• 容器数据类型内置方法


    列表数据类型内置方法

    1. 作用

      描述多个值,比如爱好

    2. 定义方式

      hobby_list = ['play', 'swimming', 'dancing', '666']

    3. 内置方法

      优先掌握

      1. 索引取值

           1. hobby_list = ['play', 'swimming', 'dancing', '666']
        
          print(1, hobby_list[-1])
          hobby_list[-1] = '233'  # 索引修改
          print(2, hobby_list[-1])
        
      2. 切片

         print(hobby_list[:])  # ['play', 'swimming', 'dancing', '666']
         print(hobby_list[::-1])  # 从右到左  # ['666', 'dancing', 'swimming', 'play']
        
      3. 长度

        print(len(hobby_list))
        
      4. in/not in

        hobby_list = ['play', 'swimming', 'dancing', '666']
        print('play' in hobby_list)  # True
        
      5. for 循环

        for hobby in hobby_list:
            print(hobby)
        
      6. del删除

        del hobby_list[-1]
        print(hobby_list)
        
      7. append() # 追加

        hobby_list = ['play', 'swimming', 'dancing', '666']
        hobby_list.append('dapao-->piao')
        print(hobby_list)
        

    需要掌握

    1. count 计数

         hobby_list = ['play', 'swimming', 'dancing', '666', 666, '666']
         print(hobby_list.count('666'))  
         
      
    2. extend 扩展列表

       hobby_list.extend([1, 2, 3, 4])  
       print(hobby_list)
    
    1. clear 清除
       hobby_list.clear()  
       print(hobby_list)
    
    1. copy 复制列表
       hobby_list2 = hobby_list.copy() 
           hobby_list[-1] = '233'
       print(hobby_list)
       print(hobby_list2)
    
    1. pop 删除,默认删除最后一个
       hobby_list.pop()  
       print(hobby_list)
       
       hobby_list = ['play', 'swimming', 'dancing', 'play', '666', 666, '666']
       print(hobby_list.index('play'))  # 索引
       print(hobby_list.index('play', 2, 4))  # 索引2-4内有没有该值
       
    
    1. insert 插入

      hobby_list.insert(0, '1')  
      print(hobby_list)
      
    2. remove 移除

      hobby_list.remove('1')
      print(hobby_list)
      
    3. reverse 反转

    hobby_list.reverse()
    print(hobby_list)
    
    hobby_list = [1,2,434,5435,0,2304]
       
    hobby_list = [['nick', 1000], ['jason', 500000], ['sean', 2000], ['tank', 10000]]
       
       
    def func(i):  # ['nick', 1000]
         return i[1]  # 1000,500000,2000,10000
       
    hobby_list.sort(key=func)  
    hobby_list.sort(key=lambda i: i[1], reverse=True)  #print(hobby_list)
    
    1. 存一个值还是多个值

      多个值

    2. 有序or无序

      有序

    3. 可变or不可变(重点)

      可变

    元组数据类型内置方法

    1. 定义方式
      列表的中括号改成小括号

      lis = [1,2,3,4]
      tup = (1,2,3,4)
      

      元祖和列表一模一样,但是元祖无法修改,元祖在定义那一刻他的元素个数以及元素的值全部固定了

      print(tup[1])
      
      lis[1] = 5
      print(lis)
      tup[1] = 5
      print(tup)
      
      lis.append(5)
      print(lis)
      tup.
      

      早期永远一般用于减小内存占用,现在毫无用处,以后只要定义列表就行了

      tup = (1,2,3,4)
      tup = tuple('lksjdkflj')
      print(tup.index(1))
      
      print(tup.count(1))
      
      1. 存一个值还是多个值
        多个值
      2. 有序or无序
        有序
      3. 可变or不可变(重点)
        压根没有这一说

    字典数据类型内置方法

    1.用途:存多个值,但每一个值都有一个key与之对应,key对值有描述功能。多用于存的值表示的是不同的状态时,例如存的值有姓名、年龄、身高、体重、爱好。

    2.定义:{}内用逗号分隔开多个元素,每一个元素都是key:value的形式,value可以是任意数据类型,而key通常应该是字符串类型,但是key必须为不可变类型。

    dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}  # dic = dict({'a':1,'b':2})
    
    print(f"dic: {dic}")
    dic: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    dic = dict(a=1, b=2, c=3)
    
    print(f"dic: {dic}")
    dic: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
    dic = {1: 'a', 0: 'b'}
    
    print(f"dic[0]: {dic[0]}")  # 无法区分dic是列表,还是字典,并且key不再具有描述信息
    dic[0]: b
    dic = {[1,2]: 'a', 0: 'b'}  # 报错
    

    3.常用操作+内置方法:常用操作和内置方法分为优先掌握(今天必须得记住)、需要掌握(一周内记住)两个部分。

    1.1 优先掌握(***)

    1. 按key存取值:可存可取
    2. 长度len
    3. 成员运算in和not in
    4. 删除del
    5. 键keys()、值values()、键值对items()
    6. 循环

    1.按key存取值:可存可取

    # dic之按key存取值
    dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    
    print(f"first dic['a']: {dic['a']}")
    
    dic['a'] = 3
    
    print(f"second dic['a']: {dic['a']}")
    first dic['a']: 1
    second dic['a']: 3
    

    2.长度len

    # dic之长度len
    dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    
    print(f"len(dic): {len(dic)}")
    len(dic): 2
    

    3.成员运算in和not in

    # dic之成员运算in和not in
    dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    
    print(f"'a' in dic: {'a' in dic}")
    print(f"1 in dic: {1 in dic}")
    'a' in dic: True
    1 in dic: False
    

    4.删除

    # dic之删除del
    dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    del dic['a']
    
    print(f"dic.get('a'): {dic.get('a')}")
    dic.get('a'): None
    # dic之删除pop()
    dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    dic.pop('a')  # 指定元素删除
    
    print(f"dic.pop('b'): {dic.pop('b')}")
    print(f"dic.get('a'): {dic.get('a')}")
    dic.pop('b'): 2
    dic.get('a'): None
    # dic之删除popitem()
    dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    
    print(f"dic.popitem(): {dic.popitem()}")  # popitem() 方法随机返回并删除字典中的一对键和值(一般删除末尾对)。
    dic.popitem(): ('b', 2)
    

    5.键keys()、值values()、键值对items()

    # dic之键keys()、值values()、键值对items(),python2中取出的是列表(鸡蛋);python3中取出的是元组(鸡)
    dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    
    print(f"dic.keys(): {dic.keys()}")
    print(f"dic.values(): {dic.values()}")
    print(f"dic.items(): {dic.items()}")
    dic.keys(): dict_keys(['a', 'b'])
    dic.values(): dict_values([1, 2])
    dic.items(): dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])
    

    6.循环

    # dic之循环
    # dic是无序的,但是python3采用了底层优化算法,所以看起来是有序的,但是python2中的字典是无序
    dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}
    
    for k, v in dic.items():  # items可以换成keys()、values()
        print(k, v)
    a 1
    b 2
    c 3
    d 4
    

    1.2 需要掌握(**)

    1. get
    2. update
    3. fromkeys
    4. setdefault

    1.get()

    # dic之get()
    dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    
    print(f"dic.get('a'): {dic.get('a')}")
    print(f"dic.get('c'): {dic.get('c')}")
    dic.get('a'): 1
    dic.get('c'): None
    

    2.update()

    # dic之update()
    dic1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    dic2 = {'c': 3}
    dic1.update(dic2)
    
    print(f"dic1: {dic1}")
    dic1: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
    

    3.fromkeys()

    # dic之fromkeys()
    dic = dict.fromkeys(['name', 'age', 'sex'], None)
    
    print(f"dic: {dic}")
    dic: {'name': None, 'age': None, 'sex': None}
    

    4.setdefault()

    # dic之setdefault(),有指定key不会改变值;无指定key则改变值
    dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    
    print(f"dic.setdefault('a'): {dic.setdefault('a',3)}")
    print(f"dic: {dic}")
    print(f"dic.setdefault('c'): {dic.setdefault('c',3)}")
    print(f"dic: {dic}")
    dic.setdefault('a'): 1
    dic: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    dic.setdefault('c'): 3
    dic: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
    

    4.存一个值or多个值:多个值,值可以是多个类型,key必须是不可变类型,通常应该是不可变类型中的字符串类型

    5.有序or无序:无序

    dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
    print(f'first:{id(name)}')
    dic['a'] = 3
    print(f'second:{id(name)}')
    first:4356627632
    second:4356627632
    

    6.可变or不可变:可变数据类型

    集合数据类型内置方法

    集合可以理解成一个集合体,学习Python的学生可以是一个集合体;学习Linux的学生可以是一个集合体。

    pythoners = ['jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean']
    linuxers = ['nick', 'egon', 'kevin']
    
    # 即报名pythoners又报名linux的学生
    py_li_list = []
    for stu in pythoners:
        if stu in linuxers:
            py_li_list.append(stu)
    print(f"pythoners and linuxers: {py_li_list}")
    pythoners and linuxers: ['nick']
    

    上述的列表方式求两个集合体的关系运算非常复杂,因此有了我们的集合数据类型。

    1.用途:用于关系运算的集合体,由于集合内的元素无序且集合元素不可重复,因此集合可以去重,但是去重后的集合会打乱原来元素的顺序。

    2.定义:{}内用逗号分隔开多个元素,每个元素必须是不可变类型。

    s = {1, 2, 1, 'a'}  # s = set({1,2,'a'})
    
    print(f"s: {s}")
    s: {1, 2, 'a'}
    s = {1, 2, 1, 'a', 'c'}
    
    for i in s:
        print(i)
    1
    2
    c
    a
    s = set('hello')
    
    print(f"s: {s}")
    s: {'e', 'o', 'h', 'l'}
    

    3.常用操作+内置方法:常用操作和内置方法分为优先掌握(今天必须得记住)、需要掌握(一周内记住)两个部分。

    1.1 优先掌握(***)

    1. 长度len
    2. 成员运算in和not in
    3. |并集、union
    4. &交集、intersection
    5. -差集、difference
    6. ^对称差集、symmetric_difference
    7. ==
    8. 父集:>、>= 、issuperset
    9. 子集:<、<= 、issubset

    1.长度len

    # set之长度len
    s = {1, 2, 'a'}
    
    print(f"len(s): {len(s)}")
    len(s): 3
    

    2.成员运算in和not in

    # set之成员运算in和not in
    s = {1, 2, 'a'}
    
    print(f"1 in s: {1 in s}")
    1 in s: True
    

    集合类型内置运算-集合运算英文.jpg?x-oss-process=style/watermark

    3.|并集

    # str之|并集
    pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
    linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
    
    print(f"pythoners|linuxers: {pythoners|linuxers}")
    print(f"pythoners.union(linuxers): {pythoners.union(linuxers)}")
    pythoners|linuxers: {'egon', 'tank', 'kevin', 'jason', 'nick', 'sean'}
    pythoners.union(linuxers): {'egon', 'tank', 'kevin', 'jason', 'nick', 'sean'}
    

    4.&交集

    # str之&交集
    pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
    linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
    
    print(f"pythoners&linuxers: {pythoners&linuxers}")
    print(f"pythoners.intersection(linuxers): {pythoners.intersection(linuxers)}")
    pythoners&linuxers: {'nick'}
    pythoners.intersection(linuxers): {'nick'}
    

    5.-差集

    # str之-差集
    pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
    linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
    
    print(f"pythoners-linuxers: {pythoners-linuxers}")
    print(f"pythoners.difference(linuxers): {pythoners.difference(linuxers)}")
    pythoners-linuxers: {'tank', 'jason', 'sean'}
    pythoners.difference(linuxers): {'tank', 'jason', 'sean'}
    

    6.^对称差集

    # str之^对称差集
    pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
    linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
    
    print(f"pythoners^linuxers: {pythoners^linuxers}")
    print(
        f"pythoners.symmetric_difference(linuxers): {pythoners.symmetric_difference(linuxers)}")
    pythoners^linuxers: {'egon', 'tank', 'kevin', 'jason', 'sean'}
    pythoners.symmetric_difference(linuxers): {'egon', 'tank', 'kevin', 'jason', 'sean'}
    

    7.==

    # str之==
    pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
    linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
    javers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
    
    print(f"pythoners==linuxers: {pythoners==linuxers}")
    print(f"javers==linuxers: {javers==linuxers}")
    pythoners==linuxers: False
    javers==linuxers: True
    

    8.父集:>、>=

    # str之父集:>、>=
    pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
    linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
    javaers = {'jason', 'nick'}
    
    print(f"pythoners>linuxers: {pythoners>linuxers}")
    print(f"pythoners>=linuxers: {pythoners>=linuxers}")
    print(f"pythoners>=javaers: {pythoners>=javaers}")
    print(f"pythoners.issuperset(javaers): {pythoners.issuperset(javaers)}")
    pythoners>linuxers: False
    pythoners>=linuxers: False
    pythoners>=javaers: True
    pythoners.issuperset(javaers): True
    

    9.子集:<、<=

    # str之子集:<、<=
    pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
    linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
    javaers = {'jason', 'nick'}
    
    print(f"pythoners<linuxers: {pythoners<linuxers}")
    print(f"pythoners<=linuxers: {pythoners<=linuxers}")
    print(f"javaers.issubset(javaers): {javaers.issubset(javaers)}")
    pythoners<linuxers: False
    pythoners<=linuxers: False
    javaers.issubset(javaers): True
    

    1.2 需要掌握(**)

    1. add
    2. remove
    3. difference_update
    4. discard
    5. isdisjoint

    1.add()

    # set之add()
    s = {1, 2, 'a'}
    s.add(3)
    
    print(s)
    {1, 2, 3, 'a'}
    

    2.remove()

    # set之remove()
    s = {1, 2, 'a'}
    s.remove(1)
    
    print(s)
    {2, 'a'}
    

    3.difference_update()

    # str之difference_update()
    pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
    linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
    pythoners.difference_update(linuxers)
    
    print(f"pythoners.difference_update(linuxers): {pythoners}")
    pythoners.difference_update(linuxers): {'tank', 'jason', 'sean'}
    

    4.discard()

    # set之discard()
    s = {1, 2, 'a'}
    # s.remove(3)  # 报错
    s.discard(3)
    
    print(s)
    {1, 2, 'a'}
    

    5.isdisjoint()

    # set之isdisjoint(),集合没有共同的部分返回True,否则返回False
    pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
    linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
    pythoners.isdisjoint(linuxers)
    
    print(f"pythoners.isdisjoint(linuxers): {pythoners.isdisjoint(linuxers)}")
    pythoners.isdisjoint(linuxers): False
    

    4.存一个值or多个值:多个值,且值为不可变类型。

    5.有序or无序:无序

    s = {1, 2, 'a'}
    print(f'first:{id(s)}')
    s.add(3)
    print(f'second:{id(s)}')
    first:4480523848
    second:4480523848
    

    6.可变or不可变:可变数据类型

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/TMesh/p/11304833.html
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