平台信息:
内核:linux3.4.39
系统:android4.4
平台:S5P4418(cortex a9)
作者:瘋耔(欢迎转载,请注明作者)
欢迎指正错误,共同学习、共同进步!!
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以下是Samsung Exynos4412搭配TTL转LVDS芯片SN75LVDS83B、LVDS接口LCD为例说明。从硬件接口、驱动配置、背光PWM调节三部分说明。
一、LCD接口原理以及硬件电路
Samsung Exynos4412、SN75LVDS83B、LVDS接口LCD(24bit)为例说明,三者的关系如下:
如上图所示,我们在应用中我,主控(Exynos4412)输出RGB信号到TFT-LCD大体经过三部分:
(1)、标号1部分,主控(Exynos4412)输出TTL信号;
(2)、标号2部分,TTL(RGB)-LVDS转换芯片SN75LVDS83B,把TTL信号转换成LVDS信号,传输到显示器的LVDS接收端;这部分有SN75LVDS83B编码芯片自动完成,所以我们不需要程序控制;
(3)、标号3部分,分两个小部分,LVDS转换成TTL,TFT-LCD显示部分;我们前面说过,TFT-LCD其实只识别TTL信号,所以要有一个转换的过程,先把LVDS信号转换、解码成TTL信号,在TFT-LCD上显示。
有上面的过程,其实我们关心调试的部分只有标号1部分到标号2部分,后面标号2到标号3的部分是自动完成的,不需要我们程序上控制,把标号2部分、标号3部分合并:
标号二部分可以理解为一个TTL(RGB)接口的LCD,如下图所示,标号一部分就是主控信号输出端,简化图如下所示:
其实最简单的做法就是找个TTL接口的TFT-LCD,这样直接接上就可以。下面我们看下硬件上的电路连接:这个和我们上篇用的相同。
有上面图可以看出:硬件连接
网络标号 |
说明 |
管脚 |
XvVD[0:23] XvVDEN XvVSYNC XvHSYNC XvVCLK |
RGB数据、使能、行场同步、时钟信号 |
这是TTL信号输出 |
LCD_PWM |
调节背光 |
XpwmTOUT1/LCD_PWM/GPD0_1 |
LCD_LED_EN |
LCD电压(TFT电压)使能 |
GPC1_2 |
LED_BL_EN |
LED背光使能 |
GPL2_4 |
上面可分为几部分,电路连接部分分析:
(1)、TTL数据部分
这张图有木有烂掉呀,哈哈,就是这些数据了。还有有木有想起来摄像头的数据(ITU接口)也是这样的??其实视频这种信号的原理是通用的,所以LCD通了,摄像头也就知道怎么回事了。
(2)、PWM背光调节
PWM其实也是芯片的一个功能模块,看到他的管脚就是一个复用脚XpwmTOUT1/LCD_PWM/GPD0_1。上一篇我们粗略的了解了PWM,就是用到这里。但是有一个疑问,PWM是调节背光电压的,背光电压一般都是12V以上的,我们PWM只有0-3V的样子,Exynos4412的IO只有1.8V。怎么调节电压???
其实这个PWM只是给LCD上PWM控制部分,真正的电压还是通过LCD控制板上的电路实现。
我们可以看到这个升压电路,通过SY7208把VBATT升压到18V,供给LED背光。SY7208最大升压26V。这个电压是提供给我们前面讲的背光的,也就是CCFL灯管或者LED背光组的电压。
b、LCD电压
这个电压也就是给你我们TFT阵列组用的,控制LCD液晶元素。
这部分电路分析完成,我们就有比较清晰的思路出,要一个LCD工作,要完成两部分内容:LCD上电控制,背光、LCD电压;信号输出。
▊对于4418来说主控部分集成了LVDS信号输出,下面做电路介绍:
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与TFT屏连接部分,功能:
①显示数据传递
②触摸数据传递
本章只讲述显示部分
二、LCD 驱动部分调试
LCD这部分,像上篇我们说的frambuffer这些部分一般平台都是可以用的,除非你是芯片厂的要写这部分。一般公司拿到的demo板子这部分都是通的,只是针对自己的lCD换一些参数。
下面我们针对三星平台我们调试LCD的时时候程序方面的改动:
1、屏参数的配置
/kernel/drivers/video/Samsung/s3cfb_wa101s.c(4412)
static struct s3cfb_lcd wa101 = { .width = 1280,//LCD 分辨率宽1280 .height = 800, //LCD 分辨率高 800 .bpp = 24,//CLD 数据位 24bit .freq = 60,//LCD 像素时钟 60MHz .timing = {//LCD porch无效值 .h_fp = 70, .h_bp = 70, .h_sw = 20, .v_fp = 10, .v_fpe = 0, .v_bp = 10, .v_bpe = 0, .v_sw = 3, }, .polarity = {//时钟、行场的极性; .rise_vclk = 1, .inv_hsync = 1, .inv_vsync = 1, .inv_vden = 0, }, }; /* name should be fixed as 's3cfb_set_lcd_info' */ void s3cfb_set_lcd_info(struct s3cfb_global *ctrl)//初始化结构体 { wa101.init_ldi = NULL; ctrl->lcd = &wa101; #endif }
还能想起上一篇的如何阅读规格书中的那些参数不,把这些填入就可以。
2、数据管脚初始化
kernel/arch/arm/mach-exynos/setup-fb-s5p.c(4412)
void s3cfb_cfg_gpio(struct platform_device *pdev) { s3cfb_gpio_setup_24bpp(EXYNOS4_GPF0(0), 8, S3C_GPIO_SFN(2), S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV4); s3cfb_gpio_setup_24bpp(EXYNOS4_GPF1(0), 8, S3C_GPIO_SFN(2), S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV4); s3cfb_gpio_setup_24bpp(EXYNOS4_GPF2(0), 8, S3C_GPIO_SFN(2), S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV4); s3cfb_gpio_setup_24bpp(EXYNOS4_GPF3(0), 4, S3C_GPIO_SFN(2), S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV4); }
kernel/arch/arm/mach-exynos/setup-fb-s5p.c
int s3cfb_clk_on(struct platform_device *pdev, struct clk **s3cfb_clk) { struct clk *sclk = NULL; struct clk *mout_mpll = NULL; struct clk *lcd_clk = NULL; u32 rate = 0; int ret = 0; lcd_clk = clk_get(&pdev->dev, "lcd"); if (IS_ERR(lcd_clk)) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get operation clk for fimd "); goto err_clk0; } ret = clk_enable(lcd_clk); if (ret < 0) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to clk_enable of lcd clk for fimd "); goto err_clk0; } clk_put(lcd_clk); sclk = clk_get(&pdev->dev, "sclk_fimd"); if (IS_ERR(sclk)) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get sclk for fimd "); goto err_clk1; } if (soc_is_exynos4210()) mout_mpll = clk_get(&pdev->dev, "mout_mpll"); else mout_mpll = clk_get(&pdev->dev, "mout_mpll_user"); if (IS_ERR(mout_mpll)) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get mout_mpll for fimd "); goto err_clk2; } ret = clk_set_parent(sclk, mout_mpll); if (ret < 0) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to clk_set_parent for fimd "); goto err_clk2; } if ((soc_is_exynos4412()) && (samsung_rev() >= EXYNOS4412_REV_2_0)) ret = clk_set_rate(sclk, 880000000); else ret = clk_set_rate(sclk, 800000000); if (ret < 0) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to clk_set_rate of sclk for fimd "); goto err_clk2; } dev_dbg(&pdev->dev, "set fimd sclk rate to %d ", rate); clk_put(mout_mpll); ret = clk_enable(sclk); if (ret < 0) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to clk_enable of sclk for fimd "); goto err_clk2; } *s3cfb_clk = sclk; return 0; err_clk2: clk_put(mout_mpll); err_clk1: clk_put(sclk); err_clk0: clk_put(lcd_clk); return -EINVAL; } int s3cfb_clk_off(struct platform_device *pdev, struct clk **clk) { struct clk *lcd_clk = NULL; lcd_clk = clk_get(&pdev->dev, "lcd"); if (IS_ERR(lcd_clk)) { printk(KERN_ERR "failed to get ip clk for fimd0 "); goto err_clk0; } clk_disable(lcd_clk); clk_put(lcd_clk); clk_disable(*clk); clk_put(*clk); *clk = NULL; return 0; err_clk0: clk_put(lcd_clk); return -EINVAL; } void s3cfb_get_clk_name(char *clk_name) { strcpy(clk_name, "sclk_fimd"); }
4、背光、LCD电压的控制
LCD_LED_EN |
LCD电压(TFT电压)使能 |
GPC1_2 |
LED_BL_EN |
LED背光使能 |
GPL2_4 |
int s3cfb_backlight_on(struct platform_device *pdev) { int err; pwm_set(); err = gpio_request_one(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4), GPIOF_OUT_INIT_HIGH, "GPL2_4"); if (err) { printk(KERN_ERR "failed to request GPL2 for " "lcd backlight control "); return err; } s3c_gpio_setpull(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4),S3C_GPIO_PULL_NONE); gpio_direction_output(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4), 1); gpio_free(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4)); mdelay(20); err = gpio_request_one(EXYNOS4_GPC1(2), GPIOF_OUT_INIT_HIGH, "GPC1_2"); if (err) { printk(KERN_ERR "failed to request GPC1 for " "lcd backlight control "); return err; } s3c_gpio_setpull(EXYNOS4_GPC1(2),S3C_GPIO_PULL_NONE); gpio_direction_output(EXYNOS4_GPC1(2), 0); gpio_free(EXYNOS4_GPC1(2)); mdelay(20); err = gpio_request(EXYNOS4_GPD0(1), "GPD0_1"); if (err) { printk(KERN_ERR "failed to request GPD0_1 for " "lcd pwm control "); return err; } s3c_gpio_setpull(EXYNOS4_GPD0(1),S3C_GPIO_PULL_NONE); s5p_gpio_set_drvstr(EXYNOS4_GPD0(1), S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV4); gpio_direction_output(EXYNOS4_GPD0(1), 1); s3c_gpio_cfgpin(EXYNOS4_GPD0(1), EXYNOS4_GPD_0_1_TOUT_1); gpio_free(EXYNOS4_GPD0(1)); mdelay(20); return 0; return 0; } int s3cfb_backlight_off(struct platform_device *pdev) { int err; err = gpio_request_one(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4), GPIOF_OUT_INIT_LOW, "GPL2_4"); if (err) { printk(KERN_ERR "failed to request GPL2 for " "lcd backlight control "); return err; } s3c_gpio_setpull(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4),S3C_GPIO_PULL_NONE); gpio_direction_output(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4), 0); gpio_free(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4)); err = gpio_request_one(EXYNOS4_GPC1(2), GPIOF_OUT_INIT_HIGH, "GPC1_2"); if (err) { printk(KERN_ERR "failed to request GPC1 for " "lcd backlight control "); return err; } gpio_free(EXYNOS4_GPC1(2)); return 0; }
5、PWM的设置
arch/arm/mach-exynos/mach-smdk4x12.c
Arch/arm/mach-exynos/mach-smdk4x12.c /* LCD Backlight data */ static struct samsung_bl_gpio_info smdk4x12_bl_gpio_info = { .no = EXYNOS4_GPD0(1),//PWM管脚XpwmTOUT1/LCD_PWM/GPD0_1 .func = S3C_GPIO_SFN(2), }; static struct platform_pwm_backlight_data smdk4x12_bl_data = { .pwm_id = 1,//PWM ID PWM编号为1号; .pwm_period_ns = 90000, //22k }; static void __init smdk4x12_machine_init(void) { ……………… samsung_bl_set(&smdk4x12_bl_gpio_info, &smdk4x12_bl_data);//在初始化的时候把对应的结构体初始化 ……………… }
samsung_bl_set看下这个函数的实现:
kernel/arch/arm/palt-samsung/dev-backlight.c
void samsung_bl_set(struct samsung_bl_gpio_info *gpio_info, struct platform_pwm_backlight_data *bl_data) { int ret = 0; struct platform_device *samsung_bl_device; struct platform_pwm_backlight_data *samsung_bl_data; samsung_bl_device = kmemdup(&samsung_dfl_bl_device, sizeof(struct platform_device), GFP_KERNEL);//(1)、分配内存空间; if (!samsung_bl_device) { printk(KERN_ERR "%s: no memory for platform dev ", __func__); return; } samsung_bl_data = s3c_set_platdata(&samsung_dfl_bl_data, sizeof(struct platform_pwm_backlight_data), samsung_bl_device);//(2)、 if (!samsung_bl_data) { printk(KERN_ERR "%s: no memory for platform dev ", __func__); goto err_data; } /* Copy board specific data provided by user */ samsung_bl_data->pwm_id = bl_data->pwm_id;//(3)、把具体配置的数据给samsung_bl_data samsung_bl_device->dev.parent = &s3c_device_timer[samsung_bl_data->pwm_id].dev; if (bl_data->max_brightness)//(4)、对bl_data的结构体检查,如果没有复制则用default的值 samsung_bl_data->max_brightness = bl_data->max_brightness; if (bl_data->dft_brightness) samsung_bl_data->dft_brightness = bl_data->dft_brightness; if (bl_data->lth_brightness) samsung_bl_data->lth_brightness = bl_data->lth_brightness; if (bl_data->pwm_period_ns) samsung_bl_data->pwm_period_ns = bl_data->pwm_period_ns; if (bl_data->init) samsung_bl_data->init = bl_data->init; if (bl_data->notify) samsung_bl_data->notify = bl_data->notify; if (bl_data->exit) samsung_bl_data->exit = bl_data->exit; if (bl_data->check_fb) samsung_bl_data->check_fb = bl_data->check_fb; /* Keep the GPIO info for future use */ s3c_device_timer[samsung_bl_data->pwm_id].dev.platform_data = gpio_info; /* Register the specific PWM timer dev for Backlight control */ ret = platform_device_register(//(5)、注册PWM设备驱动; &s3c_device_timer[samsung_bl_data->pwm_id]); if (ret) { printk(KERN_ERR "failed to register pwm timer for backlight: %d ", ret); goto err_plat_reg1; } /* Register the Backlight dev */ ret = platform_device_register(samsung_bl_device);//(6)、注册背光设备驱动; if (ret) { printk(KERN_ERR "failed to register backlight device: %d ", ret); goto err_plat_reg2; } return; err_plat_reg2://(7)、如果有异常的情况下退出; platform_device_unregister(&s3c_device_timer[samsung_bl_data->pwm_id]); err_plat_reg1: kfree(samsung_bl_data); err_data: kfree(samsung_bl_device); return; }
(1)、分配内存空间
samsung_bl_device = kmemdup(&samsung_dfl_bl_device, sizeof(struct platform_device), GFP_KERNEL); 其中: static struct platform_pwm_backlight_data samsung_dfl_bl_data = { .max_brightness = 255, .dft_brightness = 140, .pwm_period_ns = 78770, .init = samsung_bl_init, .exit = samsung_bl_exit, }; static struct platform_device samsung_dfl_bl_device = { .name = "pwm-backlight", };
(3)、把具体配置的数据给samsung_bl_data
arch/arm/mach-exynos/mach-smdk4x12.c static struct samsung_bl_gpio_info smdk4x12_bl_gpio_info = { .no = EXYNOS4_GPD0(1),//PWM管脚XpwmTOUT1/LCD_PWM/GPD0_1 .func = S3C_GPIO_SFN(2), }; static struct platform_pwm_backlight_data smdk4x12_bl_data = { .pwm_id = 1,//PWM ID PWM编号为1号; .pwm_period_ns = 90000, //22k };
(4)、对bl_data的结构体检查,如果没有复制则用default的值
参考(1)中的那些值。
(5)、注册PWM设备驱动;
ret = platform_device_register(
&s3c_device_timer[samsung_bl_data->pwm_id]);
其中s3c_device_timer[]这个结构体如下:
struct platform_device s3c_device_timer[] = { [0] = { DEFINE_S3C_TIMER(0, IRQ_TIMER0) }, [1] = { DEFINE_S3C_TIMER(1, IRQ_TIMER1) }, [2] = { DEFINE_S3C_TIMER(2, IRQ_TIMER2) }, [3] = { DEFINE_S3C_TIMER(3, IRQ_TIMER3) }, [4] = { DEFINE_S3C_TIMER(4, IRQ_TIMER4) },
我们饿samsung_bl_data->pwm_id=1;所以选择[1] = { DEFINE_S3C_TIMER(1, IRQ_TIMER1) },
(6)、注册背光设备驱动;
ret =platform_device_register(samsung_bl_device);
其中:samsung_bl_device
samsung_bl_data = s3c_set_platdata(&samsung_dfl_bl_data, sizeof(struct platform_pwm_backlight_data), samsung_bl_device);
(7)、如果有异常的情况下退出;
6、PWM_BL背光驱动分析:
Kernel/drivers/video/backlight/pwm_bl.c
(1)、驱动注册:
static struct platform_driver pwm_backlight_driver = { .driver = { .name = "pwm-backlight", .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, .probe = pwm_backlight_probe, .remove = pwm_backlight_remove, .suspend = pwm_backlight_suspend, .resume = pwm_backlight_resume, }; static int __init pwm_backlight_init(void) { return platform_driver_register(&pwm_backlight_driver); }
(2)、probe函数分析
static int pwm_backlight_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) { struct backlight_properties props; struct platform_pwm_backlight_data *data = pdev->dev.platform_data; struct backlight_device *bl; struct pwm_bl_data *pb; int ret; if (!data) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to find platform data "); return -EINVAL; } if (data->init) { ret = data->init(&pdev->dev); if (ret < 0) return ret; } pb = kzalloc(sizeof(*pb), GFP_KERNEL); if (!pb) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "no memory for state "); ret = -ENOMEM; goto err_alloc; } global_pb=pb; INIT_DELAYED_WORK_DEFERRABLE(&key_event, key_event_work);//1)、任务队列初始化; pb->period = data->pwm_period_ns;//2)、pb结构体初始化; pb->notify = data->notify; pb->check_fb = data->check_fb; pb->lth_brightness = data->lth_brightness * (data->pwm_period_ns / data->max_brightness); pb->dev = &pdev->dev; pb->pwm = pwm_request(data->pwm_id, "backlight"); if (IS_ERR(pb->pwm)) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "unable to request PWM for backlight "); ret = PTR_ERR(pb->pwm); goto err_pwm; } else dev_dbg(&pdev->dev, "got pwm for backlight "); memset(&props, 0, sizeof(struct backlight_properties)); props.type = BACKLIGHT_RAW; props.max_brightness = data->max_brightness; bl = backlight_device_register(dev_name(&pdev->dev), &pdev->dev, pb, &pwm_backlight_ops, &props); if (IS_ERR(bl)) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to register backlight "); ret = PTR_ERR(bl); goto err_bl; } global_bl=bl; bl->props.brightness = data->dft_brightness; backlight_update_status(bl);//3)、更新背光状态; platform_set_drvdata(pdev, bl); return 0; err_bl: pwm_free(pb->pwm); err_pwm: kfree(pb); err_alloc: if (data->exit) data->exit(&pdev->dev); return ret; }
1)、任务队列初始化;
把key_event_work加入key_event队列,
INIT_DELAYED_WORK_DEFERRABLE(&key_event, key_event_work);
队列调度函数:
static void key_event_work(struct work_struct *work) { global_pb->period=90000; global_bl->props.brightness=global_brightness; backlight_update_status(global_bl); return ; }
backlight_update_status
static inline void backlight_update_status(struct backlight_device *bd) { mutex_lock(&bd->update_lock); if (bd->ops && bd->ops->update_status) bd->ops->update_status(bd); mutex_unlock(&bd->update_lock); }
update_status在pwm_backlight_ops结构体重指定:
static const struct backlight_ops pwm_backlight_ops = { .update_status = pwm_backlight_update_status, …………}
pwm_backlight_update_status我们后面分析,这个其实就是我们PWM设定实现的具体实施过程。
2)、pb结构体初始化;
pb->period = data->pwm_period_ns; pb->notify = data->notify; pb->check_fb = data->check_fb; pb->lth_brightness = data->lth_brightness * (data->pwm_period_ns / data->max_brightness); pb->dev = &pdev->dev; pb->pwm = pwm_request(data->pwm_id, "backlight");
3)、更新背光状态
backlight_update_status(bl);
(4)、PWM_SET
当UI设置PWM时,会调用到驱动中的pwm_set(void)这个函数。这个函数主要在开机时使用。
int pwm_set(void) { int error; struct backlight_device *bl = global_bl; struct pwm_bl_data *pb = global_pb; printk("%s__%d ",__func__,pb->period); pb->period=410000; backlight_update_status(bl); schedule_delayed_work(&key_event, 600); //调用队列,跟新亮度信息; return 0; }
(5)、pwm_backlight_update_status这个就是PWM变化的具体实现,当应用层调节时,会调用到这个函数,把改变的值填入寄存器。
static int pwm_backlight_update_status(struct backlight_device *bl) { struct pwm_bl_data *pb = dev_get_drvdata(&bl->dev); int brightness = bl->props.brightness; int max = bl->props.max_brightness; //if(brightness==0) // return 0; //printk("#####%s#%d__%d ",__func__,pb->period,brightness); global_brightness=brightness; if (bl->props.power != FB_BLANK_UNBLANK) brightness = 0; if (bl->props.fb_blank != FB_BLANK_UNBLANK) brightness = 0; if (pb->notify) brightness = pb->notify(pb->dev, brightness); if (brightness == 0) { pwm_config(pb->pwm, 0, pb->period); pwm_disable(pb->pwm); } else { #if 1 brightness = pb->lth_brightness + (brightness * (pb->period - pb->lth_brightness) / max); #else brightness = pb->lth_brightness + (((pb->period - pb->lth_brightness) / max) * brightness ); #endif pwm_config(pb->pwm, brightness, pb->period);//这里对PWM寄存器的具体操作; pwm_enable(pb->pwm); } return 0; }
三、LCD UBOOT下的控制(待整理…………)
LCD在UBOOT下的控制,这部分我们没做过,后面有机会做了再把这部分完善,或者找个机会把代码详细看看。
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