话谈c#拷贝
c#中类型分为值类型和引用类型,值类型对象赋值是本身就是赋的自身的一个副本,而引用类型赋值时则赋的是指向堆上的内存,假如我们不想赋这个地址而想将对象赋过去要怎么做呢?首先要知道拷贝分为浅表拷贝和深层拷贝,浅表拷贝得到一个新的实例,一个与原始对象类型相同、值类型字段相同的拷贝。但是,如果字段是引用类型的,则拷贝的是该引用, 而不是的对象。若想将引用字段的对象也拷贝过去,则称为深拷贝。 为了实现拷贝,本文总结了以下几种方法。
1.首先就是最笨的方法,传说中的“人工拷贝”,就是将引用里的所有值对象和具有值特征的string对象一一赋给新对象,这种方式代码量过大而且维护起来相当麻烦,所以能不用就不用。
2.System.Object提供了受保护的方法 MemberwiseClone,可用来实现“浅表”拷贝。由于该方法标记为“受保护”级别,因此,我们只能在继承类或该类内部才能访问该方法。
public class A { public string rr { get; set; } public string tt { get; set; } public A ShallowCopy() { return (A)this.MemberwiseClone(); } }
3.使用序列化与反序列化的方式,这种方式虽可实现深度拷贝,但有点大炮打蚊子的味道,而且在外面引用时一定要记得关闭所创建的MemoryStream流
public static object Clone(object o,out MemoryStream ms) { BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter(); ms = new MemoryStream(); bf.Serialize(ms,o); ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); return bf.Deserialize(ms); }
4.在一个外国人写的博客中(http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/3441/Base-class-for-cloning-an-object-in-C),使用反射的方法来解决了这个问题。他写了一个BaseObject类,如果我们继承这个类就可以实现深度拷贝,下面是他的实现方法:
创建一个实现 ICloneable
接口的有默认行为的抽象类,所谓的默认行为就是使用以下库函数来拷贝类里的每一个字段。
1.遍历类里的每个字段,看看是否支持ICloneable
接口。
2.如果不支持ICloneable
接口,按下面规则进行设置,也就是说如果字段是个值类型,那将其拷贝,如果是引用类型则拷贝字段指向通一个对象。
3.如果支持ICloneable
,在科隆对象中使用它的克隆方法进行设置。
4.如果字段支持IEnumerable接口,需要看看它是否支持IList或者IDirectionary接口,如果支持,迭代集合看看是否支持ICloneable接口。
我们所要做的就是使得所有字段支持ICloneable接口。
下面是测试结果:
public class MyClass : BaseObject { public string myStr =”test”; public int id; } public class MyContainer : BaseObject { public string name = “test2”; public MyClass[] myArray= new MyClass[5]; public class MyContainer() { for(int i=0 ; i<5 ; i++) { this.myArray[I] = new MyClass(); } } }
static void Main(string[] args) { MyContainer con1 = new MyContainer(); MyContainer con2 = (MyContainer)con1.Clone(); con2.myArray[0].id = 5; }
con2中MyClass实例中第一个元素变成了5,但con1没有改变,即实现了深拷贝。
BaseObject的实现:
/// <summary> /// BaseObject class is an abstract class for you to derive from. /// Every class that will be dirived from this class will support the /// Clone method automaticly.<br> /// The class implements the interface ICloneable and there /// for every object that will be derived <br> /// from this object will support the ICloneable interface as well. /// </summary> public abstract class BaseObject : ICloneable { /// <summary> /// Clone the object, and returning a reference to a cloned object. /// </summary> /// <returns>Reference to the new cloned /// object.</returns> public object Clone() { //First we create an instance of this specific type. object newObject = Activator.CreateInstance( this.GetType() ); //We get the array of fields for the new type instance. FieldInfo[] fields = newObject.GetType().GetFields(); int i = 0; foreach( FieldInfo fi in this.GetType().GetFields() ) { //We query if the fiels support the ICloneable interface. Type ICloneType = fi.FieldType. GetInterface( "ICloneable" , true ); if( ICloneType != null ) { //Getting the ICloneable interface from the object. ICloneable IClone = (ICloneable)fi.GetValue(this); //We use the clone method to set the new value to the field. fields[i].SetValue( newObject , IClone.Clone() ); } else { // If the field doesn't support the ICloneable // interface then just set it. fields[i].SetValue( newObject , fi.GetValue(this) ); } //Now we check if the object support the //IEnumerable interface, so if it does //we need to enumerate all its items and check if //they support the ICloneable interface. Type IEnumerableType = fi.FieldType.GetInterface ( "IEnumerable" , true ); if( IEnumerableType != null ) { //Get the IEnumerable interface from the field. IEnumerable IEnum = (IEnumerable)fi.GetValue(this); //This version support the IList and the //IDictionary interfaces to iterate on collections. Type IListType = fields[i].FieldType.GetInterface ( "IList" , true ); Type IDicType = fields[i].FieldType.GetInterface ( "IDictionary" , true ); int j = 0; if( IListType != null ) { //Getting the IList interface. IList list = (IList)fields[i].GetValue(newObject); foreach( object obj in IEnum ) { //Checking to see if the current item //support the ICloneable interface. ICloneType = obj.GetType(). GetInterface( "ICloneable" , true ); if( ICloneType != null ) { //If it does support the ICloneable interface, //we use it to set the clone of //the object in the list. ICloneable clone = (ICloneable)obj; list[j] = clone.Clone(); } //NOTE: If the item in the list is not //support the ICloneable interface then in the //cloned list this item will be the same //item as in the original list //(as long as this type is a reference type). j++; } } else if( IDicType != null ) { //Getting the dictionary interface. IDictionary dic = (IDictionary)fields[i]. GetValue(newObject); j = 0; foreach( DictionaryEntry de in IEnum ) { //Checking to see if the item //support the ICloneable interface. ICloneType = de.Value.GetType(). GetInterface( "ICloneable" , true ); if( ICloneType != null ) { ICloneable clone = (ICloneable)de.Value; dic[de.Key] = clone.Clone(); } j++; } } } i++; } return newObject; } }