SQL 关于row_number()over()
SQL 关于row_number()over()
今天用到了row_number()over(),现在就以知识点的形式总结一下,以便于以后的回顾。
-------------------参考资料MSDN-------------------
语法:
ROW_NUMBER ( )
OVER ( [ PARTITION BY value_expression , ... [ n ] ] order_by_clause )
通过语法可以看出 over里有两个参数, partition by 和 order by ,其中partition by是可以不写的,但是order by是必须有的。可能对order by 比较熟悉(就是按什么排序),但 partition by是什么意思呢?partition 的中文解释是:n. 划分,分开;[数] 分割;隔墙;隔离物 vt. [数] 分割;分隔;区分。让我们再结合下面的参数说明和实例很容易就理解它的含义了。
参数:
bigint(长整型)
以上是对row_number()over()的理论了解,现在开始用例子演示:
先建表(dbo.PeopleInfo):
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[PeopleInfo]( [id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [name] [nchar](10) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL, [Gender] [nchar](10) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL, [numb] [nchar](10) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL, [phone] [nchar](10) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL, [FenShu] [int] NULL ) ON [PRIMARY]
向表中插入数据:
insert into peopleinfo([name],Gender,numb,phone,fenshu) values ('李欢','男','3223','1365255',80) insert into peopleinfo([name],Gender,numb,phone,fenshu) values ('李欢','男','322123','1',90) insert into peopleinfo([name],Gender,numb,phone,fenshu) values ('李名','男','3213112352','13152',56) insert into peopleinfo([name],Gender,numb,phone,fenshu) values ('李名','女','32132312','13342563',60) insert into peopleinfo([name],Gender,numb,phone,fenshu) values ('王华','女','3223','1365255',80)
查询出所有插入的数据:
select * from dbo.PeopleInfo
结果如图:
例子一:只用order by 不用 partition by 的sql语句如下:
--不用partition by select [name],gender,fenshu, row_number() over(order by fenshu desc) as num from dbo.PeopleInfo
结果如图:
例子二:用order by 也用 partition by 的sql语句如下:
select [name],gender,fenshu, row_number() over(partition by Gender order by fenshu desc) as num from dbo.PeopleInfo
结果如图:
比较例子一和例子二的结果图很容易就明白partition by的用处了,以例子二为例就是先用partition by把性别【Gender】分成两个区一个男一个女,然后再用order by 把每个区里的分数【fenshu】从大到小排序。
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练习题(用到了前面所讲的cte(with。。。as)知识点可以看看):
--查找出不同性别中分数最高的学生 with temp as ( select [name],gender,fenshu, row_number() over(partition by Gender order by fenshu desc) as num from dbo.PeopleInfo ) select * from temp where num = 1
结果如图: