• linux安装oracle


    安装包:
    linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
    linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

    1.创建运行oracle数据库的系统用户和用户组
    复制代码
    1 [cindyma@localhost ~]$ su root  #切换到root
    2 Password:
    3 [root@localhost]# groupadd oinstall  #创建用户组oinstall
    4 [root@localhost]# groupadd dba  #创建用户组dba
    5 [root@localhost]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle  #创建oracle用户,并加入到oinstall和dba用户组
    6 [root@localhost]# passwd oracle  #设置用户oracle的登陆密码,不设置密码,在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆
    7 Changing password for user oracle.
    8 New password:   # 密码
    9 BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
    10 Retype new password:   # 确认密码
    11 passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
    12 [root@localhost]# id oracle # 查看新建的oracle用户
    13 uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)
    复制代码
    2.创建oracle数据库安装目录
    复制代码
    1 [root@localhost]# cd /. #进入根目录
    2 [root@localhost]# mkdir -p /data/oracle  #oracle数据库安装目录
    3 [root@localhost]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory  #oracle数据库配置文件目录
    4 [root@localhost]# mkdir -p /data/database  #oracle数据库软件包解压目录
    5 [root@localhost]# cd /data
    6 [root@localhost data]# ls  #创建完毕检查一下(强迫症)
    7 database oracle oraInventory
    8 [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle  #设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
    9 [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
    10 [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
    11 [root@localhost data]#
    复制代码
    3.修改OS系统标识(oracle默认不支持CentOS系统安装,但是centos其实就是redhat)
    复制代码
    1 [root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version
    2 Linux version 3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Jul 4 15:04:05 UTC 2017
    3 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release
    4 CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
    5 [root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release
    6 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release
    7 redhat-7
    复制代码
    4.安装oracle数据库所需要的软件包
    1 [root@localhost data]# yum -y install binutils* compat-libcap1* compat-libstdc++* gcc* gcc-c++* glibc* glibc-devel* ksh* libaio* libaio-devel* libgcc* libstdc++* libstdc++-devel* libXi* libXtst* make* sysstat* elfutils* unixODBC*
    yum install binutils-2.* compat-libstdc++-33* elfutils-libelf-0.* elfutils-libelf-devel-* gcc-4.* gcc-c++-4.* glibc-2.* glibc-common-2.* glibc-devel-2.* glibc-headers-2.* ksh-2* libaio-0.* libaio-devel-0.* libgcc-4.* libstdc++-4.* libstdc++-devel-4.* make-3.* sysstat-7.* unixODBC-2.* unixODBC-devel-2.* pdksh*  
    centos7需要的安装包,可以在Oracle上查看:https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1085
      我的版本当然对应的是这个版本:Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
      它没有要求说要安装elfutils和unixODBC包,但是等安装Oracle检查安装前准备时,会提示说缺少这两个包,所以一并安装
      有时候使用yum安装的时候,会提示another app is currently holding the yum lock,这个时候打开另外一个terminal,在root用户下输入
      #rm -f /var/run/yum.pid
      强制关掉yum进程
    5.关闭防火墙
    service iptables stop
    6.关闭selinux(需重启生效)
    1 [root@localhost data]# vi /etc/selinux/config
    2 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/selinux/config
    /etc/selinux/config 最终文档为:
    # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
    # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
    # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
    # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
    # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
    SELINUX=disabled #此处修改为disabled
    # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
    # targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
    # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
    # mls - Multi Level Security protection.
    SELINUXTYPE=targeted
    7、修改内核参数(加入斜体部分)
    1 [root@local++host data]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
    2 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf

    # sysctl settings are defined through files in
    # /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
    #
    # Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
    # To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
    # /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
    # only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
    # name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
    #
    # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
    net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
    net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
    fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量,8G内存设置:2097152*4k/1024/1024
    kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
    kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default= 262144
    net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
    8、使配置修改内核的参数生效
    1 [root@localhost data]# sysctl -p

    net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
    net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
    sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument
    fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument
    kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量,8G内存设置:2097152*4k/1024/1024
    sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument
    kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
    sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument
    kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
    9、对oracle用户设置限制,提高软件运行性能(斜体为添加部分)
    1 [root@localhost data]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
    2 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
      在最下面部分添加内容(斜体为添加的内容)
    @student - maxlogins 4

    oracle soft nproc 2047
    oracle hard nproc 16384
    oracle soft nofile 1024
    oracle hard nofile 65536

    End offile
    10、配置用户的环境变量(斜体部分为添加代码)
    1 [root@localhost data]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
    2 [root@localhost data]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile

    # .bash_profile

    # Get the aliases and functions
    if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
    fi

    # User specific environment and startup programs

    PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

    export PATH

    export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle数据库路径
    export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle启动数据库实例名
    export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
    export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm窗口模式安装
    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系统环境变量
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系统环境变量
    export LANG=C #防止安装过程出现乱码
    export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK #设置Oracle客户端字符集,必须与Oracle安装时设置的字符集保持一致

        
      export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl (in 11.2 dbconsole, the $ORACLE_UNQNAME needs to be set rather than $ORACLE_SID)
      报错:
      ERROR:export '=' not a valid identifier
      如果你给添加语句写成这样(等号两边带空格):export LANG = C就会报错
      不能给/etc/profile文件里加空格

    11、使用户的环境变量配置立即生效
    1 [root@localhost data]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
    12.将安装包移动到/usr/local/src路径下
    复制代码
    1 [root@localhost ~]# cd /.
    2 [root@localhost /]# cd /home/anzerong/Desktop/
    3 [root@localhost Desktop]# ls
    4 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
    5 [root@localhost Desktop]# mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /usr/local/src
    6 [root@localhost Desktop]# ls
    7 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
    8 [root@localhost Desktop]# mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /usr/local/src
    复制代码
    13.重启系统,确保所有设置生效
    1 [root@localhost Desktop]# reboot
    14.从oracle用户进入/usr/local/src目录
    1 [oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src
    2 [oracle@localhost src]$ ls
    3 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
    15.解压两个软件包至/data/database/目录下
    1 [oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/  #解压
    2 (省略...)
    3 [oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/  #解压
    4 (省略...)
    16.root权限下 chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/

    17.直接使用oracle登录而不使用root再su
    18.cd /data/database/database/ ./runInstaller弹出图形化页面
    19.内存不足
    dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=800M count=2
    mkswap -f /tmp/swapfile
    vim /etc/fstab ==》/tmp/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
    swapon /tmp/swapfile
    20.pdksh-5.2.14没有安装。
    修改<unzip path>/database/stage/cvu/cv/admin 目录下的
    cvu_config文件
    将其中的
    CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL4
    改为

    CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL6
    21.安装完成
    参考:
    https://www.cnblogs.com/ArthurYu/p/13807339.html#
    https://www.cnblogs.com/muhehe/p/7816808.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Yzzzzzzzzz/p/15153953.html
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