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序列化模块 (非常非常重要)
序列化:将一个数据结构(list,dict....)转化成一个特殊的序列(特殊的字符串)的过程.
# l1 = [1, 2, 3] # ret = str(l1) # print(ret,type(ret)) # print(eval(ret)) # 不让用 # 文件存取时,遇到的矛盾. # dic ={'username': '太白', 'password': 123} # dic = {1: {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False}, # 2:{'username': 'alex', 'password': 123,'status': False} # } # 这个字典能放在全局么? # with open('register.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='w') as f1: # f1.write(str(dic)) # with open('register',encoding='utf-8') as f1: # ret = f1.read() # print(ret,type(ret)) # # # 数据结构 --- > str() 存储在文件, 读取出来时,反转不回去. # # 网络传输. # l1 = [i for i in range(100000)] # # 凡是数据通过网络传出去最终的格式必须bytes # s1 = str(l1) # b1 = s1.encode('utf-8') # print(b1) # b1可以发送出去 # # s2 = b1.decode('utf-8') # print(s2,type(s2)) # s2 转化不成列表了. # 我们现在要解决的问题: 如果有一种特殊的字符串,这个字符串可以与任何的数据结构互相转换.序列化模块分类:
# 序列化模块: 将一中数据结构转化成特殊的序列(特殊的字符串,bytes)并且还可以反转回去. # json模块: 是所有语言公认的一种序列.最最常用的 #所以支持的python数据结构有限: int str bool dict list(tuple),None,float # None ---> Null ----> NUll # dict ---> # pickle模块: 只能python语言中使用的,序列化模块: # 支持python所有的数据类型以及对象. # shevle模块(不讲): 课下了解(只能是文件存取).json序列化:
两对四个方法:
dumps,loads 主要用于网络传输,可以用于文件的存取.
import json # dumps,loads 主要用于网络传输,可以用于文件的存取. # dic = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False} # ret = json.dumps(dic) # # print(ret,type(ret)) # ret_dict = json.loads(ret) # print(ret_dict) # 特殊的参数 # dic = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False} # # print(dic) # ret = json.dumps(dic,ensure_ascii=False,sort_keys=True) # print(ret,type(ret)) # import json # dic = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False} # s_dict = json.dumps(dic) # with open('jsonlx.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='w') as f1: # f1.write(s_dict) # # with open('jsonlx.json',encoding='utf-8') as f2: # content = f2.read() # print(json.loads(content))多个数据如何存储到一个文件中?
# 错误演示: # import json # dic1 = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False} # dic2 = {'username': 'alex', 'password': 123,'status': False} # dic3 = {'username': 'ly', 'password': 123,'status': False} # with open('jsonmore.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='a') as f1: # # f1.write(json.dumps(dic1)) # # f1.write(json.dumps(dic2)) # # f1.write(json.dumps(dic3)) # f1.write(f'{json.dumps(dic1)}{json.dumps(dic2)}{json.dumps(dic3)}') # # with open('jsonmore.json',encoding='utf-8') as f1: # ret = json.loads(f1.read()) # print(ret) # 正确做法: import json # dic1 = {'username': '太白', 'password': 123,'status': False} # dic2 = {'username': 'alex', 'password': 123,'status': False} # dic3 = {'username': 'ly', 'password': 123,'status': False} # with open('jsonmore.json',encoding='utf-8',mode='a') as f1: # f1.write(f'{json.dumps(dic1)} {json.dumps(dic2)} {json.dumps(dic3)}') # with open('jsonmore.json',encoding='utf-8') as f1: # for line in f1: # ret = json.loads(line) # print(ret,type(ret))pickle序列化:
dumps,loads 只能是网络传输
import pickle # dumps,loads 只能是网络传输 # l1 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑', 666] # ret = pickle.dumps(l1) # # print(ret) # # l2 = pickle.loads(ret) # print(l2,type(l2))dump load 数据结构存取文件.
import pickle # l1 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑', 666] # with open('pickle练习.pickle',mode='wb') as f1: # pickle.dump(l1,f1) # with open('pickle练习.pickle', mode='rb') as f1: # ret = pickle.load(f1) # print(ret,type(ret)) # 多个数据写入文件 l1 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑1', 666] l2 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑2', 666] l3 = ['wusir', '太白', '小黑3', 666] # with open('pickle练习1.pickle',mode='wb') as f1: # # pickle.dump(l1,f1) # # pickle.dump(l2,f1) # # pickle.dump(l3,f1) # # with open('pickle练习1.pickle', mode='rb') as f1: # ret1 = pickle.load(f1) # ret2 = pickle.load(f1) # ret3 = pickle.load(f1) # print(ret1,ret2,ret3) -
os模块
# 目录: 文件夹. # 工作目录,当前目录,父级目录: day17 import os # print(os.getcwd()) # D:s23day17 绝对路径 *** # os.chdir(r'D:s23day9') # print(os.getcwd()) # print(os.curdir) # print(os.pardir) # 和文件夹相关 *** import os # os.makedirs('dirname1/dirname2/dirname3/dirname4') # 多级目录 # os.removedirs('dirname1/dirname2/dirname3/dirname4') # 截止到有文件的那层 # os.mkdir(r'd:abc') # 单级目录 # os.rmdir('abc') # print(os.listdir(r'D:s23day15')) # # os.remove() 删除一个文件 *** # os.rename("oldname","newname") 重命名文件/目录 *** # print(os.stat(r'D:s23day17 1 昨日内容回顾.py')) # path 和路径相关 *** # print(os.path.abspath('04 os模块.py')) # D:s23day17 1 昨日内容回顾.py # print(os.path.split(os.path.abspath('01 昨日内容回顾.py'))) # ('D:\s23\day17', '01 昨日内容回顾.py') # print(os.path.dirname(r'D:s23day9 1 初始函数.py')) # 获取父级目录 # print(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('01 昨日内容回顾.py'))) # print(__file__) # 动态获取当前文件的绝对路径 # 获取当前文件的爷爷级的目录 # print(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))) # print(os.path.basename(r'D:s23day9 1 初始函数.py')) # 获取文件名 # print(os.path.exists(r'D:s23day9 2 初始函数.py')) # 判断是否是绝对路径 # print(os.path.isabs(r'D:s23day9 1 初始函数.py')) # print(os.path.isabs(r'day17/01 昨日内容回顾.py')) # 判断该路径是否是一个文件路径 # print(os.path.isfile(r'D:s23day9 1 初始函数.py')) # print(os.path.isfile(r'D:s23day9')) # print(os.path.isdir(r'D:s23day17dirname1dirname2')) # print(os.path.exists(r'D:s23day17dirname1dirname2')) # 判断是否是一个目录(文件夹) # print(os.path.isdir(r'D:s23day17 2 序列化模块.py')) # D:s23day16评论文章 # path = os.path.join('D:','s23','day20','随便') # print(path) # par_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__) # print(par_dir) # D:/s23/day17 # path = r'D:s23day17dblydata' # path = par_dir + 'db' +'lydata' # path = os.path.join(par_dir,'db','lydata') # with open(path,encoding='utf-8',mode='a') as f1: # f1.write('李业在红浪漫消费998元') # print(os.path.getatime('D:s23day17dblydata')) # print(os.path.getmtime('D:s23day17dblydata')) # print(os.path.getsize('D:s23day17dblydata')) # print(os.stat(r'D:s23day17 1 昨日内容回顾.py')) -
sys模块
import sys # sys.path *** # print(sys.version) # 版本 # for i in range(3): # print(i) # # exit() # 强制退出 # # quit() # for i in range(5): # print(i) # print(sys.platform) -
hashlib模块
加密模块, 摘要算法,散列算法,等等.它是一堆加密算法的集合.
liye|zmdsb
太白|123
明文形式存储的,带来安全隐患.
hashlib如何加密?
- 将一个bytes类型的数据 通过hashlib进行加密返回 一个等长度的16进制数字.
- 过程不可逆.
- 相同的bytes类型的数据通过相同的加密方法得到的数字绝对相同.
- 不相同的bytes类型的数据通过相同的加密方法得到的数字绝对不相同.
撞库: 111111, 123456, 000000,19980123,
{'202cb962ac59075b964b07152d234b70': 123456}
hashlib 的用途:
- 密码加密.
- 文件一致性校验.
密码加密:
# 密码加密 # md5 # ret = hashlib.md5() # ret.update('123'.encode('utf-8')) # s = ret.hexdigest() # print(s,type(s)) # ret = hashlib.md5() # ret.update('123'.encode('utf-8')) # s = ret.hexdigest() # print(s,type(s)) # # ret = hashlib.md5() # ret.update('223'.encode('utf-8')) # s = ret.hexdigest() # print(s,type(s)) # ret = hashlib.md5() # ret.update('22fdslkafjdsklfdsjalfaklfjdslkfjdslkfjdsalf;dsajkfldsjf3'.encode('utf-8')) # s = ret.hexdigest() # print(s,type(s)) # 撞库 # ret = hashlib.md5() # ret.update('123456*@qwe'.encode('utf-8')) # s = ret.hexdigest() # print(s,type(s)) # 加固定盐 # ret = hashlib.md5('xxx教育'.encode('utf-8')) # ret.update('123456'.encode('utf-8')) # s = ret.hexdigest() # print(s,type(s)) # 加动态的盐 # username = input('输入用户名:').strip() # password = input('输入密码').strip() # ret = hashlib.md5(username[::2].encode('utf-8')) # ret.update(password.encode('utf-8')) # s = ret.hexdigest() # print(s) # sha系列: 安全系数高,耗时高. # 加盐,加动态盐 # ret = hashlib.sha512() # ret.update('123456fdklsajflsdfjsdlkafjafkl'.encode('utf-8')) # s = ret.hexdigest() # print(s,type(s)) #文件的一致性校验:
# low版 # import hashlib # ret = hashlib.md5() # with open('MD5文件校验',mode='rb') as f1: # content = f1.read() # ret.update(content) # print(ret.hexdigest()) # # ret = hashlib.md5() # with open('MD5文件校验1',mode='rb') as f1: # content = f1.read() # ret.update(content) # print(ret.hexdigest()) # ret = hashlib.md5() # with open(r'D:s23day17python-3.7.4rc1-embed-win32.zip',mode='rb') as f1: # content = f1.read() # ret.update(content) # print(ret.hexdigest()) # d9c18c989c474c7629121c9d59cc429e # d9c18c989c474c7629121c9d59cc429e # 分步update # s1 = '老男孩教育 最好的python 讲师 是 太白' # # # 1 # ret = hashlib.md5() # ret.update(s1.encode('utf-8')) # print(ret.hexdigest()) # # # # 2 # ret = hashlib.md5() # ret.update('老男孩教育'.encode('utf-8')) # ret.update(' 最好的python'.encode('utf-8')) # ret.update(' 讲师 是'.encode('utf-8')) # ret.update(' 太白'.encode('utf-8')) # print(ret.hexdigest()) # 90c56d265a363292ec70c7074798c913 # 高达上版 import hashlib def md5_file(path): ret = hashlib.md5() with open(path,mode='rb') as f1: while 1: content = f1.read(1024) if content: ret.update(content) else: return ret.hexdigest() print(md5_file(r'D:s23day17python-3.7.4rc1-embed-win32.zip'))