框架介绍
Mybatis介绍
MyBatis 本是apache的一个开源项目iBatis, 2010年这个项目由apache software foundation 迁移到了google code,并且改名为MyBatis。是一个基于Java的持久层框架。
Mybatis本质和Hibernate等持久层框架一样,底层均是基于jdbc的,作用均是实现数据的持久化。
Mybatis和Hibernate对比
对比项 | Mybatis | Hibernate |
---|---|---|
底层原理 | 基于jdbc | 基于jdbc |
开发速度 | 业务无复杂查询时较快,上手快 | 复杂查询语句多时较快。上手慢 |
sql优化 | 复杂 | 手写sql,容易优化 |
缓存 | 支持一级、二级缓存,支持第三方缓存 | 支持一级、更好的二级缓存,支持第三方缓存 |
可移植性 | 不同数据库需写不同sql语句 | Hibernate负责映射 |
日志系统 | 具有自己的日志系统 | 使用第三方日志工具 |
准备工作
创建数据
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` text NOT NULL,
`description` text
) ;
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1', 'uzi', 'a gun');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('2', 'the Shy', 'ChampionTop');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('3', 'rookie', 'ChampionMid');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('4', 'clearlove', 'old man');
资源准备
如果创建的是java项目,那么需要下载以下jar包:
-
mybatis-3.4.6.jar
-
commons-logging-1.2.jar
-
log4j-1.2.17.jar
-
asm-5.2.jar
-
cglib-3.2.5.jar
如果创建的是maven项目,则导入对应依赖即可。
创建项目
我这里创建的是java项目
导入jar包
在项目根目录下创建一个文件夹,命名为lib,将下载好的jar包复制进去后,邮件选中,选择 Buildpath—>add to BuildPath。
创建Mybatis配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!--需要导入mybatis的dtd约束文件 -->
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--
属性
<properties></properties>
全局参数设置
<settings></settings>
类型别名
<typeAliases></typeAliases>
类型处理器
<typeHandles></typeHandles>
对象工厂
<objectFactory></objectFactory>
插件
<plugins></plugins>
以上属性现阶段都可以忽视,后面会详细介绍
-->
<!-- 配置mybatis的环境信息 -->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<!-- 配置JDBC事务控制,由mybatis进行管理 -->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
<!-- 配置数据源,采用dbcp连接池 -->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!-- 使用mappers标签加载sql映射文件 -->
<mappers>
<!-- 此处根据自己实际的sql映射文件位置来填写-->
<mapper resource="com/mybatis/mapping/User.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
创建实体类
package com.mybatis.domain;
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String description;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description= description;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", description=" + description+ "]";
}
}
创建sql映射配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- namespace:命名空间,对sql进行一个分类管理 -->
<!-- 注意:namespace在mapper代理时,具有重要且特殊的作用 -->
<mapper namespace="com.mybatis.mapping.userMapper">
<!--
2 使用id进行查询
3 查询,使用select来表示一个查询的statement,相当于statement.executeQuery
4 id:表示该statement唯一标识
5 parameterType:输入参数类型
6 resultType:输出参数类型,使用的是User类,则会将查询出来的记录封装到该类中
7 #{id}:使用#{}接收输入的参数,其中的"id"属性名任意,可以为uid,也可以为别的。
8 -->
<!-- 查询 -->
<select id="getUser" parameterType="int" resultType="com.mybatis.domain.User">
SELECT * FROM user WHERE id= #{id}
</select>
<!-- 插入 -->
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.mybatis.domain.User">
INSERT INTO user(name,description) VALUES(#{name},#{description})
</insert>
<!--删除-->
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
DELETE FROM user WHERE id= #{id}
</delete>
<!-- 更新 -->
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.mybatis.domain.User">
UPDATE user SET name= #{name},description= #{description} WHERE id = #{id}
</update>
<!--查询所有-->
<select id="getAllUsers" resultType="com.mybatis.domain.User">
SELECT * FROM user;
</select>
</mapper>
完成简单CRUD
创建一个测试类
/**
* @Author {LearnAndGet}
* @Time 2018年12月24日
* @Discription:
*/
package com.mybatis.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import com.mybatis.domain.User;
public class Test {
/**
* @param args
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.读取配置文件
String resource = "SqlMapConfig.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
//2.根据配置文件创建SqlSessionFactory
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//3.SqlSessionFactory创建SqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//4.SqlSession执行statement,并返回映射结果
//查询测试
User user = sqlSession.selectOne("com.mybatis.mapping.userMapper.getUser",1);
System.out.println(user);
//查询所有
List users = sqlSession.selectList("com.mybatis.mapping.userMapper.getAllUsers");
System.out.println(users);
//插入测试
User user2 = new User();
user2.setName("Knight");
user2.setDescription("a killer");
sqlSession.insert("com.mybatis.mapping.userMapper.addUser", user2);
//再次查询所有
List users2 = sqlSession.selectList("com.mybatis.mapping.userMapper.getAllUsers");
System.out.println(users2);
//删除测试
sqlSession.delete("com.mybatis.mapping.userMapper.deleteUser",1);
//再次查询所有
List users3 = sqlSession.selectList("com.mybatis.mapping.userMapper.getAllUsers");
System.out.println(users3);
//更新测试(先查出一个后更新)
User oldUser = sqlSession.selectOne("com.mybatis.mapping.userMapper.getUser",3);
oldUser.setName("GodV");
sqlSession.update("com.mybatis.mapping.userMapper.updateUser", oldUser);
//再次查询所有
List users4 = sqlSession.selectList("com.mybatis.mapping.userMapper.getAllUsers");
System.out.println(users4);
sqlSession.close();
}
}
输出结果如下
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.slf4j.Slf4jImpl' adapter.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - Opening JDBC Connection
DEBUG [main] - Created connection 1988859660.
DEBUG [main] - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@768b970c]
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user WHERE id= ?
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
DEBUG [main] - <== Total: 1
User [id=1, name=uzi, description=a gun]
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user;
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters:
DEBUG [main] - <== Total: 4
[User [id=1, name=uzi, description=a gun], User [id=2, name=the Shy, description=ChampionTop], User [id=3, name=rookie, description=ChampionMid], User [id=4, name=clearlove, description=old man]]
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: INSERT INTO user(name,description) VALUES(?,?)
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: Knight(String), a killer(String)
DEBUG [main] - <== Updates: 1
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user;
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters:
DEBUG [main] - <== Total: 5
[User [id=1, name=uzi, description=a gun], User [id=2, name=the Shy, description=ChampionTop], User [id=3, name=rookie, description=ChampionMid], User [id=4, name=clearlove, description=old man], User [id=5, name=Knight, description=a killer]]
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: DELETE FROM user WHERE id= ?
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
DEBUG [main] - <== Updates: 1
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user;
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters:
DEBUG [main] - <== Total: 4
[User [id=2, name=the Shy, description=ChampionTop], User [id=3, name=rookie, description=ChampionMid], User [id=4, name=clearlove, description=old man], User [id=5, name=Knight, description=a killer]]
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user WHERE id= ?
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 3(Integer)
DEBUG [main] - <== Total: 1
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: UPDATE user SET name= ?,description= ? WHERE id = ?
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: GodV(String), ChampionMid(String), 3(Integer)
DEBUG [main] - <== Updates: 1
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user;
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters:
DEBUG [main] - <== Total: 4
[User [id=2, name=the Shy, description=ChampionTop], User [id=3, name=GodV, description=ChampionMid], User [id=4, name=clearlove, description=old man], User [id=5, name=Knight, description=a killer]]
DEBUG [main] - Rolling back JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@768b970c]
DEBUG [main] - Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@768b970c]
DEBUG [main] - Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@768b970c]
DEBUG [main] - Returned connection 1988859660 to pool.
总结
由上述步骤来看,使用Mybatis来完成一个入门的数据库查询并不困难,一共有以下几个步骤:
- 创建Mybatis的xml配置文件,该配置文件主要约束了Mybatis的行为,包括数据库连接以及sql映射文件位置等
- 创建sql映射的配置文件,在该文件中,将指定的sql语句绑定到一个关键字上
- 创建SqlSession对象,使用SelectOne方法,执行"命名空间+关键字",并附带一个查询参数,即可完成查询。