• 使用log4net将日志文件输出为csv格式


      我们在编写程序时,会在程序运行过程中记录一些日志。log4net作为一款经久耐用的日志组件,值得我们信赖。在中小型公司中,往往没有专业的日志服务器来处理应用程序产生的日志,而格式化不好的日志文件又为上线后日志的统计、分析、查找造成了困难。

      Excel作为一款常用的办公软件,用来处理一些中小数量级的数据还是游刃有余的。如果log4net输出的日志能够直接导入Excel,那么查询和分析起来岂不是要快很多?

      我们有很多方法可以实现这个功能,csv的优势是其文件格式比较简单,可以用任意的文本编辑器打开,而且解析起来比较方便。效果如下:

      新建控制台程序,引用log4net类库这些步骤不必说,直接进入正题,我们需要增加4个类文件 CsvTextWriter 、 NewFieldConverter 、 EndRowConverter 和 CsvPatternLayout。

    CsvTextWriter.cs

     1 using System.IO;
     2 using System.Text;
     3 
     4 namespace CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout
     5 {
     6     public class CsvTextWriter : TextWriter
     7     {
     8         private readonly TextWriter _textWriter;
     9 
    10         public CsvTextWriter(TextWriter textWriter)
    11         {
    12             _textWriter = textWriter;
    13         }
    14 
    15         public override Encoding Encoding => _textWriter.Encoding;
    16 
    17         public override void Write(char value)
    18         {
    19             _textWriter.Write(value);
    20             if (value == '"')
    21                 _textWriter.Write(value);
    22         }
    23 
    24         public void WriteQuote()
    25         {
    26             _textWriter.Write('"');
    27         }
    28     }
    29 }

    NewFieldConverter.cs

     1 using System.IO;
     2 using log4net.Util;
     3 
     4 namespace CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout
     5 {
     6     public class NewFieldConverter : PatternConverter
     7     {
     8         protected override void Convert(TextWriter writer, object state)
     9         {
    10             var ctw = writer as CsvTextWriter;
    11             ctw?.WriteQuote();
    12 
    13             writer.Write(',');
    14 
    15             ctw?.WriteQuote();
    16         }
    17     }
    18 }

    EndRowConverter.cs

     1 using System.IO;
     2 using log4net.Util;
     3 
     4 namespace CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout
     5 {
     6     public class EndRowConverter : PatternConverter
     7     {
     8         protected override void Convert(TextWriter writer, object state)
     9         {
    10             var ctw = writer as CsvTextWriter;
    11 
    12             ctw?.WriteQuote();
    13 
    14             writer.WriteLine();
    15         }
    16     }
    17 }

    CsvPatternLayout.cs

     1 using System.IO;
     2 using log4net.Core;
     3 using log4net.Layout;
     4 
     5 namespace CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout
     6 {
     7     public class CsvPatternLayout : PatternLayout
     8     {
     9         public override void ActivateOptions()
    10         {
    11             AddConverter("newfield", typeof(NewFieldConverter));
    12             AddConverter("endrow", typeof(EndRowConverter));
    13             base.ActivateOptions();
    14         }
    15 
    16         public override void Format(TextWriter writer, LoggingEvent loggingEvent)
    17         {
    18             var ctw = new CsvTextWriter(writer);
    19             ctw.WriteQuote();
    20             base.Format(ctw, loggingEvent);
    21         }
    22     }
    23 }

      在书写 log4net 的配置文件时,只要将 appender 的 layout 设置为 CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout.CsvPatternLayout ,且设置好日志头,日志格式即可。注意,header后需要编写换行字符,%newfield代表字段分隔符,%endrow代表一行结束。

          <layout type="CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout.CsvPatternLayout,CoderBusy.Log4Net">
            <header value="Time,Thread,Level,Logger,Message,Exception&#13;&#10;" />
            <conversionPattern
              value="%date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}%newfield%thread%newfield%level%newfield%logger%newfield%message%newfield%exception%endrow" />
          </layout>

      我为初学者准备了一个log4net的配置文件。这个配置文件会将日志在控制台和csv文件中同时输出,每天一个CSV文件(本地时间),且控制台中,不同的日志级别会有不同的颜色。 

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
     2 
     3 <configuration>
     4   <configSections>
     5     <section name="log4net" type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler, log4net" />
     6   </configSections>
     7   <log4net xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
     8     <appender name="RollingLogFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">
     9       <param name="File" value="Logs/" />
    10       <param name="AppendToFile" value="True" />
    11       <param name="MaxSizeRollBackups" value="10" />
    12       <param name="StaticLogFileName" value="false" />
    13       <param name="DatePattern" value="yyyy-MM-dd&quot;.csv&quot;" />
    14       <param name="RollingStyle" value="Date" />
    15       <layout type="CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout.CsvPatternLayout,CoderBusy.Log4Net">
    16         <header value="Time,Thread,Level,Logger,Message,Exception&#13;&#10;" />
    17         <conversionPattern
    18           value="%date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}%newfield%thread%newfield%level%newfield%logger%newfield%message%newfield%exception%endrow" />
    19       </layout>
    20     </appender>
    21 
    22     <appender name="ColoredConsoleAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ColoredConsoleAppender">
    23       <mapping>
    24         <level value="ERROR" />
    25         <foreColor value="Red" />
    26       </mapping>
    27       <mapping>
    28         <level value="INFO" />
    29         <foreColor value="Green" />
    30       </mapping>
    31 
    32       <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
    33         <conversionPattern value="# %date{HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger #%newline%message%newline" />
    34       </layout>
    35       <filter type="log4net.Filter.LevelRangeFilter">
    36         <param name="LevelMin" value="DEBUG" />
    37         <param name="LevelMax" value="FATAL" />
    38       </filter>
    39     </appender>
    40 
    41     <root>
    42       <!-- OFF < FATAL < ERROR < WARN < INFO < DEBUG < ALL -->
    43       <level value="ALL" />
    44       <appender-ref ref="RollingLogFileAppender" />
    45       <appender-ref ref="ColoredConsoleAppender" />
    46     </root>
    47   </log4net>
    48 </configuration>

      配合以上配置,测试一下功能。

     1 using System;
     2 using log4net;
     3 using log4net.Config;
     4 
     5 [assembly: XmlConfigurator(ConfigFile = "log4net.config")]
     6 
     7 namespace CoderBusy.Log4Net.Tests
     8 {
     9     internal class Program
    10     {
    11         public static void Main(string[] args)
    12         {
    13             var log = LogManager.GetLogger("Default");
    14             log.Debug("Message", new Exception("Test Exception"));
    15             log.Info("Hello World.");
    16             log.WarnFormat("A={0} B={1}", ""123123", Environment.NewLine);
    17             Console.ReadLine();
    18         }
    19     }
    20 }

    Logs文件夹中,生成的csv文件内容如下:

    Time,Thread,Level,Logger,Message,Exception
    "2016-08-25 23:13:19","9","DEBUG","Default","Message","System.Exception: Test Exception
    "
    "2016-08-25 23:13:19","9","INFO","Default","Hello World.",""
    "2016-08-25 23:13:19","9","WARN","Default","A=""123123 B=
    ",""

      输出字段被使用双引号包裹,且消息体中的双引号被重复输出。这样的结果表明我们的程序是正常的。本文的代码可以在 http://pan.baidu.com/s/1hr4EOPu 下载,谢谢阅读,并祝你成功。

  • 相关阅读:
    我所了解的meta
    移动端遇到的问题
    反编译工具
    Nginx安装及配置免费HTTPS证书
    Python中通过lambda抛异常的奇技淫巧
    理解PEP333-WSGI
    Doker学习笔记之一:安装
    《程序员修炼之道》备忘清单
    日常开发工具列表
    NLP入门资料
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Soar1991/p/5808788.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知