• 关于HTTP协议的小实验


    实验一、基于basic的用户验证

    实验目的:允许特定用户访问特定的资源,比如本次实验里的/secret文件夹里的内容

    方法一:编写配置文件

    步骤如下:

    1、可以先在主站点/var/www/html下新建一个secret文件夹

    [root@centos6 /var/www/html]# mkdir secret
    [root@centos6 /var/www/html]# echo /var/www/html/secret/index.html > secret/index.html
    [root@centos6 /var/www/html]# cat index.html 
    <h1>centos6</h1>   主站点,任何用户都能访问
    [root@centos6 /var/www/html]# cd secret/
    [root@centos6 /var/www/html/secret]# ls
    index.html
    [root@centos6 /var/www/html/secret]# cat index.html 
    /var/www/html/secret/index.html  秘密文件,被指定的用户才能访问

    2、编写配置文件

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# vim test.conf 
    <directory /var/www/html/secret>
    authname "secret DIR"
    authtype basic
    authuserfile /etc/httpd/conf.d/.httpusers
    require user http1 http2  没有http3用户哦~                                                                
    </directory>

    3、为用户设定口令

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# htpasswd -c /etc/httpd/conf.d/.httpusers http1   -c:自动创建文件,仅应该在文件不存在时使用
    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# htpasswd -s /etc/httpd/conf.d/.httpusers http2   -s:sha格式加密
    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# htpasswd -m /etc/httpd/conf.d/.httpusers http3   -m:md5格式加密
    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/.httpusers

    4、重新加载服务

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# service httpd reload

    5、测试

    ①无需登录,直接访问主站点

    ②访问/secret文件夹,跳出登录页面

    ③用户http3无法访问/secret目录,若它能访问,修改配置文件内容如下

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# vim test.conf 
    <directory /var/www/html/secret>
    authname "secret DIR"
    authtype basic
    authuserfile /etc/httpd/conf.d/.httpusers
    require valid-user                                                                         
    </directory>

    修改完成后保存退出记得重新加载一下服务哦~

    用户http3再次登录,访问成功

    方法二:编写.htaccess文件

    步骤如下:

    1、在被访问的目录下创建.htaccess文件

    [root@centos6 /var/www/html]# cd secret/
    [root@centos6 /var/www/html/secret]# ls
    index.html
    [root@centos6 /var/www/html/secret]# vim .htaccess

    2、在配置文件中编写使.htaccess文件生效的内容(允许验证)

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# vim test.conf
    <directory /var/www/html/secret>
    allowoverride authconfig                                                                   
    </directory>

    3、重新加载服务

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# service httpd reload

    4、测试

    实验二、基于组账号进行验证

    实验目的:将一些允许访问的用户放到组里面,这样更加灵活方便管理

    步骤如下:

    1、编写组文件

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# vim .htgroups
    httpgroup1:http1 http2
    httpgroup2:http1 http3 

    2、编写配置文件

    [root@centos6 /var/www/html/secret]# vim .htaccess 
    authname "secret DIR"
    authtype basic
    authuserfile /etc/httpd/conf.d/.httpusers
    authgroupfile /etc/httpd/conf.d/.htgroups
    require group httpgroup2  允许组2里的成员访问 

    3、测试

    ①http3用户能访问,因为它在允许访问的httpgroup2

    http2用户不能访问,因为它不在允许访问的httpgroup2

    实验三、关于虚拟主机的实现

    有三种实现方案:

      基于ip:为每个虚拟主机准备至少一个ip地址

      基于port:为每个虚拟主机使用至少一个独立的port

      基于FQDN:为每个虚拟主机使用至少一个FQDN

    方案一、基于IP

    步骤如下:

    1、准备3个网页的工作目录

    [root@centos6 /app]# mkdir site1
    [root@centos6 /app]# mkdir site2
    [root@centos6 /app]# mkdir site3
    [root@centos6 /app]# echo /app/site1/index.html > site1/index.html
    [root@centos6 /app]# echo /app/site2/index.html > site2/index.html 
    [root@centos6 /app]# echo /app/site3/index.html > site3/index.html 

    2、准备3个地址

    [root@centos6 /app]# ip add a 192.168.152.10/24 dev eth0
    [root@centos6 /app]# ip add a 192.168.152.20/24 dev eth0 
    [root@centos6 /app]# ip add a 192.168.152.30/24 dev eth0 
    [root@centos6 /app]# ip a
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:ca:13:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 172.17.252.166/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
        inet 192.168.152.10/24 scope global eth0
        inet 192.168.152.20/24 scope global secondary eth0
        inet 192.168.152.30/24 scope global secondary eth0

    3、修改配置文件,将IP地址与网站一一对应

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# vim test.conf 
    <virtualhost 192.168.152.10:80>
       documentroot /app/site1
    </virtualhost>
    
    <virtualhost 192.168.152.20:80>
       documentroot /app/site2
    </virtualhost> 
    
    <virtualhost 192.168.152.30:80>
       documentroot /app/site3                                                                 
    </virtualhost> 

    4、重新加载服务

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# service httpd reload

    5、测试(地址)

    [root@centos7 ~]# curl http://192.168.152.10
    /app/site1/index.html
    [root@centos7 ~]# curl http://192.168.152.20
    /app/site2/index.html
    [root@centos7 ~]# curl http://192.168.152.30
    /app/site3/index.html

    方案二、基于port

    步骤如下:

    1、在方案一的步骤下修改配置文件

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# vim test.conf 
    listen 81
    listen 82
    listen 83
    <virtualhost *:81>
       documentroot /app/site1
    </virtualhost>
    
    <virtualhost *:82>
       documentroot /app/site2
    </virtualhost> 
    
    <virtualhost *:83>                                                                       
       documentroot /app/site3
    </virtualhost>

    2、重新启动网络服务以及重新加载httpd服务,这样的话方案一临时配置的三个地址就会失效,因为此方案是基于端口实现的,无需那么多地址

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# service network restart
    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# service httpd reload

    3、centos7测试(端口)

    [root@centos7 ~]# curl http://192.168.152.166:81
    /app/site1/index.html
    [root@centos7 ~]# curl http://192.168.152.166:82
    /app/site2/index.html
    [root@centos7 ~]# curl http://192.168.152.166:83
    /app/site3/index.html

    方案三、基于FQDN,通过FQDN名称去访问

    步骤如下:

    1、模拟DNS解析

    [root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
    192.168.152.166 www.a.com www.b.com www.c.com 

    2、修改配置文件

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# vim test.conf
    NamevirtualHost *:80  httpd2的版本想要基于FQDN实现虚拟机,必须加此行                                                                      
    <virtualhost *:80>
       documentroot /app/site1
       servername www.a.com
       errorlog logs/a.com.errlog
       customlog logs/a.com.accesslog combined  combined用于定义日志格式
    </virtualhost>
    
    <virtualhost *:80>
       documentroot /app/site2
       servername www.b.com
       errorlog logs/b.com.errlog
       customlog logs/b.com.accesslog combined
    </virtualhost> 
    
    <virtualhost *:80>
       documentroot /app/site3
       servername www.c.com
       errorlog logs/c.com.errlog
       customlog logs/c.com.accesslog combined
    </virtualhost>

    3、重新加载服务

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# service httpd reload

    4、测试

    [root@centos7 ~]# curl http://www.a.com
    /app/site1/index.html
    [root@centos7 ~]# curl http://www.b.com
    /app/site2/index.html
    [root@centos7 ~]# curl http://www.c.com
    /app/site3/index.html

    访问日志查看

    [root@centos6 /etc/httpd/conf.d]# tail /var/log/httpd/a.com.accesslog -f
    192.168.152.167 - - [18/Oct/2017:05:29:27 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 22 "-" "curl/7.29.0"

    敲黑板!

    基于FQDN实现虚拟主机的方案用的较多,要掌握哦~

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Qian-free/p/7692486.html
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