• Servlet中response的相关案例(重定型,验证码,ServletContext文件下载)


    重定向

    1. 首先设置状态码,设置响应头

      	//访问Demo1自动跳转至Demo2
          //设置状态码
          response.setStatus(302);
          //设置响应头
          response.setHeader("location","/response/responseDemo2");	
      
    2. 通过sendRedirect(String location)方法完成重定向

       		//访问Demo1自动跳转至Demo2
              response.sendRedirect("/response/responseDemo2");
      

      重定向特点 :redirect

      1. 地址栏发生变化

      2. 重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源

        response.sendRedirect("https://www.baidu.com");

      3. 重定向是两次请求

      转发的特点:forward

      1. 转发路径不变
      2. 转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源
      3. 转发是一次请求,可以使用request对象来共享数据

      路径写法:

      路径分类

      1. 相对路径
        1. 找到当前资源和目标资源之间的位置关系
      2. 绝对路径:通过绝对路径可以确定唯一资源
        1. 规则:判断定义的路径是给谁用的
          1. 客户端浏览器:需要加虚拟目录(项目的访问路径)
          2. 给服务器用:不需要加虚拟目录

    服务器输出字符数据到浏览器

    1. 步骤

      1. 获取字符输出流

      2. 输出数据

      3. 注意乱码

        		//设置流的默认编码:ISO-8859-1 设置为GBK,防止乱码
                response.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");
                //告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体数据的编码
                //response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
                //简单形式。设置编码
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                //获取字符输出流
                PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
                //输出数据
                writer.write("hello");
        

    服务器输出字节数据到浏览器

    1. 步骤

      1. 获取字节输出流
      2. 输出数据
              response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
              //获取字节输出流
              ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
              //输出数据
              outputStream.write("hellow".getBytes());
      

    验证码

    • 本质:图片
    • 目的:防止恶意操作

    servlet代码:

     //创建对象,在内存中生成图片(验证码对象)
            int width=100;
            int height=50;
    
            BufferedImage bufferedImage=new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
            //美化
            //填充背景色
            Graphics graphics=bufferedImage.getGraphics();
            //背景颜色
            graphics.setColor(Color.PINK);
            graphics.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
            //字体颜色
            graphics.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            graphics.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
            String str="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
            //生成随机角标
            Random random=new Random();
            int x=0;
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
                int i = random.nextInt(str.length());
                char A=str.charAt(i);
                graphics.drawString(A+"",x+=20,25);
            }
            //画线
            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                int x1 = random.nextInt(100);
                int x2 = random.nextInt(100);
                int y1 = random.nextInt(50);
                int y2 = random.nextInt(50);
                graphics.drawLine( x1,  y1,  x2,  y2);
            }
    
    
            //输出演示
            ImageIO.write(bufferedImage,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
    

    html:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>注册</title>
        <script>
            window.onload=function () {
                var a=document.getElementById("check");
                a.onclick=function () {
                    //时间戳
                    var date=new Date().getTime();
                    a.src="/response/checkCodeServlet?"+date;
                }
                var  b=document.getElementById("change");
                b.onclick=function () {
                    var elementsByName = document.getElementsByTagName("img")
                    var date=new Date().getTime();
                    elementsByName[0].setAttribute(src,"/response/checkCodeServlet?"+date)
                }
            }
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
    <img id="check" src="/response/checkCodeServlet"/>
    <a id="change" href="">看不清换一张</a>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    文件下载 ServletContext

    1. 文件下载需求:
      1. 页面显示超链接
      2. 点击超链接后弹出下载提示框
      3. 完成图片文件下载

    html

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <a href="/rui/downloadServlet?filename=1.jpg">图片</a>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    servlet

    import javax.servlet.Servlet;
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author rui
     * @create 2019-08-07 22:07
     */
    @WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
    public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //获取参数文件名
            String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
            //找到文件真是路径
            ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
            String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
    
            //设置response的响应头类型context-type
            //获取文件类型
            String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);
            response.setHeader("context-type",mimeType);
            //设置响应头打开方式content-disposition
            response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
            response.setContentType("content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx");
            //用字节流关联
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
            //将输入流写出到输出流
            ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 8];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = fis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
            }
            fis.close();
        }
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request, response);
        }
    }
    
    
    • 提示1.jpg是放在web下的img文件中的文件

    • 问题:

      • 中文文件名问题(中文变成”___“形式)
    • 解决:

      • 获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息

      • 根据不同的版本信息,设置filename的编码方式

        1. 代码如下:

        使用DownLoadUtils工具类

        import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
        import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
        import java.net.URLEncoder;
        
        
        public class DownLoadUtils {
        
            public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
                if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
                    // IE浏览器
                    filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
                    filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
                } else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
                    // 火狐浏览器
                    BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
                    filename = "=?utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
                } else {
                    // 其它浏览器
                    filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
                }
                return filename;
            }
        }
        
        
        1. 在设置响应头前加如下代码:

          //解决中文文件名问题
                      //获取user-agent请求头
                      String header = request.getHeader("user-agent");
                      filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(header, filename);
          

    servlet完整代码:

    import javax.servlet.Servlet;
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author rui
     * @create 2019-08-07 22:07
     */
    @WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
    public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //获取参数文件名
            String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
            //找到文件真是路径
            ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
            String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
    
            //设置response的响应头类型context-type
            //获取文件类型
            String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);
            response.setHeader("context-type", mimeType);
    
            //设置响应头打开方式content-disposition
                //解决中文文件名问题
                //获取user-agent请求头
                String header = request.getHeader("user-agent");
                filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(header, filename);
            response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + filename);
            response.setContentType("content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx");
            //用字节流关联
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
            //将输入流写出到输出流
            ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 8];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = fis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
            }
            fis.close();
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request, response);
        }
    }
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/PoetryAndYou/p/11318455.html
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