1.title设置图像标题
(1)title常用参数
fontsize设置字体大小,默认12,可选参数 ['xx-small', 'x-small', 'small', 'medium', 'large','x-large', 'xx-large']
fontweight设置字体粗细,可选参数 ['light', 'normal', 'medium', 'semibold', 'bold', 'heavy', 'black']
fontstyle设置字体类型,可选参数[ 'normal' | 'italic' | 'oblique' ],italic斜体,oblique倾斜
verticalalignment设置水平对齐方式 ,可选参数 : 'center' , 'top' , 'bottom' ,'baseline'
horizontalalignment设置垂直对齐方式,可选参数:left,right,center
rotation(旋转角度)可选参数为:vertical,horizontal 也可以为数字
alpha透明度,参数值0至1之间
backgroundcolor标题背景颜色
bbox给标题增加外框 ,常用参数如下:
- boxstyle方框外形
- facecolor(简写fc)背景颜色
- edgecolor(简写ec)边框线条颜色
- edgewidth边框线条大小
(2)title例子:
plt.title('Interesting Graph',fontsize='large',fontweight='bold') 设置字体大小与格式
plt.title('Interesting Graph',color='blue') 设置字体颜色
plt.title('Interesting Graph',loc ='left') 设置字体位置
plt.title('Interesting Graph',verticalalignment='bottom') 设置垂直对齐方式
plt.title('Interesting Graph',rotation=45) 设置字体旋转角度
plt.title('Interesting',bbox=dict(facecolor='g', edgecolor='blue', alpha=0.65 )) 标题边框
面向对象api例子:
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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x=[1,2,3,4,5]
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y=[3,6,7,9,2]
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fig,ax=plt.subplots(1,1)
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ax.plot(x,y,label='trend')
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ax.set_title('title test',fontsize=12,color='r')
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plt.show()
2.annotate标注文字
(1)annotate语法说明 :annotate(s='str' ,xy=(x,y) ,xytext=(l1,l2) ,..)
s 为注释文本内容
xy 为被注释的坐标点
xytext 为注释文字的坐标位置
xycoords 参数如下:
- figure points points from the lower left of the figure 点在图左下方
- figure pixels pixels from the lower left of the figure 图左下角的像素
- figure fraction fraction of figure from lower left 左下角数字部分
- axes points points from lower left corner of axes 从左下角点的坐标
- axes pixels pixels from lower left corner of axes 从左下角的像素坐标
- axes fraction fraction of axes from lower left 左下角部分
- data use the coordinate system of the object being annotated(default) 使用的坐标系统被注释的对象(默认)
- polar(theta,r) if not native ‘data’ coordinates t
extcoords 设置注释文字偏移量
| 参数 | 坐标系 |
| 'figure points' | 距离图形左下角的点数量 |
| 'figure pixels' | 距离图形左下角的像素数量 |
| 'figure fraction' | 0,0 是图形左下角,1,1 是右上角 |
| 'axes points' | 距离轴域左下角的点数量 |
| 'axes pixels' | 距离轴域左下角的像素数量 |
| 'axes fraction' | 0,0 是轴域左下角,1,1 是右上角 |
| 'data' | 使用轴域数据坐标系 |
arrowprops #箭头参数,参数类型为字典dict
- width the width of the arrow in points 点箭头的宽度
- headwidth the width of the base of the arrow head in points 在点的箭头底座的宽度
- headlength the length of the arrow head in points 点箭头的长度
- shrink fraction of total length to ‘shrink’ from both ends 总长度为分数“缩水”从两端
- facecolor 箭头颜色
bbox给标题增加外框 ,常用参数如下:
- boxstyle方框外形
- facecolor(简写fc)背景颜色
- edgecolor(简写ec)边框线条颜色
- edgewidth边框线条大小
(2)案例
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import numpy as np
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x = np.arange(0, 6)
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y = x * x
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plt.plot(x, y, marker='o')
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for xy in zip(x, y):
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plt.annotate("(%s,%s)" % xy, xy=xy, xytext=(-20, 10), textcoords='offset points')
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plt.show()
plt.annotate('local max', xy=(2, 1), xytext=(3, 1.5),arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05))
3.text设置文字说明
(1)text语法说明
text(x,y,string,fontsize=15,verticalalignment="top",horizontalalignment="right")
x,y:表示坐标值上的值
string:表示说明文字
fontsize:表示字体大小
verticalalignment:垂直对齐方式 ,参数:[ ‘center’ | ‘top’ | ‘bottom’ | ‘baseline’ ]
horizontalalignment:水平对齐方式 ,参数:[ ‘center’ | ‘right’ | ‘left’ ]
xycoords选择指定的坐标轴系统:
- figure points points from the lower left of the figure 点在图左下方
- figure pixels pixels from the lower left of the figure 图左下角的像素
- figure fraction fraction of figure from lower left 左下角数字部分
- axes points points from lower left corner of axes 从左下角点的坐标
- axes pixels pixels from lower left corner of axes 从左下角的像素坐标
- axes fraction fraction of axes from lower left 左下角部分
- data use the coordinate system of the object being annotated(default) 使用的坐标系统被注释的对象(默认)
- polar(theta,r) if not native ‘data’ coordinates t
arrowprops #箭头参数,参数类型为字典dict
- width the width of the arrow in points 点箭头的宽度
- headwidth the width of the base of the arrow head in points 在点的箭头底座的宽度
- headlength the length of the arrow head in points 点箭头的长度
- shrink fraction of total length to ‘shrink’ from both ends 总长度为分数“缩水”从两端
- facecolor 箭头颜色
bbox给标题增加外框 ,常用参数如下:
- boxstyle方框外形
- facecolor(简写fc)背景颜色
- edgecolor(简写ec)边框线条颜色
- edgewidth边框线条大小
(2)案例
文字格式与位置:
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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fig = plt.figure()
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plt.axis([0, 10, 0, 10])
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t = "This is a really long string that I'd rather have wrapped so that it"
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" doesn't go outside of the figure, but if it's long enough it will go"
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" off the top or bottom!"
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plt.text(4, 1, t, ha='left', rotation=15, wrap=True)
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plt.text(6, 5, t, ha='left', rotation=15, wrap=True)
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plt.text(5, 5, t, ha='right', rotation=-15, wrap=True)
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plt.text(5, 10, t, fontsize=18, style='oblique', ha='center',va='top',wrap=True)
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plt.text(3, 4, t, family='serif', style='italic', ha='right', wrap=True)
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plt.text(-1, 0, t, ha='left', rotation=-15, wrap=True)
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plt.show()
花式文本框:
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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plt.text(0.6, 0.5, "test", size=50, rotation=30.,ha="center", va="center",bbox=dict(boxstyle="round",ec=(1., 0.5, 0.5),fc=(1., 0.8, 0.8),))
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plt.text(0.5, 0.4, "test", size=50, rotation=-30.,ha="right", va="top",bbox=dict(boxstyle="square",ec=(1., 0.5, 0.5),fc=(1., 0.8, 0.8),))
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plt.draw()
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plt.show()
数学公式:
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plt.title(r'$alpha_i > eta_i$', fontsize=20)
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plt.text(1, -0.6, r'$sum_{i=0}^infty x_i$', fontsize=20)
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plt.text(0.6, 0.6, r'$mathcal{A}mathrm{sin}(2 omega t)$',fontsize=20)