• 更改MySQL数据库的编码为utf8mb4


    utf-8编码可能2个字节、3个字节、4个字节的字符,但是MySQL的utf8编码只支持3字节的数据,而移动端的表情数据是4个字节的字符。如果直接往采用utf-8编码的数据库中插入表情数据,java程序中将报SQL异常:

    java.sql.SQLException: Incorrect string value: ‘xF0x9Fx92x94’ for column ‘name’ at row 1 
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1073) 
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3593) 
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3525) 
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1986) 
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2140) 
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2620) 
    at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1662) 
    at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1581)

    可以对4字节的字符进行编码存储,然后取出来的时候,再进行解码。但是这样做会使得任何使用该字符的地方都要进行编码与解码。

    utf8mb4编码是utf8编码的超集,兼容utf8,并且能存储4字节的表情字符。 
    采用utf8mb4编码的好处是:存储与获取数据的时候,不用再考虑表情字符的编码与解码问题。

    更改数据库的编码为utf8mb4:

    1. MySQL的版本

    utf8mb4的最低mysql版本支持版本为5.5.3+,若不是,请升级到较新版本。

    2. MySQL驱动

    5.1.34可用,最低不能低于5.1.13

    3.修改MySQL配置文件

    修改mysql配置文件my.cnf(windows为my.ini) 
    my.cnf一般在etc/mysql/my.cnf位置。找到后请在以下三部分里添加如下内容: 
    [client] 
    default-character-set = utf8mb4 
    [mysql] 
    default-character-set = utf8mb4 
    [mysqld] 
    character-set-client-handshake = FALSE 
    character-set-server = utf8mb4 
    collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci 
    init_connect=’SET NAMES utf8mb4’

    4. 重启数据库,检查变量

    SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE ‘character_set_%’ OR Variable_name LIKE ‘collation%’;

    Variable_nameValue
    character_set_client utf8mb4
    character_set_connection utf8mb4
    character_set_database utf8mb4
    character_set_filesystem binary
    character_set_results utf8mb4
    character_set_server utf8mb4
    character_set_system utf8
    collation_connection utf8mb4_unicode_ci
    collation_database utf8mb4_unicode_ci
    collation_server utf8mb4_unicode_ci

    collation_connection 、collation_database 、collation_server是什么没关系。

    但必须保证

    系统变量描述
    character_set_client (客户端来源数据使用的字符集)
    character_set_connection (连接层字符集)
    character_set_database (当前选中数据库的默认字符集)
    character_set_results (查询结果字符集)
    character_set_server (默认的内部操作字符集)

    这几个变量必须是utf8mb4。

    5. 数据库连接的配置

    数据库连接参数中: 
    characterEncoding=utf8会被自动识别为utf8mb4,也可以不加这个参数,会自动检测。 
    而autoReconnect=true是必须加上的。

    6. 将数据库和已经建好的表也转换成utf8mb4

    更改数据库编码:ALTER DATABASE caitu99 CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;

    更改表编码:ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci
    如有必要,还可以更改列的编码

    可以写代码批量进行转换:

    //获取所有表
    Connection conn = null;
    
    try {
        conn = DbUtilsTool.openConn("MySQL", "127.0.0.1", "3306", "caitu99", "root", "root");
        String sql = "show tables";
        QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
        List<String> tblNameList= (List<String>) qr.query(conn, sql, new ColumnListHandler(1));
        sql = "ALTER DATABASE caitu99 CHARACTER SET `utf8mb4` COLLATE `utf8mb4_general_ci`";
        qr.update(conn,sql);
        for (String str:tblNameList)
        {
            sql = "ALTER TABLE "+str+" CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET `utf8mb4` COLLATE `utf8mb4_general_ci`";
            qr.update(conn,sql);
        }
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    finally {
        if(conn!=null) {
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
       }
    }
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    DbUtilsTool类:

    package com.mysql.chartest;
    
    
    import java.sql.Connection;
    import java.sql.DriverManager;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.BasicRowProcessor;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.BeanProcessor;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayHandler;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayListHandler;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ColumnListHandler;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.KeyedHandler;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapHandler;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapListHandler;
    import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler;
    
    public class DbUtilsTool {
        private static final QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner();
    
        /* 打开数据库连接(type: MySQL,Oracle,SQLServer) */
        public static Connection openConn(String type,      //数据库类型
                                          String host,      //主机ip
                                          String port,      //主机端口
                                          String name,      //数据库名
                                          String username,  //用户名
                                          String password)//密码
         {
            Connection conn = null;
            try {
                String driver;
                String url;
                if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("MySQL")) {
                    driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
                    url = "jdbc:mysql://" + host + ":" + port + "/" + name;
                } else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("Oracle")) {
                    driver = "oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";
                    url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@" + host + ":" + port + ":" + name;
                } else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("SQLServer")) {
                    driver = "com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver";
                    url = "jdbc:sqlserver://" + host + ":" + port + ";databaseName=" + name;
                } else {
                    throw new RuntimeException();
                }
                Class.forName(driver);
                conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return conn;
        }
    
        /* 关闭数据库连接 */
        public static void closeConn(Connection conn) {
            try {
                if (conn != null) {
                    conn.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        /* 查询(返回Array结果) */
        public static Object[] queryArray(Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) {
            Object[] result = null;
            try {
                result = runner.query(conn, sql, new ArrayHandler(), params);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        /* 查询(返回ArrayList结果) */
        public static List<Object[]> queryArrayList(Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) {
            List<Object[]> result = null;
            try {
                result = runner.query(conn, sql, new ArrayListHandler(), params);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        /* 查询(返回Map结果) */
        public static Map<String, Object> queryMap(Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) {
            Map<String, Object> result = null;
            try {
                result = runner.query(conn, sql, new MapHandler(), params);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        /* 查询(返回MapList结果) */
        public static List<Map<String, Object>> queryMapList(Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) {
            List<Map<String, Object>> result = null;
            try {
                result = runner.query(conn, sql, new MapListHandler(), params);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        /* 查询(返回Bean结果) */
        public static <T> T queryBean(Class<T> cls, Map<String, String> map, Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) {
            T result = null;
            try {
                if (map != null) {
                    result = runner.query(conn, sql, new BeanHandler<T>(cls, new BasicRowProcessor(new BeanProcessor(map))), params);
                } else {
                    result = runner.query(conn, sql, new BeanHandler<T>(cls), params);
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        /* 查询(返回BeanList结果) */
        public static <T> List<T> queryBeanList(Class<T> cls, Map<String, String> map, Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) {
            List<T> result = null;
            try {
                if (map != null) {
                    result = runner.query(conn, sql, new BeanListHandler<T>(cls, new BasicRowProcessor(new BeanProcessor(map))), params);
                } else {
                    result = runner.query(conn, sql, new BeanListHandler<T>(cls), params);
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        /* 查询指定列名的值(单条数据) */
        public static <T> T queryColumn(String column, Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) {
            T result = null;
            try {
                result = runner.query(conn, sql, new ScalarHandler<T>(column), params);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        /* 查询指定列名的值(多条数据) */
        public static <T> List<T> queryColumnList(String column, Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) {
            List<T> result = null;
            try {
                result = runner.query(conn, sql, new ColumnListHandler<T>(column), params);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        /* 查询指定列名对应的记录映射 */
        public static <T> Map<T, Map<String, Object>> queryKeyMap(String column, Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) {
            Map<T, Map<String, Object>> result = null;
            try {
                result = runner.query(conn, sql, new KeyedHandler<T>(column), params);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        /* 更新(包括UPDATE、INSERT、DELETE,返回受影响的行数) */
        public static int update(Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) {
            int result = 0;
            try {
                result = runner.update(conn, sql, params);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/SofuBlue/p/8079082.html
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