Docker常用命令

Docker的常用命令

一、帮助命令

# 显示docker的版本信息
docker version
# 显示docker的系统信息
docker info
# 帮助命令
docker 命令 --help

帮助文档地址

二、镜像命令

1、docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@VM-0-13-centos /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
busybox       latest    491198851f0c   7 days ago      1.23MB
redis         latest    621ceef7494a   6 weeks ago     104MB
postgres      latest    acf5fb8bfd76   6 weeks ago     314MB
hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB
sentry        latest    fe6992de61df   16 months ago   869MB

REPOSITORY	TAG	IMAGE ID	CREATED	SIZE
镜像的仓库源	镜像的标签	镜像的id	镜像的创建时间	镜像的大小

# 可选项
-a, --all             # 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet           # 只显示镜像的id

2、docker search 搜索镜像

[root@VM-0-13-centos /]# docker search python
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
python                           Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec…   5893      [OK]

# 可选项
--filter=STARS=3000		# 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的


[root@VM-0-13-centos /]# docker search python --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
python    Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec…   5893      [OK]       

3、docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull [镜像:tag]
docker pull mysql
# 等价于
docker.io/library/mysql:latest

[root@VM-0-13-centos /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest		# 如果不写tag,默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists 
f6c208f3f991: Pull complete 	# 分成下载，docker images的核心 联合文件系统
88a9455a9165: Pull complete 
406c9b8427c6: Pull complete 
7c88599c0b25: Pull complete 
25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete 
43a5816f1617: Pull complete 
1a8c919e89bf: Pull complete 
9f3cf4bd1a07: Pull complete 
80539cea118d: Pull complete 
201b3cad54ce: Pull complete 
944ba37e1c06: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest	# 真实地址

# 指定版本下载
[root@VM-0-13-centos /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists 
f6c208f3f991: Already exists 
88a9455a9165: Already exists 
406c9b8427c6: Already exists 
7c88599c0b25: Already exists 
25b5c6debdaf: Already exists 
43a5816f1617: Already exists 
1831ac1245f4: Pull complete 
37677b8c1f79: Pull complete 
27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete 
7227baa8c445: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

4、docker rmi 删除镜像

# 删除指定的容器
docker rmi -f 镜像id

# 删除多个容器
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id

# 删除全部的容器
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

三、容器命令

我们有了镜像才可以创建容器

linux 下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

1、新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数
--name='NAME'	# 容器名字	用来区分容器
-d				# 后台方式运行 nohup
-it				# 使用交互的方式运行 进入容器查看内容
-p				# 指定容器的端口
	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口
	-p 容器端口
	容器端口
-P				# 随机指定端口


# 启动并进入容器
[root@VM-0-13-centos /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@0098aafe4aea /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr


# 从容器中退到主机
[root@0098aafe4aea /]# exit
exit
[root@VM-0-13-centos /]# ls
bin   data  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  dev   home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

2、列出所有运行的容器

docker ps

[root@VM-0-13-centos /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND                  CREATED        STATUS        PORTS                    NAMES
65120b757c32   sentry     "/entrypoint.sh run …"   24 hours ago   Up 24 hours   9000/tcp                 sentry-worker-1
aea0d322c056   sentry     "/entrypoint.sh run …"   24 hours ago   Up 24 hours   9000/tcp                 sentry-cron
b82b272011a7   sentry     "/entrypoint.sh run …"   24 hours ago   Up 24 hours   0.0.0.0:9001->9000/tcp   my-sentry
3042d4d03722   postgres   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   25 hours ago   Up 25 hours   5432/tcp                 sentry-postgres
b0db884b48a9   redis      "docker-entrypoint.s…"   25 hours ago   Up 25 hours   6379/tcp                 sentry-redis

-a # 列出当前正在运行的+历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号

3、退出容器

exit	# 直接停止并退出
CTRL + p + q	# 容器不停止退出

4、删除容器

# 删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm 容器id
# 删除所有的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)

docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm

5、启动和停止容器的操作

# 启动容器
docker start 容器id
# 重启容器
docker restart 容器id
# 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker stop 容器id
# 强制停止当前容器
docker kill 容器id

四、常用其他命令

1、后台启动容器

# docker run -d centos

# 问题docker ps, 发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就没有程序了

2、查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器
# 没有日志

# 自己编写一段shell脚本
"while true;do echo yiwen;sleep 1;done"


[root@VM-0-13-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
a044ede503e7   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   4 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             laughing_bell


# 显示日志
	-tf # 显示日志
	--tail number # 要显示的日志条数
docker logs -tf --tail 10 a044ede503e7

3、产看容器中的进程信息

docker top 容器

[root@VM-0-13-centos ~]# docker top a044ede503e7
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                16705               16686               0                   09:49               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo yiwen;sleep 1;done
root                17834               16705               0                   09:54               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

4、查看镜像的元数据

docker inspect 容器id

[root@VM-0-13-centos ~]# docker inspect a044ede503e7
[
    {
        "Id": "a044ede503e7bf3a7c8c9d6b505c9eaf245edc0425669b1120ffbb2a5d53a28f",
        "Created": "2021-02-27T01:49:14.353219417Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo yiwen;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 16705,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-02-27T01:49:14.744813681Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a044ede503e7bf3a7c8c9d6b505c9eaf245edc0425669b1120ffbb2a5d53a28f/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a044ede503e7bf3a7c8c9d6b505c9eaf245edc0425669b1120ffbb2a5d53a28f/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a044ede503e7bf3a7c8c9d6b505c9eaf245edc0425669b1120ffbb2a5d53a28f/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a044ede503e7bf3a7c8c9d6b505c9eaf245edc0425669b1120ffbb2a5d53a28f/a044ede503e7bf3a7c8c9d6b505c9eaf245edc0425669b1120ffbb2a5d53a28f-json.log",
        "Name": "/laughing_bell",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/35bea462dba8bfb14e3b8304ed1d14ebe31a48059c966ce18272d7500fd1b2fa-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bc4346df6b60be402228563d6b79edfd2dd0c66d71c95f1be1026f58b97ca037/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/35bea462dba8bfb14e3b8304ed1d14ebe31a48059c966ce18272d7500fd1b2fa/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/35bea462dba8bfb14e3b8304ed1d14ebe31a48059c966ce18272d7500fd1b2fa/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/35bea462dba8bfb14e3b8304ed1d14ebe31a48059c966ce18272d7500fd1b2fa/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "a044ede503e7",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo yiwen;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "32126c839d0d102b9d2d39b71d99b4689989adbefb38ab97c348af6fd6de7875",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/32126c839d0d",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "4f92a28dcf4f6ab32376bffd4aa538e162498f7e53db9c1929fd12157c344b1f",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "d7e8bef533e4cf816c5d821c286028783a7f00436bc8414218f3d10272659257",
                    "EndpointID": "4f92a28dcf4f6ab32376bffd4aa538e162498f7e53db9c1929fd12157c344b1f",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

5、进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们容器通常都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

[root@VM-0-13-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
a044ede503e7   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   10 minutes ago   Up 10 minutes             laughing_bell
[root@VM-0-13-centos ~]# docker exec -it a044ede503e7 /bin/bash
[root@a044ede503e7 /]#ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 01:49 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo yiwen;sleep 1;done
root       675     0  0 02:00 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root       851     1  0 02:03 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bi
root       852   675  0 02:03 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 执行当前的代码


exec	# 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
attach	# 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

6、从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 主机路径

[root@VM-0-13-centos home]# ls
404  MxShop  yiwen  yiwencc.py  zhuye

# 进入docker容器内部
[root@VM-0-13-centos home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
7f1a063eb2d6   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             frosty_mclaren
[root@VM-0-13-centos home]# docker attach 7f1a063eb2d6

# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@7f1a063eb2d6 /]# cd /home/
[root@7f1a063eb2d6 home]# ls
[root@7f1a063eb2d6 home]# touch test.py
[root@7f1a063eb2d6 home]# ls
test.py
[root@7f1a063eb2d6 home]# exit
exit

# 经文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@VM-0-13-centos home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
7f1a063eb2d6   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Exited (0) 8 seconds ago             frosty_mclaren
[root@VM-0-13-centos home]# docker cp 7f1a063eb2d6:/home/test.py /home
[root@VM-0-13-centos home]# ls
404  MxShop  test.py  yiwen  yiwencc.py  zhuye

# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现

五、练习

docker安装nginx

1、搜索镜像

docker search nginx

[root@VM-0-13-centos home]# docker search nginx
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        14490     [OK]       
jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1971                 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   809                  [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager           Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho…   152                  
linuxserver/nginx                  An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   141                  
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp                Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp…   115                  [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager        Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager        96                   [OK]
bitnami/nginx                      Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      94                   [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp                    NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou…   89                   [OK]
nginxdemos/hello                   NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co…   66                   [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress                NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes         48                   
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine        PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al…   46                   [OK]
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged        Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles                  31                   
staticfloat/nginx-certbot          Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo…   19                   [OK]
schmunk42/nginx-redirect           A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra…   19                   [OK]
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter    NGINX Prometheus Exporter                       16                   
centos/nginx-112-centos7           Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building …   15                   
centos/nginx-18-centos7            Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n…   13                   
bitwarden/nginx                    The Bitwarden nginx web server acting as a r…   9                    
flashspys/nginx-static             Super Lightweight Nginx Image                   9                    [OK]
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller   Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Contr…   8                    [OK]
mailu/nginx                        Mailu nginx frontend                            8                    [OK]
navidonskis/nginx-php5.6           Docker nginx + php5.6 on Ubuntu                 7                    [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb    An APB to deploy NGINX                          2                    [OK]
wodby/nginx                        Generic nginx                                   1                    [OK]

2、下载镜像

docker pull nginx

[root@VM-0-13-centos home]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
Digest: sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa
Status: Image is up to date for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

3、启动镜像

docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 9000:80 nginx

[root@VM-0-13-centos home]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 9000:80 nginx
e3121d70cf04e5bf5dc5f325a2b6f92374421e03ef5e29b1e4f70fb41c4634a5
[root@VM-0-13-centos home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                  NAMES
e3121d70cf04   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds   0.0.0.0:9000->80/tcp   nginx01
[root@VM-0-13-centos home]# curl localhost:9000
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
         35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

4、外部访问

六、可视化

1、portainer

docker run -d -p 9000:9000 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer

2、Rancher

3、什么是portainer

Docker图形化界面管理工具！提供一个后台面板供我们操作

4、效果