1.创建postgre所需用户
groupadd pgsql useradd -g pgsql pgsql passwd pgsql
2.下载postgre二进制安装包
下载地址：https://www.enterprisedb.com/download-postgresql-binaries wget -P /usr/local/src https://get.enterprisedb.com/postgresql/postgresql-10.15-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz
3.解压tar包并移动至相关目录，并创建data、log目录
cd /usr/local/src && tar xf postgresql-10.15-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz
mv pgsql ../
mkdir -p /usr/local/pgsql/{data,log}
4.给data，log目录授权
chown -R pgsql.pgsql /usr/local/pgsql chmod -R 755 /usr/local/pgsql
5.在pgsql用户下初始化数据库
[pgsql@xiaoran bin]$ ./initdb -E utf8 -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/ The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "pgsql". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8". The default text search configuration will be set to "english". Data page checksums are disabled. fixing permissions on existing directory /usr/local/pgsql/data ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting default timezone ... Asia/Shanghai selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix creating configuration files ... ok running bootstrap script ... ok performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok syncing data to disk ... ok WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb. Success. You can now start the database server using: ./pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/ -l logfile start
6.添加pgsql环境变量，并启动pgsql数据，为了方便可以吧pgsql做成服务启动(自行百度)
vim ~/.bash_profile
#在环境变量中加下面这句话 /usr/local/pgsql/bin source ~/.bash_profile
#启动Pgsql数据
[pgsql@xiaoran bin]$ ./pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/ -l /usr/local/pgsql/log/pgsql.log start
waiting for server to start.... done
server starte
7.登陆数据
psql template1 或 /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql template1
注意：默认登陆一定要指定数据库，否则会报错
[pgsql@xiaoran bin]$ ./psql psql.bin: FATAL: database "pgsql" does not exist
8.pgsql数据库帮助
template1=# ? General copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms crosstabview [COLUMNS] execute query and display results in crosstab errverbose show most recent error message at maximum verbosity g [FILE] or ; execute query (and send results to file or |pipe) gexec execute query, then execute each value in its result gset [PREFIX] execute query and store results in psql variables gx [FILE] as g, but forces expanded output mode q quit psql watch [SEC] execute query every SEC seconds Help ? [commands] show help on backslash commands ? options show help on psql command-line options ? variables show help on special variables h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands Query Buffer e [FILE] [LINE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor ef [FUNCNAME [LINE]] edit function definition with external editor ev [VIEWNAME [LINE]] edit view definition with external editor p show the contents of the query buffer reset (clear) the query buffer s [FILE] display history or save it to file w FILE write query buffer to file Input/Output copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host echo [STRING] write string to standard output i FILE execute commands from file ir FILE as i, but relative to location of current script o [FILE] send all query results to file or |pipe qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream (see o) Conditional if EXPR begin conditional block elif EXPR alternative within current conditional block else final alternative within current conditional block endif end conditional block Informational (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail) d[S+] list tables, views, and sequences d[S+] NAME describe table, view, sequence, or index da[S] [PATTERN] list aggregates dA[+] [PATTERN] list access methods db[+] [PATTERN] list tablespaces dc[S+] [PATTERN] list conversions dC[+] [PATTERN] list casts dd[S] [PATTERN] show object descriptions not displayed elsewhere dD[S+] [PATTERN] list domains ddp [PATTERN] list default privileges dE[S+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables det[+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables des[+] [PATTERN] list foreign servers deu[+] [PATTERN] list user mappings dew[+] [PATTERN] list foreign-data wrappers df[antw][S+] [PATRN] list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions dF[+] [PATTERN] list text search configurations dFd[+] [PATTERN] list text search dictionaries dFp[+] [PATTERN] list text search parsers dFt[+] [PATTERN] list text search templates dg[S+] [PATTERN] list roles di[S+] [PATTERN] list indexes dl list large objects, same as lo_list dL[S+] [PATTERN] list procedural languages dm[S+] [PATTERN] list materialized views dn[S+] [PATTERN] list schemas do[S] [PATTERN] list operators dO[S+] [PATTERN] list collations dp [PATTERN] list table, view, and sequence access privileges drds [PATRN1 [PATRN2]] list per-database role settings dRp[+] [PATTERN] list replication publications dRs[+] [PATTERN] list replication subscriptions ds[S+] [PATTERN] list sequences dt[S+] [PATTERN] list tables dT[S+] [PATTERN] list data types du[S+] [PATTERN] list roles dv[S+] [PATTERN] list views dx[+] [PATTERN] list extensions dy [PATTERN] list event triggers l[+] [PATTERN] list databases sf[+] FUNCNAME show a function's definition sv[+] VIEWNAME show a view's definition z [PATTERN] same as dp Formatting a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output H toggle HTML output mode (currently off) pset [NAME [VALUE]] set table output option (NAME := {border|columns|expanded|fieldsep|fieldsep_zero| footer|format|linestyle|null|numericlocale|pager| pager_min_lines|recordsep|recordsep_zero|tableattr|title| tuples_only|unicode_border_linestyle| unicode_column_linestyle|unicode_header_linestyle}) [on|off] show only rows (currently off) T [STRING] set HTML <table> tag attributes, or unset if none x [on|off|auto] toggle expanded output (currently off) Connection c[onnect] {[DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-] | conninfo} connect to new database (currently "template1") conninfo display information about current connection encoding [ENCODING] show or set client encoding password [USERNAME] securely change the password for a user Operating System cd [DIR] change the current working directory setenv NAME [VALUE] set or unset environment variable iming [on|off] toggle timing of commands (currently off) ! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start interactive shell Variables prompt [TEXT] NAME prompt user to set internal variable set [NAME [VALUE]] set internal variable, or list all if no parameters unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable Large Objects lo_export LOBOID FILE lo_import FILE [COMMENT] lo_list lo_unlink LOBOID large object operations
9.停止数据
./pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/ -m smart -W -t SECS -s stop
启动、停止、重启 延伸资料
[pgsql@xiaoran bin]$ ./pg_ctl --help pg_ctl is a utility to initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server. Usage: pg_ctl init[db] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-o OPTIONS] pg_ctl start [-D DATADIR] [-l FILENAME] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s] [-o OPTIONS] [-p PATH] [-c] pg_ctl stop [-D DATADIR] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s] pg_ctl restart [-D DATADIR] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s] [-o OPTIONS] [-c] pg_ctl reload [-D DATADIR] [-s] pg_ctl status [-D DATADIR] pg_ctl promote [-D DATADIR] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s] pg_ctl kill SIGNALNAME PID Common options: -D, --pgdata=DATADIR location of the database storage area -s, --silent only print errors, no informational messages -t, --timeout=SECS seconds to wait when using -w option -V, --version output version information, then exit -w, --wait wait until operation completes (default) -W, --no-wait do not wait until operation completes -?, --help show this help, then exit If the -D option is omitted, the environment variable PGDATA is used. Options for start or restart: -c, --core-files allow postgres to produce core files -l, --log=FILENAME write (or append) server log to FILENAME -o, --options=OPTIONS command line options to pass to postgres (PostgreSQL server executable) or initdb -p PATH-TO-POSTGRES normally not necessary Options for stop or restart: -m, --mode=MODE MODE can be "smart", "fast", or "immediate" Shutdown modes are: smart quit after all clients have disconnected fast quit directly, with proper shutdown (default) immediate quit without complete shutdown; will lead to recovery on restart Allowed signal names for kill: ABRT HUP INT QUIT TERM USR1 USR2 Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.