线段树
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一:线段树基本概念
1:概述
线段树,类似区间树,是一个完全二叉树,它在各个节点保存一条线段(数组中的一段子数组),主要用于高效解决连续区间的动态查询问题,由于二叉结构的特性,它基本能保持每个操作的复杂度为O(lgN)!
性质:父亲的区间是[a,b],(c=(a+b)/2)左儿子的区间是[a,c],右儿子的区间是[c+1,b],线段树需要的空间为数组大小的四倍
2:基本操作(demo用的是查询区间最小值)
线段树的主要操作有:
(1):线段树的构造 void build(int node, int begin, int end);
主要思想是递归构造,如果当前节点记录的区间只有一个值,则直接赋值,否则递归构造左右子树,最后回溯的时候给当前节点赋值
- #include <iostream>
- using namespace std;
- const int maxind = 256;
- int segTree[maxind * 4 + 10];
- int array[maxind];
- /* 构造函数,得到线段树 */
- void build(int node, int begin, int end)
- {
- if (begin == end)
- segTree[node] = array[begin]; /* 只有一个元素,节点记录该单元素 */
- else
- {
- /* 递归构造左右子树 */
- build(2*node, begin, (begin+end)/2);
- build(2*node+1, (begin+end)/2+1, end);
- /* 回溯时得到当前node节点的线段信息 */
- if (segTree[2 * node] <= segTree[2 * node + 1])
- segTree[node] = segTree[2 * node];
- else
- segTree[node] = segTree[2 * node + 1];
- }
- }
- int main()
- {
- array[0] = 1, array[1] = 2,array[2] = 2, array[3] = 4, array[4] = 1, array[5] = 3;
- build(1, 0, 5);
- for(int i = 1; i<=20; ++i)
- cout<< "seg"<< i << "=" <<segTree[i] <<endl;
- return 0;
- }
#include <iostream> using namespace std; const int maxind = 256; int segTree[maxind * 4 + 10]; int array[maxind]; /* 构造函数,得到线段树 */ void build(int node, int begin, int end) { if (begin == end) segTree[node] = array[begin]; /* 只有一个元素,节点记录该单元素 */ else { /* 递归构造左右子树 */ build(2*node, begin, (begin+end)/2); build(2*node+1, (begin+end)/2+1, end); /* 回溯时得到当前node节点的线段信息 */ if (segTree[2 * node] <= segTree[2 * node + 1]) segTree[node] = segTree[2 * node]; else segTree[node] = segTree[2 * node + 1]; } } int main() { array[0] = 1, array[1] = 2,array[2] = 2, array[3] = 4, array[4] = 1, array[5] = 3; build(1, 0, 5); for(int i = 1; i<=20; ++i) cout<< "seg"<< i << "=" <<segTree[i] <<endl; return 0; }此build构造成的树如图:
(2):区间查询int query(int node, int begin, int end, int left, int right);
(其中node为当前查询节点,begin,end为当前节点存储的区间,left,right为此次query所要查询的区间)
主要思想是把所要查询的区间[a,b]划分为线段树上的节点,然后将这些节点代表的区间合并起来得到所需信息
比如前面一个图中所示的树,如果询问区间是[0,2],或者询问的区间是[3,3],不难直接找到对应的节点回答这一问题。但并不是所有的提问都这么容易回答,比如[0,3],就没有哪一个节点记录了这个区间的最小值。当然,解决方法也不难找到:把[0,2]和[3,3]两个区间(它们在整数意义上是相连的两个区间)的最小值“合并”起来,也就是求这两个最小值的最小值,就能求出[0,3]范围的最小值。同理,对于其他询问的区间,也都可以找到若干个相连的区间,合并后可以得到询问的区间。
- int query(int node, int begin, int end, int left, int right)
- {
- int p1, p2;
- /* 查询区间和要求的区间没有交集 */
- if (left > end || right < begin)
- return -1;
- /* if the current interval is included in */
- /* the query interval return segTree[node] */
- if (begin >= left && end <= right)
- return segTree[node];
- /* compute the minimum position in the */
- /* left and right part of the interval */
- p1 = query(2 * node, begin, (begin + end) / 2, left, right);
- p2 = query(2 * node + 1, (begin + end) / 2 + 1, end, left, right);
- /* return the expect value */
- if (p1 == -1)
- return p2;
- if (p2 == -1)
- return p1;
- if (p1 <= p2)
- return p1;
- return p2;
- }
int query(int node, int begin, int end, int left, int right) { int p1, p2; /* 查询区间和要求的区间没有交集 */ if (left > end || right < begin) return -1; /* if the current interval is included in */ /* the query interval return segTree[node] */ if (begin >= left && end <= right) return segTree[node]; /* compute the minimum position in the */ /* left and right part of the interval */ p1 = query(2 * node, begin, (begin + end) / 2, left, right); p2 = query(2 * node + 1, (begin + end) / 2 + 1, end, left, right); /* return the expect value */ if (p1 == -1) return p2; if (p2 == -1) return p1; if (p1 <= p2) return p1; return p2; }
int node, int begin, int end, int ind, int add)/*单节点更新*/
- {
- if( begin == end )
- {
- segTree[node] += add;
- return ;
- }
- int m = ( left + right ) >> 1;
- if(ind <= m)
- Updata(node * 2,left, m, ind, add);
- else
- Updata(node * 2 + 1, m + 1, right, ind, add);
- /*回溯更新父节点*/
- segTree[node] = min(segTree[node * 2], segTree[node * 2 + 1]);
- }
void Updata(int node, int begin, int end, int ind, int add)/*单节点更新*/ { if( begin == end ) { segTree[node] += add; return ; } int m = ( left + right ) >> 1; if(ind <= m) Updata(node * 2,left, m, ind, add); else Updata(node * 2 + 1, m + 1, right, ind, add); /*回溯更新父节点*/ segTree[node] = min(segTree[node * 2], segTree[node * 2 + 1]); }
b:区间更新(线段树中最有用的)
需要用到延迟标记,每个结点新增加一个标记,记录这个结点是否被进行了某种修改操作(这种修改操作会影响其子结点)。对于任意区间的修改,我们先按照查询的方式将其划分成线段树中的结点,然后修改这些结点的信息,并给这些结点标上代表这种修改操作的标记。在修改和查询的时候,如果我们到了一个结点p,并且决定考虑其子结点,那么我们就要看看结点p有没有标记,如果有,就要按照标记修改其子结点的信息,并且给子结点都标上相同的标记,同时消掉p的标记。(优点在于,不用将区间内的所有值都暴力更新,大大提高效率,因此区间更新是最优用的操作)
void Change来自dongxicheng.org
- void Change(node *p, int a, int b) /* 当前考察结点为p,修改区间为(a,b]*/
- {
- if (a <= p->Left && p->Right <= b)
- /* 如果当前结点的区间包含在修改区间内*/
- {
- ...... /* 修改当前结点的信息,并标上标记*/
- return;
- }
- Push_Down(p); /* 把当前结点的标记向下传递*/
- int mid = (p->Left + p->Right) / 2; /* 计算左右子结点的分隔点
- if (a < mid) Change(p->Lch, a, b); /* 和左孩子有交集,考察左子结点*/
- if (b > mid) Change(p->Rch, a, b); /* 和右孩子有交集,考察右子结点*/
- Update(p); /* 维护当前结点的信息(因为其子结点的信息可能有更改)*/
- }
void Change(node *p, int a, int b) /* 当前考察结点为p,修改区间为(a,b]*/ { if (a <= p->Left && p->Right <= b) /* 如果当前结点的区间包含在修改区间内*/ { ...... /* 修改当前结点的信息,并标上标记*/ return; } Push_Down(p); /* 把当前结点的标记向下传递*/ int mid = (p->Left + p->Right) / 2; /* 计算左右子结点的分隔点 if (a < mid) Change(p->Lch, a, b); /* 和左孩子有交集,考察左子结点*/ if (b > mid) Change(p->Rch, a, b); /* 和右孩子有交集,考察右子结点*/ Update(p); /* 维护当前结点的信息(因为其子结点的信息可能有更改)*/ }
3:主要应用
(1):区间最值查询问题 (见模板1)
(2):连续区间修改或者单节点更新的动态查询问题 (见模板2)
(3):多维空间的动态查询 (见模板3)
二:典型模板
模板1:
RMQ,查询区间最值下标---min
- #include<iostream>
- using namespace std;
- #define MAXN 100
- #define MAXIND 256 //线段树节点个数
- //构建线段树,目的:得到M数组.
- void build(int node, int b, int e, int M[], int A[])
- {
- if (b == e)
- M[node] = b; //只有一个元素,只有一个下标
- else
- {
- build(2 * node, b, (b + e) / 2, M, A);
- build(2 * node + 1, (b + e) / 2 + 1, e, M, A);
- if (A[M[2 * node]] <= A[M[2 * node + 1]])
- M[node] = M[2 * node];
- else
- M[node] = M[2 * node + 1];
- }
- }
- //找出区间 [i, j] 上的最小值的索引
- int query(int node, int b, int e, int M[], int A[], int i, int j)
- {
- int p1, p2;
- //查询区间和要求的区间没有交集
- if (i > e || j < b)
- return -1;
- if (b >= i && e <= j)
- return M[node];
- p1 = query(2 * node, b, (b + e) / 2, M, A, i, j);
- p2 = query(2 * node + 1, (b + e) / 2 + 1, e, M, A, i, j);
- //return the position where the overall
- //minimum is
- if (p1 == -1)
- return M[node] = p2;
- if (p2 == -1)
- return M[node] = p1;
- if (A[p1] <= A[p2])
- return M[node] = p1;
- return M[node] = p2;
- }
- int main()
- {
- int M[MAXIND]; //下标1起才有意义,否则不是二叉树,保存下标编号节点对应区间最小值的下标.
- memset(M,-1,sizeof(M));
- int a[]={3,4,5,7,2,1,0,3,4,5};
- build(1, 0, sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0])-1, M, a);
- cout<<query(1, 0, sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0])-1, M, a, 0, 5)<<endl;
- return 0;
- }
#include<iostream> using namespace std; #define MAXN 100 #define MAXIND 256 //线段树节点个数 //构建线段树,目的:得到M数组. void build(int node, int b, int e, int M[], int A[]) { if (b == e) M[node] = b; //只有一个元素,只有一个下标 else { build(2 * node, b, (b + e) / 2, M, A); build(2 * node + 1, (b + e) / 2 + 1, e, M, A); if (A[M[2 * node]] <= A[M[2 * node + 1]]) M[node] = M[2 * node]; else M[node] = M[2 * node + 1]; } } //找出区间 [i, j] 上的最小值的索引 int query(int node, int b, int e, int M[], int A[], int i, int j) { int p1, p2; //查询区间和要求的区间没有交集 if (i > e || j < b) return -1; if (b >= i && e <= j) return M[node]; p1 = query(2 * node, b, (b + e) / 2, M, A, i, j); p2 = query(2 * node + 1, (b + e) / 2 + 1, e, M, A, i, j); //return the position where the overall //minimum is if (p1 == -1) return M[node] = p2; if (p2 == -1) return M[node] = p1; if (A[p1] <= A[p2]) return M[node] = p1; return M[node] = p2; } int main() { int M[MAXIND]; //下标1起才有意义,否则不是二叉树,保存下标编号节点对应区间最小值的下标. memset(M,-1,sizeof(M)); int a[]={3,4,5,7,2,1,0,3,4,5}; build(1, 0, sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0])-1, M, a); cout<<query(1, 0, sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0])-1, M, a, 0, 5)<<endl; return 0; }
模板2:
连续区间修改或者单节点更新的动态查询问题 (此模板查询区间和)
- #include <cstdio>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- #define lson l , m , rt << 1
- #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
- #define root 1 , N , 1
- #define LL long long
- const int maxn = 111111;
- LL add[maxn<<2];
- LL sum[maxn<<2];
- void PushUp(int rt) {
- sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1];
- }
- void PushDown(int rt,int m) {
- if (add[rt]) {
- add[rt<<1] += add[rt];
- add[rt<<1|1] += add[rt];
- sum[rt<<1] += add[rt] * (m - (m >> 1));
- sum[rt<<1|1] += add[rt] * (m >> 1);
- add[rt] = 0;
- }
- }
- void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
- add[rt] = 0;
- if (l == r) {
- scanf("%lld",&sum[rt]);
- return ;
- }
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- build(lson);
- build(rson);
- PushUp(rt);
- }
- void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (L <= l && r <= R) {
- add[rt] += c;
- sum[rt] += (LL)c * (r - l + 1);
- return ;
- }
- PushDown(rt , r - l + 1);
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson);
- if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson);
- PushUp(rt);
- }
- LL query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (L <= l && r <= R) {
- return sum[rt];
- }
- PushDown(rt , r - l + 1);
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- LL ret = 0;
- if (L <= m) ret += query(L , R , lson);
- if (m < R) ret += query(L , R , rson);
- return ret;
- }
- int main() {
- int N , Q;
- scanf("%d%d",&N,&Q);
- build(root);
- while (Q --) {
- char op[2];
- int a , b , c;
- scanf("%s",op);
- if (op[0] == 'Q') {
- scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
- printf("%lld ",query(a , b ,root));
- } else {
- scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
- update(a , b , c , root);
- }
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include <cstdio> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; #define lson l , m , rt << 1 #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1 #define root 1 , N , 1 #define LL long long const int maxn = 111111; LL add[maxn<<2]; LL sum[maxn<<2]; void PushUp(int rt) { sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1]; } void PushDown(int rt,int m) { if (add[rt]) { add[rt<<1] += add[rt]; add[rt<<1|1] += add[rt]; sum[rt<<1] += add[rt] * (m - (m >> 1)); sum[rt<<1|1] += add[rt] * (m >> 1); add[rt] = 0; } } void build(int l,int r,int rt) { add[rt] = 0; if (l == r) { scanf("%lld",&sum[rt]); return ; } int m = (l + r) >> 1; build(lson); build(rson); PushUp(rt); } void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) { if (L <= l && r <= R) { add[rt] += c; sum[rt] += (LL)c * (r - l + 1); return ; } PushDown(rt , r - l + 1); int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson); if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson); PushUp(rt); } LL query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) { if (L <= l && r <= R) { return sum[rt]; } PushDown(rt , r - l + 1); int m = (l + r) >> 1; LL ret = 0; if (L <= m) ret += query(L , R , lson); if (m < R) ret += query(L , R , rson); return ret; } int main() { int N , Q; scanf("%d%d",&N,&Q); build(root); while (Q --) { char op[2]; int a , b , c; scanf("%s",op); if (op[0] == 'Q') { scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); printf("%lld ",query(a , b ,root)); } else { scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c); update(a , b , c , root); } } return 0; }
模板3:
多维空间的动态查询
三:练习题目
下面是hh线段树代码,典型练习哇~
在代码前先介绍一些我的线段树风格:
- maxn是题目给的最大区间,而节点数要开4倍,确切的来说节点数要开大于maxn的最小2x的两倍
- lson和rson分辨表示结点的左儿子和右儿子,由于每次传参数的时候都固定是这几个变量,所以可以用预定于比较方便的表示
- 以前的写法是另外开两个个数组记录每个结点所表示的区间,其实这个区间不必保存,一边算一边传下去就行,只需要写函数的时候多两个参数,结合lson和rson的预定义可以很方便
- PushUP(int rt)是把当前结点的信息更新到父结点
- PushDown(int rt)是把当前结点的信息更新给儿子结点
- rt表示当前子树的根(root),也就是当前所在的结点
整理这些题目后我觉得线段树的题目整体上可以分成以下四个部分:
单点更新:最最基础的线段树,只更新叶子节点,然后把信息用PushUP(int r)这个函数更新上来
- hdu1166 敌兵布阵
- 题意:O(-1)
- 思路:O(-1)
线段树功能:update:单点增减 query:区间求和
code:
- #include<cstring>
- #include<iostream>
- #define M 50005
- #define lson l,m,rt<<1
- #define rson m+1,r,rt<<1|1
- /*left,right,root,middle*/
- int sum[M<<2];
- inline void PushPlus(int rt)
- {
- sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1];
- }
- void Build(int l, int r, int rt)
- {
- if(l == r)
- {
- scanf("%d", &sum[rt]);
- return ;
- }
- int m = ( l + r )>>1;
- Build(lson);
- Build(rson);
- PushPlus(rt);
- }
- void Updata(int p, int add, int l, int r, int rt)
- {
- if( l == r )
- {
- sum[rt] += add;
- return ;
- }
- int m = ( l + r ) >> 1;
- if(p <= m)
- Updata(p, add, lson);
- else
- Updata(p, add, rson);
- PushPlus(rt);
- }
- int Query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt)
- {
- if( L <= l && r <= R )
- {
- return sum[rt];
- }
- int m = ( l + r ) >> 1;
- int ans=0;
- if(L<=m )
- ans+=Query(L,R,lson);
- if(R>m)
- ans+=Query(L,R,rson);
- return ans;
- }
- int main()
- {
- int T, n, a, b;
- scanf("%d",&T);
- for( int i = 1; i <= T; ++i )
- {
- printf("Case %d: ",i);
- scanf("%d",&n);
- Build(1,n,1);
- char op[10];
- while( scanf("%s",op) &&op[0]!='E' )
- {
- scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
- if(op[0] == 'Q')
- printf("%d ",Query(a,b,1,n,1));
- else if(op[0] == 'S')
- Updata(a,-b,1,n,1);
- else
- Updata(a,b,1,n,1);
- }
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include<cstring> #include<iostream> #define M 50005 #define lson l,m,rt<<1 #define rson m+1,r,rt<<1|1 /*left,right,root,middle*/ int sum[M<<2]; inline void PushPlus(int rt) { sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1]; } void Build(int l, int r, int rt) { if(l == r) { scanf("%d", &sum[rt]); return ; } int m = ( l + r )>>1; Build(lson); Build(rson); PushPlus(rt); } void Updata(int p, int add, int l, int r, int rt) { if( l == r ) { sum[rt] += add; return ; } int m = ( l + r ) >> 1; if(p <= m) Updata(p, add, lson); else Updata(p, add, rson); PushPlus(rt); } int Query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) { if( L <= l && r <= R ) { return sum[rt]; } int m = ( l + r ) >> 1; int ans=0; if(L<=m ) ans+=Query(L,R,lson); if(R>m) ans+=Query(L,R,rson); return ans; } int main() { int T, n, a, b; scanf("%d",&T); for( int i = 1; i <= T; ++i ) { printf("Case %d: ",i); scanf("%d",&n); Build(1,n,1); char op[10]; while( scanf("%s",op) &&op[0]!='E' ) { scanf("%d %d", &a, &b); if(op[0] == 'Q') printf("%d ",Query(a,b,1,n,1)); else if(op[0] == 'S') Updata(a,-b,1,n,1); else Updata(a,b,1,n,1); } } return 0; }
hdu1754 I Hate It
题意:O(-1)
思路:O(-1)
线段树功能:update:单点替换 query:区间最值
- #include <cstdio>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- #define lson l , m , rt << 1
- #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
- const int maxn = 222222;
- int MAX[maxn<<2];
- void PushUP(int rt) {
- MAX[rt] = max(MAX[rt<<1] , MAX[rt<<1|1]);
- }
- void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (l == r) {
- scanf("%d",&MAX[rt]);
- return ;
- }
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- build(lson);
- build(rson);
- PushUP(rt);
- }
- void update(int p,int sc,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (l == r) {
- MAX[rt] = sc;
- return ;
- }
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (p <= m) update(p , sc , lson);
- else update(p , sc , rson);
- PushUP(rt);
- }
- int query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (L <= l && r <= R) {
- return MAX[rt];
- }
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- int ret = 0;
- if (L <= m) ret = max(ret , query(L , R , lson));
- if (R > m) ret = max(ret , query(L , R , rson));
- return ret;
- }
- int main() {
- int n , m;
- while (~scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)) {
- build(1 , n , 1);
- while (m --) {
- char op[2];
- int a , b;
- scanf("%s%d%d",op,&a,&b);
- if (op[0] == 'Q') printf("%d ",query(a , b , 1 , n , 1));
- else update(a , b , 1 , n , 1);
- }
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include <cstdio> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; #define lson l , m , rt << 1 #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1 const int maxn = 222222; int MAX[maxn<<2]; void PushUP(int rt) { MAX[rt] = max(MAX[rt<<1] , MAX[rt<<1|1]); } void build(int l,int r,int rt) { if (l == r) { scanf("%d",&MAX[rt]); return ; } int m = (l + r) >> 1; build(lson); build(rson); PushUP(rt); } void update(int p,int sc,int l,int r,int rt) { if (l == r) { MAX[rt] = sc; return ; } int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (p <= m) update(p , sc , lson); else update(p , sc , rson); PushUP(rt); } int query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) { if (L <= l && r <= R) { return MAX[rt]; } int m = (l + r) >> 1; int ret = 0; if (L <= m) ret = max(ret , query(L , R , lson)); if (R > m) ret = max(ret , query(L , R , rson)); return ret; } int main() { int n , m; while (~scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)) { build(1 , n , 1); while (m --) { char op[2]; int a , b; scanf("%s%d%d",op,&a,&b); if (op[0] == 'Q') printf("%d ",query(a , b , 1 , n , 1)); else update(a , b , 1 , n , 1); } } return 0; }
hdu1394 Minimum Inversion Number
题意:求Inversion后的最小逆序数
思路:用O(nlogn)复杂度求出最初逆序数后,就可以用O(1)的复杂度分别递推出其他解
线段树功能:update:单点增减 query:区间求和
- #include <cstdio>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- #define lson l , m , rt << 1
- #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
- const int maxn = 5555;
- int sum[maxn<<2];
- void PushUP(int rt) {
- sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1];
- }
- void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
- sum[rt] = 0;
- if (l == r) return ;
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- build(lson);
- build(rson);
- }
- void update(int p,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (l == r) {
- sum[rt] ++;
- return ;
- }
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (p <= m) update(p , lson);
- else update(p , rson);
- PushUP(rt);
- }
- int query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (L <= l && r <= R) {
- return sum[rt];
- }
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- int ret = 0;
- if (L <= m) ret += query(L , R , lson);
- if (R > m) ret += query(L , R , rson);
- return ret;
- }
- int x[maxn];
- int main() {
- int n;
- while (~scanf("%d",&n)) {
- build(0 , n - 1 , 1);
- int sum = 0;
- for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) {
- scanf("%d",&x[i]);
- sum += query(x[i] , n - 1 , 0 , n - 1 , 1);
- update(x[i] , 0 , n - 1 , 1);
- }
- int ret = sum;
- for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) {
- sum += n - x[i] - x[i] - 1;
- ret = min(ret , sum);
- }
- printf("%d ",ret);
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include <cstdio> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; #define lson l , m , rt << 1 #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1 const int maxn = 5555; int sum[maxn<<2]; void PushUP(int rt) { sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1]; } void build(int l,int r,int rt) { sum[rt] = 0; if (l == r) return ; int m = (l + r) >> 1; build(lson); build(rson); } void update(int p,int l,int r,int rt) { if (l == r) { sum[rt] ++; return ; } int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (p <= m) update(p , lson); else update(p , rson); PushUP(rt); } int query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) { if (L <= l && r <= R) { return sum[rt]; } int m = (l + r) >> 1; int ret = 0; if (L <= m) ret += query(L , R , lson); if (R > m) ret += query(L , R , rson); return ret; } int x[maxn]; int main() { int n; while (~scanf("%d",&n)) { build(0 , n - 1 , 1); int sum = 0; for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) { scanf("%d",&x[i]); sum += query(x[i] , n - 1 , 0 , n - 1 , 1); update(x[i] , 0 , n - 1 , 1); } int ret = sum; for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) { sum += n - x[i] - x[i] - 1; ret = min(ret , sum); } printf("%d ",ret); } return 0; }
hdu2795 Billboard
题意:h*w的木板,放进一些1*L的物品,求每次放空间能容纳且最上边的位子
思路:每次找到最大值的位子,然后减去L
线段树功能:query:区间求最大值的位子(直接把update的操作在query里做了)
- #include <cstdio>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- #define lson l , m , rt << 1
- #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
- const int maxn = 222222;
- int h , w , n;
- int MAX[maxn<<2];
- void PushUP(int rt) {
- MAX[rt] = max(MAX[rt<<1] , MAX[rt<<1|1]);
- }
- void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
- MAX[rt] = w;
- if (l == r) return ;
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- build(lson);
- build(rson);
- }
- int query(int x,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (l == r) {
- MAX[rt] -= x;
- return l;
- }
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- int ret = (MAX[rt<<1] >= x) ? query(x , lson) : query(x , rson);
- PushUP(rt);
- return ret;
- }
- int main() {
- while (~scanf("%d%d%d",&h,&w,&n)) {
- if (h > n) h = n;
- build(1 , h , 1);
- while (n --) {
- int x;
- scanf("%d",&x);
- if (MAX[1] < x) puts("-1");
- else printf("%d ",query(x , 1 , h , 1));
- }
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include <cstdio> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; #define lson l , m , rt << 1 #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1 const int maxn = 222222; int h , w , n; int MAX[maxn<<2]; void PushUP(int rt) { MAX[rt] = max(MAX[rt<<1] , MAX[rt<<1|1]); } void build(int l,int r,int rt) { MAX[rt] = w; if (l == r) return ; int m = (l + r) >> 1; build(lson); build(rson); } int query(int x,int l,int r,int rt) { if (l == r) { MAX[rt] -= x; return l; } int m = (l + r) >> 1; int ret = (MAX[rt<<1] >= x) ? query(x , lson) : query(x , rson); PushUP(rt); return ret; } int main() { while (~scanf("%d%d%d",&h,&w,&n)) { if (h > n) h = n; build(1 , h , 1); while (n --) { int x; scanf("%d",&x); if (MAX[1] < x) puts("-1"); else printf("%d ",query(x , 1 , h , 1)); } } return 0; }
成段更新(通常这对初学者来说是一道坎),需要用到延迟标记(或者说懒惰标记),简单来说就是每次更新的时候不要更新到底,用延迟标记使得更新延迟到下次需要更新or询问到的时候
题意:O(-1)
思路:O(-1)
线段树功能:update:成段替换 (由于只query一次总区间,所以可以直接输出1结点的信息)
- #include <cstdio>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- #define lson l , m , rt << 1
- #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
- const int maxn = 111111;
- int h , w , n;
- int col[maxn<<2];
- int sum[maxn<<2];
- void PushUp(int rt) {
- sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1];
- }
- void PushDown(int rt,int m) {
- if (col[rt]) {
- col[rt<<1] = col[rt<<1|1] = col[rt];
- sum[rt<<1] = (m - (m >> 1)) * col[rt];
- sum[rt<<1|1] = (m >> 1) * col[rt];
- col[rt] = 0;
- }
- }
- void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
- col[rt] = 0;
- sum[rt] = 1;
- if (l == r) return ;
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- build(lson);
- build(rson);
- PushUp(rt);
- }
- void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (L <= l && r <= R) {
- col[rt] = c;
- sum[rt] = c * (r - l + 1);
- return ;
- }
- PushDown(rt , r - l + 1);
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson);
- if (R > m) update(L , R , c , rson);
- PushUp(rt);
- }
- int main() {
- int T , n , m;
- scanf("%d",&T);
- for (int cas = 1 ; cas <= T ; cas ++) {
- scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
- build(1 , n , 1);
- while (m --) {
- int a , b , c;
- scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
- update(a , b , c , 1 , n , 1);
- }
- printf("Case %d: The total value of the hook is %d. ",cas , sum[1]);
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include <cstdio> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; #define lson l , m , rt << 1 #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1 const int maxn = 111111; int h , w , n; int col[maxn<<2]; int sum[maxn<<2]; void PushUp(int rt) { sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1]; } void PushDown(int rt,int m) { if (col[rt]) { col[rt<<1] = col[rt<<1|1] = col[rt]; sum[rt<<1] = (m - (m >> 1)) * col[rt]; sum[rt<<1|1] = (m >> 1) * col[rt]; col[rt] = 0; } } void build(int l,int r,int rt) { col[rt] = 0; sum[rt] = 1; if (l == r) return ; int m = (l + r) >> 1; build(lson); build(rson); PushUp(rt); } void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) { if (L <= l && r <= R) { col[rt] = c; sum[rt] = c * (r - l + 1); return ; } PushDown(rt , r - l + 1); int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson); if (R > m) update(L , R , c , rson); PushUp(rt); } int main() { int T , n , m; scanf("%d",&T); for (int cas = 1 ; cas <= T ; cas ++) { scanf("%d%d",&n,&m); build(1 , n , 1); while (m --) { int a , b , c; scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c); update(a , b , c , 1 , n , 1); } printf("Case %d: The total value of the hook is %d. ",cas , sum[1]); } return 0; }
poj3468 A Simple Problem with Integers
题意:O(-1)
思路:O(-1)
线段树功能:update:成段增减 query:区间求和
- #include <cstdio>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- #define lson l , m , rt << 1
- #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
- #define LL long long
- const int maxn = 111111;
- LL add[maxn<<2];
- LL sum[maxn<<2];
- void PushUp(int rt) {
- sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1];
- }
- void PushDown(int rt,int m) {
- if (add[rt]) {
- add[rt<<1] += add[rt];
- add[rt<<1|1] += add[rt];
- sum[rt<<1] += add[rt] * (m - (m >> 1));
- sum[rt<<1|1] += add[rt] * (m >> 1);
- add[rt] = 0;
- }
- }
- void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
- add[rt] = 0;
- if (l == r) {
- scanf("%lld",&sum[rt]);
- return ;
- }
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- build(lson);
- build(rson);
- PushUp(rt);
- }
- void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (L <= l && r <= R) {
- add[rt] += c;
- sum[rt] += (LL)c * (r - l + 1);
- return ;
- }
- PushDown(rt , r - l + 1);
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson);
- if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson);
- PushUp(rt);
- }
- LL query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (L <= l && r <= R) {
- return sum[rt];
- }
- PushDown(rt , r - l + 1);
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- LL ret = 0;
- if (L <= m) ret += query(L , R , lson);
- if (m < R) ret += query(L , R , rson);
- return ret;
- }
- int main() {
- int N , Q;
- scanf("%d%d",&N,&Q);
- build(1 , N , 1);
- while (Q --) {
- char op[2];
- int a , b , c;
- scanf("%s",op);
- if (op[0] == 'Q') {
- scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
- printf("%lld ",query(a , b , 1 , N , 1));
- } else {
- scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
- update(a , b , c , 1 , N , 1);
- }
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include <cstdio> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; #define lson l , m , rt << 1 #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1 #define LL long long const int maxn = 111111; LL add[maxn<<2]; LL sum[maxn<<2]; void PushUp(int rt) { sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1]; } void PushDown(int rt,int m) { if (add[rt]) { add[rt<<1] += add[rt]; add[rt<<1|1] += add[rt]; sum[rt<<1] += add[rt] * (m - (m >> 1)); sum[rt<<1|1] += add[rt] * (m >> 1); add[rt] = 0; } } void build(int l,int r,int rt) { add[rt] = 0; if (l == r) { scanf("%lld",&sum[rt]); return ; } int m = (l + r) >> 1; build(lson); build(rson); PushUp(rt); } void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) { if (L <= l && r <= R) { add[rt] += c; sum[rt] += (LL)c * (r - l + 1); return ; } PushDown(rt , r - l + 1); int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson); if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson); PushUp(rt); } LL query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) { if (L <= l && r <= R) { return sum[rt]; } PushDown(rt , r - l + 1); int m = (l + r) >> 1; LL ret = 0; if (L <= m) ret += query(L , R , lson); if (m < R) ret += query(L , R , rson); return ret; } int main() { int N , Q; scanf("%d%d",&N,&Q); build(1 , N , 1); while (Q --) { char op[2]; int a , b , c; scanf("%s",op); if (op[0] == 'Q') { scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); printf("%lld ",query(a , b , 1 , N , 1)); } else { scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c); update(a , b , c , 1 , N , 1); } } return 0; }
poj2528 Mayor’s posters
题意:在墙上贴海报,海报可以互相覆盖,问最后可以看见几张海报
思路:这题数据范围很大,直接搞超时+超内存,需要离散化:
离散化简单的来说就是只取我们需要的值来用,比如说区间[1000,2000],[1990,2012] 我们用不到[-∞,999][1001,1989][1991,1999][2001,2011][2013,+∞]这些值,所以我只需要1000,1990,2000,2012就够了,将其分别映射到0,1,2,3,在于复杂度就大大的降下来了
所以离散化要保存所有需要用到的值,排序后,分别映射到1~n,这样复杂度就会小很多很多
而这题的难点在于每个数字其实表示的是一个单位长度(并非一个点),这样普通的离散化会造成许多错误(包括我以前的代码,poj这题数据奇弱)
给出下面两个简单的例子应该能体现普通离散化的缺陷:
例子一:1-10 1-4 5-10
例子二:1-10 1-4 6-10
普通离散化后都变成了[1,4][1,2][3,4]
线段2覆盖了[1,2],线段3覆盖了[3,4],那么线段1是否被完全覆盖掉了呢?
例子一是完全被覆盖掉了,而例子二没有被覆盖
为了解决这种缺陷,我们可以在排序后的数组上加些处理,比如说[1,2,6,10]
如果相邻数字间距大于1的话,在其中加上任意一个数字,比如加成[1,2,3,6,7,10],然后再做线段树就好了.
线段树功能:update:成段替换 query:简单hash
- #include <cstdio>
- #include <cstring>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- #define lson l , m , rt << 1
- #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
- const int maxn = 11111;
- bool hash[maxn];
- int li[maxn] , ri[maxn];
- int X[maxn*3];
- int col[maxn<<4];
- int cnt;
- void PushDown(int rt) {
- if (col[rt] != -1) {
- col[rt<<1] = col[rt<<1|1] = col[rt];
- col[rt] = -1;
- }
- }
- void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (L <= l && r <= R) {
- col[rt] = c;
- return ;
- }
- PushDown(rt);
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson);
- if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson);
- }
- void query(int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (col[rt] != -1) {
- if (!hash[col[rt]]) cnt ++;
- hash[ col[rt] ] = true;
- return ;
- }
- if (l == r) return ;
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- query(lson);
- query(rson);
- }
- int Bin(int key,int n,int X[]) {
- int l = 0 , r = n - 1;
- while (l <= r) {
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (X[m] == key) return m;
- if (X[m] < key) l = m + 1;
- else r = m - 1;
- }
- return -1;
- }
- int main() {
- int T , n;
- scanf("%d",&T);
- while (T --) {
- scanf("%d",&n);
- int nn = 0;
- for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) {
- scanf("%d%d",&li[i] , &ri[i]);
- X[nn++] = li[i];
- X[nn++] = ri[i];
- }
- sort(X , X + nn);
- int m = 1;
- for (int i = 1 ; i < nn; i ++) {
- if (X[i] != X[i-1]) X[m ++] = X[i];
- }
- for (int i = m - 1 ; i > 0 ; i --) {
- if (X[i] != X[i-1] + 1) X[m ++] = X[i-1] + 1;
- }
- sort(X , X + m);
- memset(col , -1 , sizeof(col));
- for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) {
- int l = Bin(li[i] , m , X);
- int r = Bin(ri[i] , m , X);
- update(l , r , i , 0 , m , 1);
- }
- cnt = 0;
- memset(hash , false , sizeof(hash));
- query(0 , m , 1);
- printf("%d ",cnt);
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; #define lson l , m , rt << 1 #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1 const int maxn = 11111; bool hash[maxn]; int li[maxn] , ri[maxn]; int X[maxn*3]; int col[maxn<<4]; int cnt; void PushDown(int rt) { if (col[rt] != -1) { col[rt<<1] = col[rt<<1|1] = col[rt]; col[rt] = -1; } } void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) { if (L <= l && r <= R) { col[rt] = c; return ; } PushDown(rt); int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson); if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson); } void query(int l,int r,int rt) { if (col[rt] != -1) { if (!hash[col[rt]]) cnt ++; hash[ col[rt] ] = true; return ; } if (l == r) return ; int m = (l + r) >> 1; query(lson); query(rson); } int Bin(int key,int n,int X[]) { int l = 0 , r = n - 1; while (l <= r) { int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (X[m] == key) return m; if (X[m] < key) l = m + 1; else r = m - 1; } return -1; } int main() { int T , n; scanf("%d",&T); while (T --) { scanf("%d",&n); int nn = 0; for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) { scanf("%d%d",&li[i] , &ri[i]); X[nn++] = li[i]; X[nn++] = ri[i]; } sort(X , X + nn); int m = 1; for (int i = 1 ; i < nn; i ++) { if (X[i] != X[i-1]) X[m ++] = X[i]; } for (int i = m - 1 ; i > 0 ; i --) { if (X[i] != X[i-1] + 1) X[m ++] = X[i-1] + 1; } sort(X , X + m); memset(col , -1 , sizeof(col)); for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) { int l = Bin(li[i] , m , X); int r = Bin(ri[i] , m , X); update(l , r , i , 0 , m , 1); } cnt = 0; memset(hash , false , sizeof(hash)); query(0 , m , 1); printf("%d ",cnt); } return 0; }
poj3225 Help with Intervals
题意:区间操作,交,并,补等
思路:
我们一个一个操作来分析:(用0和1表示是否包含区间,-1表示该区间内既有包含又有不包含)
U:把区间[l,r]覆盖成1
I:把[-∞,l)(r,∞]覆盖成0
D:把区间[l,r]覆盖成0
C:把[-∞,l)(r,∞]覆盖成0 , 且[l,r]区间0/1互换
S:[l,r]区间0/1互换
成段覆盖的操作很简单,比较特殊的就是区间0/1互换这个操作,我们可以称之为异或操作
很明显我们可以知道这个性质:当一个区间被覆盖后,不管之前有没有异或标记都没有意义了
所以当一个节点得到覆盖标记时把异或标记清空
而当一个节点得到异或标记的时候,先判断覆盖标记,如果是0或1,直接改变一下覆盖标记,不然的话改变异或标记
开区间闭区间只要数字乘以2就可以处理(偶数表示端点,奇数表示两端点间的区间)
线段树功能:update:成段替换,区间异或 query:简单hash
- #include <cstdio>
- #include <cstring>
- #include <cctype>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- #define lson l , m , rt << 1
- #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
- const int maxn = 131072;
- bool hash[maxn+1];
- int cover[maxn<<2];
- int XOR[maxn<<2];
- void FXOR(int rt) {
- if (cover[rt] != -1) cover[rt] ^= 1;
- else XOR[rt] ^= 1;
- }
- void PushDown(int rt) {
- if (cover[rt] != -1) {
- cover[rt<<1] = cover[rt<<1|1] = cover[rt];
- XOR[rt<<1] = XOR[rt<<1|1] = 0;
- cover[rt] = -1;
- }
- if (XOR[rt]) {
- FXOR(rt<<1);
- FXOR(rt<<1|1);
- XOR[rt] = 0;
- }
- }
- void update(char op,int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (L <= l && r <= R) {
- if (op == 'U') {
- cover[rt] = 1;
- XOR[rt] = 0;
- } else if (op == 'D') {
- cover[rt] = 0;
- XOR[rt] = 0;
- } else if (op == 'C' || op == 'S') {
- FXOR(rt);
- }
- return ;
- }
- PushDown(rt);
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (L <= m) update(op , L , R , lson);
- else if (op == 'I' || op == 'C') {
- XOR[rt<<1] = cover[rt<<1] = 0;
- }
- if (m < R) update(op , L , R , rson);
- else if (op == 'I' || op == 'C') {
- XOR[rt<<1|1] = cover[rt<<1|1] = 0;
- }
- }
- void query(int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (cover[rt] == 1) {
- for (int it = l ; it <= r ; it ++) {
- hash[it] = true;
- }
- return ;
- } else if (cover[rt] == 0) return ;
- if (l == r) return ;
- PushDown(rt);
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- query(lson);
- query(rson);
- }
- int main() {
- cover[1] = XOR[1] = 0;
- char op , l , r;
- int a , b;
- while ( ~scanf("%c %c%d,%d%c ",&op , &l , &a , &b , &r) ) {
- a <<= 1 , b <<= 1;
- if (l == '(') a ++;
- if (r == ')') b --;
- if (a > b) {
- if (op == 'C' || op == 'I') {
- cover[1] = XOR[1] = 0;
- }
- } else update(op , a , b , 0 , maxn , 1);
- }
- query(0 , maxn , 1);
- bool flag = false;
- int s = -1 , e;
- for (int i = 0 ; i <= maxn ; i ++) {
- if (hash[i]) {
- if (s == -1) s = i;
- e = i;
- } else {
- if (s != -1) {
- if (flag) printf(" ");
- flag = true;
- printf("%c%d,%d%c",s&1?'(':'[' , s>>1 , (e+1)>>1 , e&1?')':']');
- s = -1;
- }
- }
- }
- if (!flag) printf("empty set");
- puts("");
- return 0;
- }
#include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <cctype> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; #define lson l , m , rt << 1 #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1 const int maxn = 131072; bool hash[maxn+1]; int cover[maxn<<2]; int XOR[maxn<<2]; void FXOR(int rt) { if (cover[rt] != -1) cover[rt] ^= 1; else XOR[rt] ^= 1; } void PushDown(int rt) { if (cover[rt] != -1) { cover[rt<<1] = cover[rt<<1|1] = cover[rt]; XOR[rt<<1] = XOR[rt<<1|1] = 0; cover[rt] = -1; } if (XOR[rt]) { FXOR(rt<<1); FXOR(rt<<1|1); XOR[rt] = 0; } } void update(char op,int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt) { if (L <= l && r <= R) { if (op == 'U') { cover[rt] = 1; XOR[rt] = 0; } else if (op == 'D') { cover[rt] = 0; XOR[rt] = 0; } else if (op == 'C' || op == 'S') { FXOR(rt); } return ; } PushDown(rt); int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (L <= m) update(op , L , R , lson); else if (op == 'I' || op == 'C') { XOR[rt<<1] = cover[rt<<1] = 0; } if (m < R) update(op , L , R , rson); else if (op == 'I' || op == 'C') { XOR[rt<<1|1] = cover[rt<<1|1] = 0; } } void query(int l,int r,int rt) { if (cover[rt] == 1) { for (int it = l ; it <= r ; it ++) { hash[it] = true; } return ; } else if (cover[rt] == 0) return ; if (l == r) return ; PushDown(rt); int m = (l + r) >> 1; query(lson); query(rson); } int main() { cover[1] = XOR[1] = 0; char op , l , r; int a , b; while ( ~scanf("%c %c%d,%d%c ",&op , &l , &a , &b , &r) ) { a <<= 1 , b <<= 1; if (l == '(') a ++; if (r == ')') b --; if (a > b) { if (op == 'C' || op == 'I') { cover[1] = XOR[1] = 0; } } else update(op , a , b , 0 , maxn , 1); } query(0 , maxn , 1); bool flag = false; int s = -1 , e; for (int i = 0 ; i <= maxn ; i ++) { if (hash[i]) { if (s == -1) s = i; e = i; } else { if (s != -1) { if (flag) printf(" "); flag = true; printf("%c%d,%d%c",s&1?'(':'[' , s>>1 , (e+1)>>1 , e&1?')':']'); s = -1; } } } if (!flag) printf("empty set"); puts(""); return 0; }练习
poj1436 Horizontally Visible Segments
poj2991 Crane
Another LCIS
Bracket Sequence
区间合并
题意:1 a:询问是不是有连续长度为a的空房间,有的话住进最左边
2 a b:将[a,a+b-1]的房间清空
思路:记录区间中最长的空房间
线段树操作:update:区间替换 query:询问满足条件的最左断点
- #include <cstdio>
- #include <cstring>
- #include <cctype>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- #define lson l , m , rt << 1
- #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
- const int maxn = 55555;
- int lsum[maxn<<2] , rsum[maxn<<2] , msum[maxn<<2];
- int cover[maxn<<2];
- void PushDown(int rt,int m) {
- if (cover[rt] != -1) {
- cover[rt<<1] = cover[rt<<1|1] = cover[rt];
- msum[rt<<1] = lsum[rt<<1] = rsum[rt<<1] = cover[rt] ? 0 : m - (m >> 1);
- msum[rt<<1|1] = lsum[rt<<1|1] = rsum[rt<<1|1] = cover[rt] ? 0 : (m >> 1);
- cover[rt] = -1;
- }
- }
- void PushUp(int rt,int m) {
- lsum[rt] = lsum[rt<<1];
- rsum[rt] = rsum[rt<<1|1];
- if (lsum[rt] == m - (m >> 1)) lsum[rt] += lsum[rt<<1|1];
- if (rsum[rt] == (m >> 1)) rsum[rt] += rsum[rt<<1];
- msum[rt] = max(lsum[rt<<1|1] + rsum[rt<<1] , max(msum[rt<<1] , msum[rt<<1|1]));
- }
- void build(int l,int r,int rt) {
- msum[rt] = lsum[rt] = rsum[rt] = r - l + 1;
- cover[rt] = -1;
- if (l == r) return ;
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- build(lson);
- build(rson);
- }
- void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (L <= l && r <= R) {
- msum[rt] = lsum[rt] = rsum[rt] = c ? 0 : r - l + 1;
- cover[rt] = c;
- return ;
- }
- PushDown(rt , r - l + 1);
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson);
- if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson);
- PushUp(rt , r - l + 1);
- }
- int query(int w,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (l == r) return l;
- PushDown(rt , r - l + 1);
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (msum[rt<<1] >= w) return query(w , lson);
- else if (rsum[rt<<1] + lsum[rt<<1|1] >= w) return m - rsum[rt<<1] + 1;
- return query(w , rson);
- }
- int main() {
- int n , m;
- scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
- build(1 , n , 1);
- while (m --) {
- int op , a , b;
- scanf("%d",&op);
- if (op == 1) {
- scanf("%d",&a);
- if (msum[1] < a) puts("0");
- else {
- int p = query(a , 1 , n , 1);
- printf("%d ",p);
- update(p , p + a - 1 , 1 , 1 , n , 1);
- }
- } else {
- scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
- update(a , a + b - 1 , 0 , 1 , n , 1);
- }
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <cctype> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; #define lson l , m , rt << 1 #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1 const int maxn = 55555; int lsum[maxn<<2] , rsum[maxn<<2] , msum[maxn<<2]; int cover[maxn<<2]; void PushDown(int rt,int m) { if (cover[rt] != -1) { cover[rt<<1] = cover[rt<<1|1] = cover[rt]; msum[rt<<1] = lsum[rt<<1] = rsum[rt<<1] = cover[rt] ? 0 : m - (m >> 1); msum[rt<<1|1] = lsum[rt<<1|1] = rsum[rt<<1|1] = cover[rt] ? 0 : (m >> 1); cover[rt] = -1; } } void PushUp(int rt,int m) { lsum[rt] = lsum[rt<<1]; rsum[rt] = rsum[rt<<1|1]; if (lsum[rt] == m - (m >> 1)) lsum[rt] += lsum[rt<<1|1]; if (rsum[rt] == (m >> 1)) rsum[rt] += rsum[rt<<1]; msum[rt] = max(lsum[rt<<1|1] + rsum[rt<<1] , max(msum[rt<<1] , msum[rt<<1|1])); } void build(int l,int r,int rt) { msum[rt] = lsum[rt] = rsum[rt] = r - l + 1; cover[rt] = -1; if (l == r) return ; int m = (l + r) >> 1; build(lson); build(rson); } void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) { if (L <= l && r <= R) { msum[rt] = lsum[rt] = rsum[rt] = c ? 0 : r - l + 1; cover[rt] = c; return ; } PushDown(rt , r - l + 1); int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson); if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson); PushUp(rt , r - l + 1); } int query(int w,int l,int r,int rt) { if (l == r) return l; PushDown(rt , r - l + 1); int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (msum[rt<<1] >= w) return query(w , lson); else if (rsum[rt<<1] + lsum[rt<<1|1] >= w) return m - rsum[rt<<1] + 1; return query(w , rson); } int main() { int n , m; scanf("%d%d",&n,&m); build(1 , n , 1); while (m --) { int op , a , b; scanf("%d",&op); if (op == 1) { scanf("%d",&a); if (msum[1] < a) puts("0"); else { int p = query(a , 1 , n , 1); printf("%d ",p); update(p , p + a - 1 , 1 , 1 , n , 1); } } else { scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); update(a , a + b - 1 , 0 , 1 , n , 1); } } return 0; }
练习
hdu3308 LCIS
hdu3397 Sequence operation
hdu2871 Memory Control
hdu1540 Tunnel Warfare
CF46-D Parking Lot
题意:矩形面积并
思路:浮点数先要离散化;然后把矩形分成两条边,上边和下边,对横轴建树,然后从下到上扫描上去,用cnt表示该区间下边比上边多几个,sum代表该区间内被覆盖的线段的长度总和
这里线段树的一个结点并非是线段的一个端点,而是该端点和下一个端点间的线段,所以题目中r+1,r-1的地方可以自己好好的琢磨一下
- #include <cstdio>
- #include <cstring>
- #include <cctype>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- #define lson l , m , rt << 1
- #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
- const int maxn = 2222;
- int cnt[maxn << 2];
- double sum[maxn << 2];
- double X[maxn];
- struct Seg {
- double h , l , r;
- int s;
- Seg(){}
- Seg(double a,double b,double c,int d) : l(a) , r(b) , h(c) , s(d) {}
- bool operator < (const Seg &cmp) const {
- return h < cmp.h;
- }
- }ss[maxn];
- void PushUp(int rt,int l,int r) {
- if (cnt[rt]) sum[rt] = X[r+1] - X[l];
- else if (l == r) sum[rt] = 0;
- else sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1];
- }
- void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (L <= l && r <= R) {
- cnt[rt] += c;
- PushUp(rt , l , r);
- return ;
- }
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson);
- if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson);
- PushUp(rt , l , r);
- }
- int Bin(double key,int n,double X[]) {
- int l = 0 , r = n - 1;
- while (l <= r) {
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (X[m] == key) return m;
- if (X[m] < key) l = m + 1;
- else r = m - 1;
- }
- return -1;
- }
- int main() {
- int n , cas = 1;
- while (~scanf("%d",&n) && n) {
- int m = 0;
- while (n --) {
- double a , b , c , d;
- scanf("%lf%lf%lf%lf",&a,&b,&c,&d);
- X[m] = a;
- ss[m++] = Seg(a , c , b , 1);
- X[m] = c;
- ss[m++] = Seg(a , c , d , -1);
- }
- sort(X , X + m);
- sort(ss , ss + m);
- int k = 1;
- for (int i = 1 ; i < m ; i ++) {
- if (X[i] != X[i-1]) X[k++] = X[i];
- }
- memset(cnt , 0 , sizeof(cnt));
- memset(sum , 0 , sizeof(sum));
- double ret = 0;
- for (int i = 0 ; i < m - 1 ; i ++) {
- int l = Bin(ss[i].l , k , X);
- int r = Bin(ss[i].r , k , X) - 1;
- if (l <= r) update(l , r , ss[i].s , 0 , k - 1, 1);
- ret += sum[1] * (ss[i+1].h - ss[i].h);
- }
- printf("Test case #%d Total explored area: %.2lf ",cas++ , ret);
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <cctype> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; #define lson l , m , rt << 1 #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1 const int maxn = 2222; int cnt[maxn << 2]; double sum[maxn << 2]; double X[maxn]; struct Seg { double h , l , r; int s; Seg(){} Seg(double a,double b,double c,int d) : l(a) , r(b) , h(c) , s(d) {} bool operator < (const Seg &cmp) const { return h < cmp.h; } }ss[maxn]; void PushUp(int rt,int l,int r) { if (cnt[rt]) sum[rt] = X[r+1] - X[l]; else if (l == r) sum[rt] = 0; else sum[rt] = sum[rt<<1] + sum[rt<<1|1]; } void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) { if (L <= l && r <= R) { cnt[rt] += c; PushUp(rt , l , r); return ; } int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson); if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson); PushUp(rt , l , r); } int Bin(double key,int n,double X[]) { int l = 0 , r = n - 1; while (l <= r) { int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (X[m] == key) return m; if (X[m] < key) l = m + 1; else r = m - 1; } return -1; } int main() { int n , cas = 1; while (~scanf("%d",&n) && n) { int m = 0; while (n --) { double a , b , c , d; scanf("%lf%lf%lf%lf",&a,&b,&c,&d); X[m] = a; ss[m++] = Seg(a , c , b , 1); X[m] = c; ss[m++] = Seg(a , c , d , -1); } sort(X , X + m); sort(ss , ss + m); int k = 1; for (int i = 1 ; i < m ; i ++) { if (X[i] != X[i-1]) X[k++] = X[i]; } memset(cnt , 0 , sizeof(cnt)); memset(sum , 0 , sizeof(sum)); double ret = 0; for (int i = 0 ; i < m - 1 ; i ++) { int l = Bin(ss[i].l , k , X); int r = Bin(ss[i].r , k , X) - 1; if (l <= r) update(l , r , ss[i].s , 0 , k - 1, 1); ret += sum[1] * (ss[i+1].h - ss[i].h); } printf("Test case #%d Total explored area: %.2lf ",cas++ , ret); } return 0; }
题意:矩形周长并
思路:与面积不同的地方是还要记录竖的边有几个(numseg记录),并且当边界重合的时候需要合并(用lbd和rbd表示边界来辅助)
线段树操作:update:区间增减 query:直接取根节点的值
- #include <cstdio>
- #include <cstring>
- #include <cctype>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- #define lson l , m , rt << 1
- #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
- const int maxn = 22222;
- struct Seg{
- int l , r , h , s;
- Seg() {}
- Seg(int a,int b,int c,int d):l(a) , r(b) , h(c) , s(d) {}
- bool operator < (const Seg &cmp) const {
- if (h == cmp.h) return s > cmp.s;
- return h < cmp.h;
- }
- }ss[maxn];
- bool lbd[maxn<<2] , rbd[maxn<<2];
- int numseg[maxn<<2];
- int cnt[maxn<<2];
- int len[maxn<<2];
- void PushUP(int rt,int l,int r) {
- if (cnt[rt]) {
- lbd[rt] = rbd[rt] = 1;
- len[rt] = r - l + 1;
- numseg[rt] = 2;
- } else if (l == r) {
- len[rt] = numseg[rt] = lbd[rt] = rbd[rt] = 0;
- } else {
- lbd[rt] = lbd[rt<<1];
- rbd[rt] = rbd[rt<<1|1];
- len[rt] = len[rt<<1] + len[rt<<1|1];
- numseg[rt] = numseg[rt<<1] + numseg[rt<<1|1];
- if (lbd[rt<<1|1] && rbd[rt<<1]) numseg[rt] -= 2;//两条线重合
- }
- }
- void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) {
- if (L <= l && r <= R) {
- cnt[rt] += c;
- PushUP(rt , l , r);
- return ;
- }
- int m = (l + r) >> 1;
- if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson);
- if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson);
- PushUP(rt , l , r);
- }
- int main() {
- int n;
- while (~scanf("%d",&n)) {
- int m = 0;
- int lbd = 10000, rbd = -10000;
- for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) {
- int a , b , c , d;
- scanf("%d%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c,&d);
- lbd = min(lbd , a);
- rbd = max(rbd , c);
- ss[m++] = Seg(a , c , b , 1);
- ss[m++] = Seg(a , c , d , -1);
- }
- sort(ss , ss + m);
- int ret = 0 , last = 0;
- for (int i = 0 ; i < m ; i ++) {
- if (ss[i].l < ss[i].r) update(ss[i].l , ss[i].r - 1 , ss[i].s , lbd , rbd - 1 , 1);
- ret += numseg[1] * (ss[i+1].h - ss[i].h);
- ret += abs(len[1] - last);
- last = len[1];
- }
- printf("%d ",ret);
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <cctype> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; #define lson l , m , rt << 1 #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1 const int maxn = 22222; struct Seg{ int l , r , h , s; Seg() {} Seg(int a,int b,int c,int d):l(a) , r(b) , h(c) , s(d) {} bool operator < (const Seg &cmp) const { if (h == cmp.h) return s > cmp.s; return h < cmp.h; } }ss[maxn]; bool lbd[maxn<<2] , rbd[maxn<<2]; int numseg[maxn<<2]; int cnt[maxn<<2]; int len[maxn<<2]; void PushUP(int rt,int l,int r) { if (cnt[rt]) { lbd[rt] = rbd[rt] = 1; len[rt] = r - l + 1; numseg[rt] = 2; } else if (l == r) { len[rt] = numseg[rt] = lbd[rt] = rbd[rt] = 0; } else { lbd[rt] = lbd[rt<<1]; rbd[rt] = rbd[rt<<1|1]; len[rt] = len[rt<<1] + len[rt<<1|1]; numseg[rt] = numseg[rt<<1] + numseg[rt<<1|1]; if (lbd[rt<<1|1] && rbd[rt<<1]) numseg[rt] -= 2;//两条线重合 } } void update(int L,int R,int c,int l,int r,int rt) { if (L <= l && r <= R) { cnt[rt] += c; PushUP(rt , l , r); return ; } int m = (l + r) >> 1; if (L <= m) update(L , R , c , lson); if (m < R) update(L , R , c , rson); PushUP(rt , l , r); } int main() { int n; while (~scanf("%d",&n)) { int m = 0; int lbd = 10000, rbd = -10000; for (int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++) { int a , b , c , d; scanf("%d%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c,&d); lbd = min(lbd , a); rbd = max(rbd , c); ss[m++] = Seg(a , c , b , 1); ss[m++] = Seg(a , c , d , -1); } sort(ss , ss + m); int ret = 0 , last = 0; for (int i = 0 ; i < m ; i ++) { if (ss[i].l < ss[i].r) update(ss[i].l , ss[i].r - 1 , ss[i].s , lbd , rbd - 1 , 1); ret += numseg[1] * (ss[i+1].h - ss[i].h); ret += abs(len[1] - last); last = len[1]; } printf("%d ",ret); } return 0; }
练习
hdu3265 Posters
hdu3642 Get The Treasury
poj2482 Stars in Your Window
poj2464 Brownie Points II
hdu3255 Farming
ural1707 Hypnotoad’s Secret
uva11983 Weird Advertisement
多颗线段树问题
维护一个有序数列{An},有三种操作:
1、添加一个元素。
2、删除一个元素。
3、求数列中下标%5 = 3的值的和。
- #include<iostream>
- #include<cstdio>
- #include<cstring>
- #include<algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- const int maxn=100002;
- #define lson l , m , rt << 1
- #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1
- __int64 sum[maxn<<2][6];
- int cnt[maxn << 2];
- char op[maxn][20];
- int a[maxn];
- int X[maxn];
- void PushUp(int rt)
- {
- cnt[rt] = cnt[rt<<1] + cnt[rt<<1|1];
- int offset = cnt[rt<<1];
- for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
- {
- sum[rt][i] = sum[rt<<1][i];
- }
- for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
- {
- sum[rt][(i + offset) % 5] += sum[rt<<1|1][i];
- }
- }
- void Build(int l, int r, int rt)
- { /*此题Build完全可以用一个memset代替*/
- cnt[rt] = 0;
- for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) sum[rt][i] = 0;
- if( l == r ) return;
- int m = ( l + r )>>1;
- Build(lson);
- Build(rson);
- }
- void Updata(int p, int op, int l, int r, int rt)
- {
- if( l == r )
- {
- cnt[rt] = op;
- sum[rt][1] = op * X[l-1];
- return ;
- }
- int m = ( l + r ) >> 1;
- if(p <= m)
- Updata(p, op, lson);
- else
- Updata(p, op, rson);
- PushUp(rt);
- }
- int main()
- {
- int n;
- while(scanf("%d", &n) != EOF)
- {
- int nn = 0;
- for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
- {
- scanf("%s", &op[i]);
- if(op[i][0] != 's')
- {
- scanf("%d", &a[i]);
- if(op[i][0] == 'a')
- {
- X[nn++] = a[i];
- }
- }
- }
- sort(X,X+nn);/*unique前必须sort*/
- nn = unique(X, X + nn) - X; /*去重并得到总数*/
- Build(1, nn, 1);
- for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
- {
- int pos = upper_bound(X, X+nn, a[i]) - X; /* hash */
- if(op[i][0] == 'a')
- {
- Updata(pos, 1, 1, nn, 1);
- }
- else if(op[i][0] == 'd')
- {
- Updata(pos, 0, 1, nn, 1);
- }
- else printf("%I64d ",sum[1][3]);
- }
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include<iostream> #include<cstdio> #include<cstring> #include<algorithm> using namespace std; const int maxn=100002; #define lson l , m , rt << 1 #define rson m + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1 __int64 sum[maxn<<2][6]; int cnt[maxn << 2]; char op[maxn][20]; int a[maxn]; int X[maxn]; void PushUp(int rt) { cnt[rt] = cnt[rt<<1] + cnt[rt<<1|1]; int offset = cnt[rt<<1]; for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { sum[rt][i] = sum[rt<<1][i]; } for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { sum[rt][(i + offset) % 5] += sum[rt<<1|1][i]; } } void Build(int l, int r, int rt) { /*此题Build完全可以用一个memset代替*/ cnt[rt] = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) sum[rt][i] = 0; if( l == r ) return; int m = ( l + r )>>1; Build(lson); Build(rson); } void Updata(int p, int op, int l, int r, int rt) { if( l == r ) { cnt[rt] = op; sum[rt][1] = op * X[l-1]; return ; } int m = ( l + r ) >> 1; if(p <= m) Updata(p, op, lson); else Updata(p, op, rson); PushUp(rt); } int main() { int n; while(scanf("%d", &n) != EOF) { int nn = 0; for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { scanf("%s", &op[i]); if(op[i][0] != 's') { scanf("%d", &a[i]); if(op[i][0] == 'a') { X[nn++] = a[i]; } } } sort(X,X+nn);/*unique前必须sort*/ nn = unique(X, X + nn) - X; /*去重并得到总数*/ Build(1, nn, 1); for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { int pos = upper_bound(X, X+nn, a[i]) - X; /* hash */ if(op[i][0] == 'a') { Updata(pos, 1, 1, nn, 1); } else if(op[i][0] == 'd') { Updata(pos, 0, 1, nn, 1); } else printf("%I64d ",sum[1][3]); } } return 0; }
- #include<iostream>
- #include<cstdio>
- #include<cstring>
- #include<cmath>
- #include<algorithm>
- #include<set>
- #include<vector>
- #include<string>
- #include<map>
- #define eps 1e-7
- #define LL long long
- #define N 500005
- #define zero(a) fabs(a)<eps
- #define lson step<<1
- #define rson step<<1|1
- #define MOD 1234567891
- #define pb(a) push_back(a)
- using namespace std;
- struct Node{
- int left,right,add[55],sum;
- int mid(){return (left+right)/2;}
- }L[4*N];
- int a[N],n,b[11][11];
- void Bulid(int step ,int l,int r){
- L[step].left=l;
- L[step].right=r;
- L[step].sum=0;
- memset(L[step].add,0,sizeof(L[step].add));
- if(l==r) return ;
- Bulid(lson,l,L[step].mid());
- Bulid(rson,L[step].mid()+1,r);
- }
- void push_down(int step){
- if(L[step].sum){
- L[lson].sum+=L[step].sum;
- L[rson].sum+=L[step].sum;
- L[step].sum=0;
- for(int i=0;i<55;i++){
- L[lson].add[i]+=L[step].add[i];
- L[rson].add[i]+=L[step].add[i];
- L[step].add[i]=0;
- }
- }
- }
- void update(int step,int l,int r,int num,int i,int j){
- if(L[step].left==l&&L[step].right==r){
- L[step].sum+=num;
- L[step].add[b[i][j]]+=num;
- return;
- }
- push_down(step);
- if(r<=L[step].mid()) update(lson,l,r,num,i,j);
- else if(l>L[step].mid()) update(rson,l,r,num,i,j);
- else {
- update(lson,l,L[step].mid(),num,i,j);
- update(rson,L[step].mid()+1,r,num,i,j);
- }
- }
- int query(int step,int pos){
- if(L[step].left==L[step].right){
- int tmp=0;
- for(int i=1;i<=10;i++) tmp+=L[step].add[b[i][pos%i]];
- return a[L[step].left]+tmp;
- }
- push_down(step);
- if(pos<=L[step].mid()) return query(lson,pos);
- else return query(rson,pos);
- }
- int main(){
- int cnt=0;
- for(int i=1;i<=10;i++) for(int j=0;j<i;j++) b[i][j]=cnt++;
- while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF){
- for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) scanf("%d",&a[i]);
- Bulid(1,1,n);
- int q,d;
- scanf("%d",&q);
- while(q--){
- int k,l,r,m;
- scanf("%d",&k);
- if(k==2){
- scanf("%d",&m);
- printf("%d ",query(1,m));
- }
- else{
- scanf("%d%d%d%d",&l,&r,&d,&m);
- update(1,l,r,m,d,l%d);
- }
- }
- }
- return 0;
- }
#include<iostream> #include<cstdio> #include<cstring> #include<cmath> #include<algorithm> #include<set> #include<vector> #include<string> #include<map> #define eps 1e-7 #define LL long long #define N 500005 #define zero(a) fabs(a)<eps #define lson step<<1 #define rson step<<1|1 #define MOD 1234567891 #define pb(a) push_back(a) using namespace std; struct Node{ int left,right,add[55],sum; int mid(){return (left+right)/2;} }L[4*N]; int a[N],n,b[11][11]; void Bulid(int step ,int l,int r){ L[step].left=l; L[step].right=r; L[step].sum=0; memset(L[step].add,0,sizeof(L[step].add)); if(l==r) return ; Bulid(lson,l,L[step].mid()); Bulid(rson,L[step].mid()+1,r); } void push_down(int step){ if(L[step].sum){ L[lson].sum+=L[step].sum; L[rson].sum+=L[step].sum; L[step].sum=0; for(int i=0;i<55;i++){ L[lson].add[i]+=L[step].add[i]; L[rson].add[i]+=L[step].add[i]; L[step].add[i]=0; } } } void update(int step,int l,int r,int num,int i,int j){ if(L[step].left==l&&L[step].right==r){ L[step].sum+=num; L[step].add[b[i][j]]+=num; return; } push_down(step); if(r<=L[step].mid()) update(lson,l,r,num,i,j); else if(l>L[step].mid()) update(rson,l,r,num,i,j); else { update(lson,l,L[step].mid(),num,i,j); update(rson,L[step].mid()+1,r,num,i,j); } } int query(int step,int pos){ if(L[step].left==L[step].right){ int tmp=0; for(int i=1;i<=10;i++) tmp+=L[step].add[b[i][pos%i]]; return a[L[step].left]+tmp; } push_down(step); if(pos<=L[step].mid()) return query(lson,pos); else return query(rson,pos); } int main(){ int cnt=0; for(int i=1;i<=10;i++) for(int j=0;j<i;j++) b[i][j]=cnt++; while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF){ for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) scanf("%d",&a[i]); Bulid(1,1,n); int q,d; scanf("%d",&q); while(q--){ int k,l,r,m; scanf("%d",&k); if(k==2){ scanf("%d",&m); printf("%d ",query(1,m)); } else{ scanf("%d%d%d%d",&l,&r,&d,&m); update(1,l,r,m,d,l%d); } } } return 0; }