uoj233/BZOJ4654/洛谷P1721 [Noi2016]国王饮水记 【dp + 斜率优化】

题目链接

uoj233

题解

下面不加证明地给出几个性质：

1. 小于(h[1])的城市一定是没用的
2. 任何城市联通包含(1)且只和(1)联通一次
3. 联通顺序从小到大最优
4. 单个联通比多个一起联通要优
5. 最优解中多个一起联通不超过(14)次

除了最后一个外还是很显然的
(K)足够大肯定逐个联通，否则有一些还是需要一起联通的
我们可以设(f[i][j])表示前(i)个城市，联通(j)次(h[1])的最高高度
那么，去掉小于(h[1])的城市，将(h[i])排序，记(s[i])为(h[i])前缀和

[f[i][j] = max{frac{f[k][j - 1] + s[i] - s[k]}{i - k + 1}} ]

可以斜率优化且具有决策单调性
又由于最多不超过(14)次多个联通，所以找到(14)次中最优决策之后剩余的就可以逐个联通了
复杂度(O(np))

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

// ---------- decimal lib start ----------
const int PREC = 3000;
class Decimal {
	public:
		Decimal();
		Decimal(const std::string &s);
		Decimal(const char *s);
		Decimal(int x);
		Decimal(long long x);
		Decimal(double x);
		
		bool is_zero() const;
		
		// p (p > 0) is the number of digits after the decimal point
		std::string to_string(int p) const;
		double to_double() const;
		
		friend Decimal operator + (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b);
		friend Decimal operator + (const Decimal &a, int x);
		friend Decimal operator + (int x, const Decimal &a);
		friend Decimal operator + (const Decimal &a, long long x);
		friend Decimal operator + (long long x, const Decimal &a);
		friend Decimal operator + (const Decimal &a, double x);
		friend Decimal operator + (double x, const Decimal &a);
		
		friend Decimal operator - (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b);
		friend Decimal operator - (const Decimal &a, int x);
		friend Decimal operator - (int x, const Decimal &a);
		friend Decimal operator - (const Decimal &a, long long x);
		friend Decimal operator - (long long x, const Decimal &a);
		friend Decimal operator - (const Decimal &a, double x);
		friend Decimal operator - (double x, const Decimal &a);
		
		friend Decimal operator * (const Decimal &a, int x);
		friend Decimal operator * (int x, const Decimal &a);
		
		friend Decimal operator / (const Decimal &a, int x);
		
		friend bool operator < (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b);
		friend bool operator > (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b);
		friend bool operator <= (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b);
		friend bool operator >= (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b);
		friend bool operator == (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b);
		friend bool operator != (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b);
		
		Decimal & operator += (int x);
		Decimal & operator += (long long x);
		Decimal & operator += (double x);
		Decimal & operator += (const Decimal &b);
		
		Decimal & operator -= (int x);
		Decimal & operator -= (long long x);
		Decimal & operator -= (double x);
		Decimal & operator -= (const Decimal &b);
		
		Decimal & operator *= (int x);
		
		Decimal & operator /= (int x);
		
		friend Decimal operator - (const Decimal &a);
		
		// These can't be called
		friend Decimal operator * (const Decimal &a, double x);
		friend Decimal operator * (double x, const Decimal &a);
		friend Decimal operator / (const Decimal &a, double x);
		Decimal & operator *= (double x);
		Decimal & operator /= (double x);
		
	private:
		static const int len = PREC / 9 + 1;
		static const int mo = 1000000000;
		
		static void append_to_string(std::string &s, long long x);
		
		bool is_neg;
		long long integer;
		int data[len];
		
		void init_zero();
		void init(const char *s);
};

Decimal::Decimal() {
	this->init_zero();
}

Decimal::Decimal(const char *s) {
	this->init(s);
}

Decimal::Decimal(const std::string &s) {
	this->init(s.c_str());
}

Decimal::Decimal(int x) {
	this->init_zero();
	
	if (x < 0) {
		is_neg = true;
		x = -x;
	}
	
	integer = x;
}

Decimal::Decimal(long long x) {
	this->init_zero();
	
	if (x < 0) {
		is_neg = true;
		x = -x;
	}
	
	integer = x;
}

Decimal::Decimal(double x) {
	this->init_zero();
	
	if (x < 0) {
		is_neg = true;
		x = -x;
	}
	
	integer = (long long)x;
	x -= integer;
	
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		x *= mo;
		if (x < 0) x = 0;
		data[i] = (int)x;
		x -= data[i];
	}
}

void Decimal::init_zero() {
	is_neg = false;
	integer = 0;
	memset(data, 0, len * sizeof(int));
}

bool Decimal::is_zero() const {
	if (integer) return false;
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		if (data[i]) return false;
	}
	return true;
}

void Decimal::init(const char *s) {
	this->init_zero();
	
	is_neg = false;
	integer = 0;
	
	// find the first digit or the negative sign
	while (*s != 0) {
		if (*s == '-') {
			is_neg = true;
			++s;
			break;
		} else if (*s >= 48 && *s <= 57) {
			break;
		}
		++s;
	}
	
	// read the integer part
	while (*s >= 48 && *s <= 57) {
		integer = integer * 10 + *s - 48;
		++s;
	}
	
	// read the decimal part
	if (*s == '.') {
		int pos = 0;
		int x = mo / 10;
		
		++s;
		while (pos < len && *s >= 48 && *s <= 57) {
			data[pos] += (*s - 48) * x;
			++s;
			x /= 10;
			if (x == 0) {
				++pos;
				x = mo / 10;
			}
		}
	}
}

void Decimal::append_to_string(std::string &s, long long x) {
	if (x == 0) {
		s.append(1, 48);
		return;
	}
	
	char _[30];
	int cnt = 0;
	while (x) {
		_[cnt++] = x % 10;
		x /= 10;
	}
	while (cnt--) {
		s.append(1, _[cnt] + 48);
	}
}

std::string Decimal::to_string(int p) const {
	std::string ret;
	
	if (is_neg && !this->is_zero()) {
		ret = "-";
	}
	
	append_to_string(ret, this->integer);
	
	ret.append(1, '.');
	
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		// append data[i] as "%09d"
		int x = mo / 10;
		int tmp = data[i];
		while (x) {
			ret.append(1, 48 + tmp / x);
			tmp %= x;
			x /= 10;
			if (--p == 0) {
				break;
			}
		}
		if (p == 0) break;
	}
	
	if (p > 0) {
		ret.append(p, '0');
	}
	
	return ret;
}

double Decimal::to_double() const {
	double ret = integer;
	
	double k = 1.0;
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		k /= mo;
		ret += k * data[i];
	}
	
	if (is_neg) {
		ret = -ret;
	}
	
	return ret;
}

bool operator < (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b) {
	if (a.is_neg != b.is_neg) {
		return a.is_neg && (!a.is_zero() || !b.is_zero());
	} else if (!a.is_neg) {
		// a, b >= 0
		if (a.integer != b.integer) {
			return a.integer < b.integer;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < Decimal::len; i++) {
			if (a.data[i] != b.data[i]) {
				return a.data[i] < b.data[i];
			}
		}
		return false;
	} else {
		// a, b <= 0
		if (a.integer != b.integer) {
			return a.integer > b.integer;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < Decimal::len; i++) {
			if (a.data[i] != b.data[i]) {
				return a.data[i] > b.data[i];
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
}

bool operator > (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b) {
	if (a.is_neg != b.is_neg) {
		return !a.is_neg && (!a.is_zero() || !b.is_zero());
	} else if (!a.is_neg) {
		// a, b >= 0
		if (a.integer != b.integer) {
			return a.integer > b.integer;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < Decimal::len; i++) {
			if (a.data[i] != b.data[i]) {
				return a.data[i] > b.data[i];
			}
		}
		return false;
	} else {
		// a, b <= 0
		if (a.integer != b.integer) {
			return a.integer < b.integer;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < Decimal::len; i++) {
			if (a.data[i] != b.data[i]) {
				return a.data[i] < b.data[i];
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
}

bool operator <= (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b) {
	if (a.is_neg != b.is_neg) {
		return a.is_neg || (a.is_zero() && b.is_zero());
	} else if (!a.is_neg) {
		// a, b >= 0
		if (a.integer != b.integer) {
			return a.integer < b.integer;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < Decimal::len; i++) {
			if (a.data[i] != b.data[i]) {
				return a.data[i] < b.data[i];
			}
		}
		return true;
	} else {
		// a, b <= 0
		if (a.integer != b.integer) {
			return a.integer > b.integer;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < Decimal::len; i++) {
			if (a.data[i] != b.data[i]) {
				return a.data[i] > b.data[i];
			}
		}
		return true;
	}
}

bool operator >= (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b) {
	if (a.is_neg != b.is_neg) {
		return !a.is_neg || (a.is_zero() && b.is_zero());
	} else if (!a.is_neg) {
		// a, b >= 0
		if (a.integer != b.integer) {
			return a.integer > b.integer;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < Decimal::len; i++) {
			if (a.data[i] != b.data[i]) {
				return a.data[i] > b.data[i];
			}
		}
		return true;
	} else {
		// a, b <= 0
		if (a.integer != b.integer) {
			return a.integer < b.integer;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < Decimal::len; i++) {
			if (a.data[i] != b.data[i]) {
				return a.data[i] < b.data[i];
			}
		}
		return true;
	}
}

bool operator == (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b) {
	if (a.is_zero() && b.is_zero()) return true;
	if (a.is_neg != b.is_neg) return false;
	if (a.integer != b.integer) return false;
	for (int i = 0; i < Decimal::len; i++) {
		if (a.data[i] != b.data[i]) return false;
	}
	return true;
}

bool operator != (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b) {
	return !(a == b);
}

Decimal & Decimal::operator += (long long x) {
	if (!is_neg) {
		if (integer + x >= 0) {
			integer += x;
		} else {
			bool last = false;
			for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
				if (last || data[i]) {
					data[i] = mo - data[i] - last;
					last = true;
				} else {
					last = false;
				}
			}
			integer = -x - integer - last;
			is_neg = true;
		}
	} else {
		if (integer - x >= 0) {
			integer -= x;
		} else {
			bool last = false;
			for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
				if (last || data[i]) {
					data[i] = mo - data[i] - last;
					last = true;
				} else {
					last = false;
				}
			}
			integer = x - integer - last;
			is_neg = false;
		}
	}
	return *this;
}

Decimal & Decimal::operator += (int x) {
	return *this += (long long)x;
}

Decimal & Decimal::operator -= (int x) {
	return *this += (long long)-x;
}

Decimal & Decimal::operator -= (long long x) {
	return *this += -x;
}

Decimal & Decimal::operator /= (int x) {
	if (x < 0) {
		is_neg ^= 1;
		x = -x;
	}
	
	int last = integer % x;
	integer /= x;
	
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		long long tmp = 1LL * last * mo + data[i];
		data[i] = tmp / x;
		last = tmp - 1LL * data[i] * x;
	}
	
	if (is_neg && integer == 0) {
		int i;
		for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
			if (data[i] != 0) {
				break;
			}
		}
		if (i == len) {
			is_neg = false;
		}
	}
	
	return *this;
}

Decimal & Decimal::operator *= (int x) {
	if (x < 0) {
		is_neg ^= 1;
		x = -x;
	} else if (x == 0) {
		init_zero();
		return *this;
	}
	
	int last = 0;
	for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		long long tmp = 1LL * data[i] * x + last;
		last = tmp / mo;
		data[i] = tmp - 1LL * last * mo;
	}
	integer = integer * x + last;
	
	return *this;
}

Decimal operator - (const Decimal &a) {
	Decimal ret = a;
	// -0 = 0
	if (!ret.is_neg && ret.integer == 0) {
		int i;
		for (i = 0; i < Decimal::len; i++) {
			if (ret.data[i] != 0) break;
		}
		if (i < Decimal::len) {
			ret.is_neg = true;
		}
	} else {
		ret.is_neg ^= 1;
	}
	return ret;
}

Decimal operator + (const Decimal &a, int x) {
	Decimal ret = a;
	return ret += x;
}

Decimal operator + (int x, const Decimal &a) {
	Decimal ret = a;
	return ret += x;
}

Decimal operator + (const Decimal &a, long long x) {
	Decimal ret = a;
	return ret += x;
}

Decimal operator + (long long x, const Decimal &a) {
	Decimal ret = a;
	return ret += x;
}

Decimal operator - (const Decimal &a, int x) {
	Decimal ret = a;
	return ret -= x;
}

Decimal operator - (int x, const Decimal &a) {
	return -(a - x);
}

Decimal operator - (const Decimal &a, long long x) {
	Decimal ret = a;
	return ret -= x;
}

Decimal operator - (long long x, const Decimal &a) {
	return -(a - x);
}

Decimal operator * (const Decimal &a, int x) {
	Decimal ret = a;
	return ret *= x;
}

Decimal operator * (int x, const Decimal &a) {
	Decimal ret = a;
	return ret *= x;
}

Decimal operator / (const Decimal &a, int x) {
	Decimal ret = a;
	return ret /= x;
}

Decimal operator + (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b) {
	if (a.is_neg == b.is_neg) {
		Decimal ret = a;
		bool last = false;
		for (int i = Decimal::len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
			ret.data[i] += b.data[i] + last;
			if (ret.data[i] >= Decimal::mo) {
				ret.data[i] -= Decimal::mo;
				last = true;
			} else {
				last = false;
			}
		}
		ret.integer += b.integer + last;
		return ret;
	} else if (!a.is_neg) {
		// a - |b|
		return a - -b;
	} else {
		// b - |a|
		return b - -a;
	}
}

Decimal operator - (const Decimal &a, const Decimal &b) {
	if (!a.is_neg && !b.is_neg) {
		if (a >= b) {
			Decimal ret = a;
			bool last = false;
			for (int i = Decimal::len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
				ret.data[i] -= b.data[i] + last;
				if (ret.data[i] < 0) {
					ret.data[i] += Decimal::mo;
					last = true;
				} else {
					last = false;
				}
			}
			ret.integer -= b.integer + last;
			return ret;
		} else {
			Decimal ret = b;
			bool last = false;
			for (int i = Decimal::len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
				ret.data[i] -= a.data[i] + last;
				if (ret.data[i] < 0) {
					ret.data[i] += Decimal::mo;
					last = true;
				} else {
					last = false;
				}
			}
			ret.integer -= a.integer + last;
			ret.is_neg = true;
			return ret;
		}
	} else if (a.is_neg && b.is_neg) {
		// a - b = (-b) - (-a)
		return -b - -a;
	} else if (a.is_neg) {
		// -|a| - b
		return -(-a + b);
	} else {
		// a - -|b|
		return a + -b;
	}
}

Decimal operator + (const Decimal &a, double x) {
	return a + Decimal(x);
}

Decimal operator + (double x, const Decimal &a) {
	return Decimal(x) + a;
}

Decimal operator - (const Decimal &a, double x) {
	return a - Decimal(x);
}

Decimal operator - (double x, const Decimal &a) {
	return Decimal(x) - a;
}

Decimal & Decimal::operator += (double x) {
	*this = *this + Decimal(x);
	return *this;
}

Decimal & Decimal::operator -= (double x) {
	*this = *this - Decimal(x);
	return *this;
}

Decimal & Decimal::operator += (const Decimal &b) {
	*this = *this + b;
	return *this;
}

Decimal & Decimal::operator -= (const Decimal &b) {
	*this = *this - b;
	return *this;
}

// ---------- decimal lib end ----------
inline int read(){
	int out = 0,flag = 1; char c = getchar();
	while (c < 48 || c > 57){if (c == '-') flag = 0; c = getchar();}
	while (c >= 48 && c <= 57){out = (out << 1) + (out << 3) + c - 48; c = getchar();}
	return flag ? out : -out;
}
const int maxn = 8005;
Decimal ans;
int n,K,P,tot,h[maxn],pre[maxn][15],S[maxn];
int q[maxn],head,tail;
double f[maxn][15];
struct point{double x,y;}p[maxn];
double slope(const point& a,const point& b){
	return (a.y - b.y) /(a.x - b.x);
}
Decimal calc(int i,int j){
	if (!j) return h[1];
	return (calc(pre[i][j],j - 1) + S[i] - S[pre[i][j]]) / (i - pre[i][j] + 1);
}
int main(){
	//freopen("1.in","r",stdin);
	//freopen("1.out","w",stdout);
	n = read(); K = read(); P = read(); h[tot = 1] = read();
	for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++){
		h[i] = read();
		if (h[i] > h[1]) h[++tot] = h[i];
	}
	n = tot; sort(h + 1,h + 1 + n);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) S[i] = S[i - 1] + h[i];
	K = min(n,K);
	int E = min(K,14);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) f[i][0] = h[1];
	for (int j = 1; j <= E; j++){
		f[1][j] = h[1];
		q[head = tail = 1] = 1;
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) p[i] = (point){i - 1,S[i] - f[i][j - 1]};
		for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++){
			point u = (point){i,S[i]};
			while (head < tail && slope(u,p[q[head]]) < slope(u,p[q[head + 1]])) head++;
			pre[i][j] = q[head];
			int v = q[head];
			f[i][j] = (f[v][j - 1] + S[i] - S[v]) / (i - v + 1);
			while (head < tail && slope(p[i],p[q[tail]]) < slope(p[q[tail - 1]],p[q[tail]])) tail--;
			q[++tail] = i;
		}
	}
	int m = n - K + E;
	double mx = 0; int pos;
	for (int i = 0; i <= E; i++)
		if (f[m][i] > mx) mx = f[m][i],pos = m;
	ans = calc(pos,E);
	for (int i = pos + 1; i <= n; i++)
		ans = (ans + h[i]) / 2;
	cout << ans.to_string(P << 1) << endl;
	return 0;
}