js String

STRINGS

• When adding a string and a number, JS behaves oddly! It turns the number into a string and smushes them together.
  1. let year = "1998";
  2. year + 1;
  3. "19981"
• String Template Literal:   use $.    $${3+5}. --->$8.  
• single or double quotes are fine, but need to be constant
• Strings are indexed
• thing.method()
• casing: .toLowerCase()/ .toUpperCase()
• .trim()
• indexOf. return the first index that a character occurs in the String,  if no character found, return -1 
  • "catdog".indexOf('cat');      //0 
  • "catdog".indexOf('dog');   //3
  • "catdog".indexOf('z');   //-1
• .slice
  • "Angle of Mine".slice(0,5);  //'Angle'.  [0,5) 
  • "Angel of Mine".slice(5); //  ' of Mine '
• .replace('a','b')
Template Literals, $${52.0}. ---- $52.0
• `I count ${3+5} sheep`; //"I count 7 sheep", use the back-ticks, not single quotes.
• NULL & UNDEFINED
  • Null: International absence of any value, must be assigned
    • let a = null;
  • Undefined: Variables that do not have an assigned value are undefined, the console do not know what you want.
    • let pickles;//we did not assign a value
    • pickles; //undefined
    • let food = 'tacos';
    • food[7] //undefined
• MATH OBJECT
  • Math.PI
  • Math.round(4.9). //5. rounding a number
  • Math.abs(-1). //1
  • Math.floor(3.9999). //3. removes decimal
  • Math.ceil(3.000001).  //4
• RANDOM NUMBERS
  • Math.random().     [0,1). gives us a random decimal between 0 and 1(non-inclusive)
• RANDOM INTEGERS
  • Math.floor(Math.random() * 10) + 1.   //generate random number between 1 and 10
    • const step1 = Math.random();
    • const step2 = step * 10;
    • const step3 = Math.floor(step2);
    • const step4 = step3+ 1;

//generate two randomly interger which is in [1,6]
const die1 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 6) + 1; //random number from 1-6
const die2 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 6) + 1; //random number from 1-6

// creat a new variable called roll, which will  be a string that displays each die as well as their sum
//eg output: "You rolled a 3 and a 5. They sum to 8"
let roll = `"You rolled a ${die1} and a ${die2}. They sum to ${die1 + die2}"`;

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• Strings_cheatsheet.js
  • single/double quotes
  • .length
  • indexing
  • .toUpperCase()/.toLowerCase()
  • .trim()  is to remove space in the left most side and the right most side
  • .indexOf('a')
  • .slice(a).  .slice(a,b)
  • .replace('a','b') with the first match replaced
  • String Template Literals   ` `  ${}  backtick characters, not single quote!!!

// Making Strings
let color = "purple";

// Single quotes work too:
let city = 'Tokyo';

//Strings have a length:
city.length; //5

//We can access specific characters using their index:
city[0]; //'T'
city[3]; //'y'

// String methods:
'hello'.toUpperCase(); // "HELLO";
'LOL'.toLowerCase(); // "lol"
'    omg  '.trim(); // "omg"

// String methods with arguments:
// ==============================

//indexOf returns the index where the character is found (or -1 if not found)
'spider'.indexOf('i'); //2
'vesuvius'.indexOf('u'); //3 - only returns FIRST matching index
'cactus'.indexOf('z'); //-1 not found


// slice - returns a "slice" of a string
"pancake".slice(3); //"cake" - slice from index 3 onwards
"pancake".slice(0, 3); //"pan" - slice from index 0 up to index 3

// replace - returns a new string, with the FIRST match replaced
"pump".replace("p", "b"); //"bump" - only replaces first "p"

// String Template Literals
// Use backtick characters, NOT SINGLE QUOTES!
// ========================
const color = "olive green";
const msg = `My favorite color is: ${color}` //"My favorite color is: olive green"

const str = `There are ${60 * 60 * 24} seconds in a day`//"There are 86400 seconds in a day"