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# id test
    id: test: no such user
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# id root
    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

    #创建新的用户
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# useradd test
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# id
    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# id test
    uid=1000(test) gid=1000(test) groups=1000(test)

    #将test用户添加到root组
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# gpasswd -a test root
    Adding user test to group root
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# id test
    uid=1000(test) gid=1000(test) groups=1000(test),0(root)
    #将test移出root组
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# gpasswd -d test root
    Removing user test from group root
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# id test
    uid=1000(test) gid=1000(test) groups=1000(test)

    #设置test用户的登录密码
    [root@VM_64_7_centos ~]# passwd test
    Changing password for user test.
    New password:
    Retype new password:
    passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
    [test@VM_64_7_centos tmp]$ id
    uid=1000(test) gid=1000(test) groups=1000(test)

    #切换root用户
    [test@VM_64_7_centos tmp]$ su - root
    Password:
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# id
    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]#

    #删除用户
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# userdel -r test
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# id test
    id: test: no such user

    #查看文件详细信息,包含文件操作的权限(r--r--r--)
    # r:可读(4) w:可写(2) x:可执行(1)
    # 文件权限分三组,第一组user,自身用户权限;第二组group,用户组权限;第三者others,其他用户权限
    # u:代表自身用户;g:代表用户组;o:代表其他用户;a:代表所有用户
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    -r--r--r-- 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod g+w o+x ./test.sh
    chmod: cannot access 'o+x': No such file or directory
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod g+w ./test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    -r--rw-r-- 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod u+wx ./test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    -rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod o+x ./test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    -rwxrw-r-x 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod a-rwx ./test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    ---------- 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod u+rwx ./test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    -rwx------ 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh


    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    -rwx------ 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod 000 ./test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    ---------- 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod u+001 ./test.sh
    chmod: invalid mode: 'u+001'
    Try 'chmod --help' for more information.
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod 001 ./test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    ---------x 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod 020 ./test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    -----w---- 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod 400 ./test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    -r-------- 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod 600 ./test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    -rw------- 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod 700 ./test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    -rwx------ 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# chmod 744 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]#


    #查看文件权限
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# getfacl test.sh
    # file: test.sh
    # owner: root
    # group: root
    user::rwx
    group::r-x
    other::r-x

    #设置文件权限
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# setfacl -m u:test:rwx test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# getfacl test.sh
    # file: test.sh
    # owner: root
    # group: root
    user::rwx
    user:test:rwx
    group::r-x
    mask::rwx
    other::r-x

    #删除文件权限
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# setfacl -x user:test test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# getfacl test.sh
    # file: test.sh
    # owner: root
    # group: root
    user::rwx
    group::r-x
    mask::r-x
    other::r-x

    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# ls -l
    total 8
    -rwxr-xr-x+ 1 root root 616 Dec 18 13:48 test.sh

    #清空文件权限到设置权限之前的权限状态
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# setfacl -b test.sh
    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]# getfacl test.sh
    # file: test.sh
    # owner: root
    # group: root
    user::rwx
    group::r-x
    other::r-x

    [root@VM_64_7_centos tmp]#


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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/advancing/p/8058831.html
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