第七周作业

1.使用kickstart半自动化安装centos操作系统

（1）准备yum源和相关文件

yum -y install httpd
systemctl enable --now httpd
mkdir /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64 -pv
mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64

(2)安装kickstart工具并生成ks7.cfg文件

yum -y install system-config-kickstart
export DISPLAY=10.0.0.1:0.0
system-config-kickstart #执行命令前打开passive工具
ks-validator ks7.cfg #检查语法格式

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
#[base]改为[develoment]

（3）补充ks7.cfg文件

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --plaintext mage@123
# System language
lang en_US
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=md5
# Use graphical install
text
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx


# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
# Halt after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Africa/Abidjan --isUtc
# Use network installation
url --url="http://10.0.0.132/centos/7/os/x86_64"
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part / --fstype="xfs" --size=100000
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --size=1024
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048

%post
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever Base
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[epel]
name=CentOS-$releasever Epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/ 
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever Extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF
mkdir /root/.ssh
cat > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys  <<EOF
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDQgWrsbf/+cw6HZxOu8ZSaAZgc5Kh0ahjwfcsfMNW/I5WajepUnFLzZuxJgx9+1V3m6vlgj9WHiy36J8itmoYOENIEvwL2l79zpjwwb8NdRuxgSDg1UKxl6aDMtDx7fNTAMnT7Tdzp/2Kpsn+PCzHnrmOJbHKOb/y9LYtTKepiNM5mNSbDZU5pQ+4Poq/P++6xSR4WwFJnWDLl+jNQfR4lA2XuJ1x7N2apSWZ7zdKIKrxyG+XrVNQ0EvxwPERfv35Q2iCdDgMdR3NTRCFS7odorCmOuXWTcucXJHUuIEBF6fOiNzqJjMw/yg98SHywxQ+JH0Uhgp15zCbZTHpl1l8t root@CentOS8-2
EOF
useradd zhang
echo mage@123 |passwd --stdin zhang
%end

%packages
@web-server

%end

（4）通过httpd服务访问ks7.cfg文件

mkdir /var/www/html/ksdir
cp ks7.cfg /var/www/html/ksdir/

（5）新建centos7-ks虚拟机并挂载光盘

2. 在centos8上实现PXE自动化安装Centos6,7,8

（1）安装相关软件包并启动

yum -y install httpd tftp-server dhcp-server syslinux-nonlinux
systemctl enable --now httpd tftp

（2）配置DHCP服务

vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf  #其他行注释，:,$s@(^[^#])@#1@

dhcpd -t -cf/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf #检查是否存在语法错误
systemctl enable --now dhcpd

（3）准备yum源和相关目录

mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{6,7,8}/os/x86_64/
mount -r /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/
mount -r /dev/sr1 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/
mount -r /dev/sr2 /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/

（4）准备kickstart文件

[root@CentOS8-1 ~]#mkdir /var/www/html/ks
[root@CentOS8-1 ~]#cat /var/www/html/ks/centos6.cfg 
install
text
reboot
url --url=http://10.0.0.135/centos/6/os/x86_64/
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6 --hostname centos6.zhang.com
rootpw  --iscrypted $6$Duj3su4K7cBDJe0T$7Hc8yXJyuQqRX4CeOHjahJe9XCWDsbTrgVAgiaowHHtrW6bjSskxY9lGiNL6nY/HEtxOuDQO8UOvlq/TrGRil0
firewall --disabled
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
selinux --disabled
timezone  Asia/Shanghai
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
zerombr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=1024
part / --fstype=ext4 --size=102400
part /data --fstype=ext4 --size=51200
part swap --size=2048
%packages
@core
@server-policy
@workstation-policy
autofs
vim-enhanced
%end
%post
useradd zhang
echo mage@123 | passwd --stdin zhang &> /dev/null
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever Base
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[epel]
name=CentOS-$releasever Epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/ 
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever Extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ 
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF
%end

[root@CentOS8-1 ~]#cat /var/www/html/ks/centos7.cfg 
install
xconfig --startxonboot
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
rootpw --iscrypted $6$eTdlrRmdSzjQr8fy$KYuBGJlxw.ylvEr5JxwaD8esiopGVVUXWoaBmweSrdmjivQrikHk927OpeqeE9hoAmXN.m9ZG48Z.4FHLdelB/
url --url="http://10.0.0.135/centos/7/os/x86_64"
lang en_US
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
text
firstboot --enable
selinux --disabled
skipx
services --disabled="chronyd"
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
firewall --disabled
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
network --hostname=centos7.zhang.com
reboot
timezone Asia/Shanghai --nontp
bootloader --append="net.ifnames=0" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
zerombr
#autopart --type=lvm
clearpart --all --initlabel
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048
part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=102400
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=1024
part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200
%post
useradd kobe
echo mage@123 | passwd --stdin zhang
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever Base
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[epel]
name=CentOS-$releasever Epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/ 
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever Extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ 
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF
%end
%packages
@core
%end

[root@CentOS8-1 ~]#cat /var/www/html/ks/centos6.cfg 
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
zerombr
text
reboot
clearpart --all --initlabel
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
url --url=http://10.0.0.135/centos/8/os/x86_64/
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
lang en_US.UTF-8
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --ipv6=auto --activate
bootloader --append="net.ifnames=0" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
network --hostname=centos8.zhang.com
rootpw --iscrypted $6$9htDQBQerzPBGNAh$9X5bZk6FbOGLArpumKOOrIOm3T4Oic.2v36rqNny28W1DxQTC8wNHGpQ8AAuL3TiPcyFbLP164wqmZb1mMcT1.
firstboot --enable
skipx
services --disabled="chronyd"
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
user --name=zhang --password=$6$9b0sKYtYhQhcarc6$hqwO9wI277zKrt6P1bJZPRiDKzfZph0PGjqjorx.LFooHolzQTzuDShCLa229342Tn5c1/yokcnBmbDmKbDQ.1 --iscrypted --gecos="zhang"
#autopart --type=lvm
#part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda 可以实现根自动使用所有剩余空间
part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=102400
part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --ondisk=sda --size=1024
%packages
@^minimal-environment
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
%post
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever Base
#baseurl=file:///misc/cd/BaseOS
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[AppStream]
name=CentOS-$releasever Appstream
#baseurl=file:///misc/cd/AppStream
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[epel]
name=CentOS-$releasever Epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever Extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/ 
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF
%end

（5）准备PXE启动相关文件

[root@CentOS8-1 centos6]#cd /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/
[root@CentOS8-1 isolinux]#ls
boot.cat  grub.conf   isolinux.bin  ldlinux.c32   libutil.c32  splash.png  vesamenu.c32
boot.msg  initrd.img  isolinux.cfg  libcom32.c32  memtest      TRANS.TBL   vmlinuz
[root@CentOS8-1 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/isolinux/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6/
[root@CentOS8-1 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/isolinux/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} /var/lib/tftpboot/centos7/
[root@CentOS8-1 ~]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/os/x86_64/isolinux/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@CentOS8-1 ~]#cp /usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,menu.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/

（6）准备启动菜单文件

[root@CentOS8-1 ~]#mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
[root@CentOS8-1 ~]#cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
 default menu.c32
timeout 600
menu title Install CentOS Linux

label linux8
  menu label Install CentOS Linux ^8
  kernel centos8/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos8/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.135/ks/centos8.cfg 

label linux7
 menu label Install CentOS Linux ^7
  kernel centos7/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos7/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.135/ks/centos7.cfg

label linux6
  menu label Install CentOS Linux ^6
  kernel centos6/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos6/initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.135/ks/centos6.cfg

label manual
  menu label  ^Manual Install CentOS Linux 8
  kernel centos8/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos8/initrd.img inst.repo=http://10.0.0.135/centos/8/os/x86_64/

label rescue
  menu label ^Rescue a CentOS Linux system
  kernel centos8/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos8/initrd.img inst.repo=http://10.0.0.135/centos/8/os/x86_64/ rescue

label local
  menu default
  menu label Boot from ^local drive
  localboot 0xffff

（7）核对所需文件

[root@CentOS8-1 ~]#tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
/var/lib/tftpboot/
├── centos6
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── centos7
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── centos8
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── ldlinux.c32
├── libcom32.c32
├── libutil.c32
├── menu.c32
├── pxelinux.0
└── pxelinux.cfg
    └── default

4 directories, 12 files
[root@CentOS8-1 ~]#tree /var/www/html/ks
/var/www/html/ks
├── centos6.cfg
├── centos7.cfg
└── centos8.cfg

0 directories, 3 files

（8）测试客户端基于PXE实现自动化安装