ASP.NET WEB API 初探

本文初步介绍如何简单创建一个ASP.NET Web Api 程序。

Web Api 顾名思义就是一个Api接口，客户端可调用此接口进行业务操作。此类应用与 ASP.NET  web服务(即使用扩展名.asmx的web服务文件)有一定的相似之处，又有大不同，

ASP.NET Web Api 主要是基于ASP.NET MVC 框架。

废话少说，现在开始。

我用的开发工具是Visul studio 2015。

1. 创建ASP.NET Web Api 项目。

改项目名称为DRMWebAPI，可得如下项目结构。

至此，API项目创建完毕。下面，我们添加新的Controller。在Controllers文件夹下添加NewdealerController.cs文件，如下图：

添加完成之后，我想用post方法传送参数的方式来调用这个接口。所以，我添加了一个类库DRMModel，如下图。

类库中有一个主类 NewDealer,主类NewDealer 包含Dealer，Contact，RDaddress，HouseAddress，SendAddress五个类。

各个类代码如下：

Dealer.cs

 public class Dealer
    {
        public string RecruiterID { get; set; }
        public string Recruiter { get; set; }
        public string NationalID { get; set; }
        public string dealer_name { get; set; }
        public string sex { get; set; }
        public string BirthYear { get; set; }
        public string BirthMonth { get; set; }
        public string BirthDay { get; set; }
    }

Contact.cs

 public class Contact
    {
        public string nightphonezonecode { get; set; }
        public string nightphone { get; set; }
        public string dayphonezonecode { get; set; }
        public string dayphone { get; set; }
        public string dayphoneext { get; set; }
        public string mobilephone { get; set; }
        public string email { get; set; }
        public string occupation { get; set; }
        public string occupation_sel { get; set; }
        public string RecommenderID { get; set; }
        public string RecommenderNationalID { get; set; }
        public string Recommender { get; set; }
        public string EINVOICE { get; set; }
        public string DONATEINVOICE { get; set; }
    }

RDaddress.cs

 public class RDaddress
    {
        public string OLDMAILNO1 { get; set; }
        public string OLDADDRESS1 { get; set; }
    }

HouseAddress.cs

public class HouseAddress
    {
        public string selzipcode { get; set; }
        public string selprovince { get; set; }
        public string selcity { get; set; }
        public string seladdr { get; set; }
        public string sellane { get; set; }
        public string selalley { get; set; }
        public string selno { get; set; }
        public string selfl { get; set; }
        public string selroom { get; set; }
        public string selroomnum { get; set; }
        public string selrecipient { get; set; }
    }

SendAddress.cs

 public class SendAddress
    {
        public string selzipcode1 { get; set; }
        public string selprovince1 { get; set; }
        public string selcity1 { get; set; }
        public string seladdr1 { get; set; }
        public string sellane1 { get; set; }
        public string selalley1 { get; set; }
        public string selno1 { get; set; }
        public string selfl1 { get; set; }
        public string selroom1 { get; set; }
        public string selroomnum1 { get; set; }
        public string selrecipient1 { get; set; }
    }

构造完毕之后，在NewdealerController.cs文件添加如下代码：

using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Text;

namespace DRMWebAPI.Controllers
{
    public class NewdealerController : ApiController
    {
        //post
       
        public string Add([FromBody]DRMModel.NewDealer newDealer)
        {
            return newDealer.Dealer.dealer_name;
        }

    }
}

在这里要说明一下，调用ASP.NET Web API 接口可传json格式的数据，API会自动把json数据转换为C#类型，前提是json格式要正确。

分析NewdealerController中的Add方法，可知，当我们传DRMModel.NewDealer json格式数据时，接口会返回newDealer.Dealer.dealer_name。

好了，那么怎么访问这个接口呢？

我们可以查看App_Start 下的 WebApiConfig.cs 文件。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Http;

namespace DRMWebAPI
{
    public static class WebApiConfig
    {
        public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                name: "DefaultApi",
                routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }
}

此文件定义了API的访问路径，如上所示，访问NewdealerController中的Add方法的路径为 (域名地址/IP)/api/Newdealer/add。

下面，我们尝试调用这个接口，我在HomeController.cs文件中加入如下代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;

namespace DRMWebAPI.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            
            string postdata = "{"Dealer":{"RecruiterID":"1","Recruiter":"2","NationalID":"2","dealer_name":"啊哈哈哈","sex":"1","BirthYear":"1","BirthMonth":"1","BirthDay":"1"},"Contact":{"nightphonezonecode":"1","nightphone":"1","dayphonezonecode":"1","dayphone":"1","dayphoneext":"1","mobilephone":"1","email":"1","occupation":"1","occupation_sel":"1","RecommenderID":"1","RecommenderNationalID":"1","Recommender":"1","EINVOICE":"1","DONATEINVOICE":"1"},"RDaddress":{"OLDMAILNO1":"1","OLDADDRESS1":"1"},"HouseAddress":{"selzipcode":"1","selprovince":"1","selcity":"1","seladdr":"1","sellane":"1","selalley":"1","selno":"1","selfl":"1","selroom":"1","selroomnum":"1","selrecipient":"1"},"SendAddress":{"selzipcode1":"1","selprovince1":"1","selcity1":"1","seladdr1":"1","sellane1":"1","selalley1":"1","selno1":"1","selfl1":"1","selroom1":"1","selroomnum1":"1","selrecipient1":"1"}}";           
            string pageHtml = "";
            var httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://localhost:55706//api/Newdealer/add");
            httpWebRequest.ContentType = "text/json";
            httpWebRequest.Method = "POST";

            using (var streamWriter = new StreamWriter(httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream()))
            {
                

                streamWriter.Write(postdata);
                streamWriter.Flush();
                streamWriter.Close();
            }

            var httpResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
            using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(httpResponse.GetResponseStream()))
            {
                pageHtml = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
            }

            ViewData["pram1"] = pageHtml;

            return View();
        }
    }
}

代码是模拟浏览器的Post提交数据，提交到http://localhost:55706//api/Newdealer/add 的地址里。

其中postdata是我自己定义的NewDealer 类的json格式数据。至于类与json数据如何转换，请自行百度。

然后，我在View文件夹添加Home文件夹，再添加Index.aspx文件。

添加代码：

<%@ Page Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>" %>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head runat="server">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <%= ViewData["pram1"]  %>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

根据以上，当我打开Home/Index时，页面应该会输出postdata这个json格式数据中的"dealer_name":"啊哈哈哈"，即页面会输出：  啊哈哈哈

如下图：

Demo下载地址：http://files.cnblogs.com/files/JinvidLiang/DRMWebAPI.zip