CVS命令深入研究 zz

CVS命令深入研究

 

作者：leizhimin
日期：2006-11-2

 

环境：
Windows server 2003 sp1简体中文版
cvsnt-2.5.03.2260.msi

目录：
一、CVS命令整体结构
二、CVS帮助察看方法概述
三、CVS选项
四、CVS命令
五、CVS命令缩写
六、CVS命令详解
七、CVS实践

======================================================
一、CVS命令整体结构

cvs [ cvs_options ] cvs_command [ command_options ] [ command_args ]

 cvs
 cvs程序的名字.

 cvs_options
 一些会影响所有的cvs子命令的选项。这将在下面描述.

 cvs_command
 一个或多个不同的子命令。一些命令可以使用别名；命令的别名在相应命令的参考手册中有说明。只有两种情况可以忽略cvs_command: cvs -H 显示可选的命令列表，cvs -v 显示cvs自己的版本信息。

 command_options
 说明该命令的选项

 command_args
 这些命令的参数。

 不幸的是在cvs_options和command_options之间存在一些混淆。 -l，当作为一个cvs_option时，只会影响一些命令。当作为command_option时有不同的含义，并会影响更多的命令。换句话说，不要把以上的分类看的很严格。而应该参考相应命令的文档。

 

======================================================
二、CVS帮助察看方法概述
D:\>cvs
Usage: cvs [cvs-options] command [command-options-and-arguments]
  where cvs-options are -q, -n, etc.
    (specify --help-options for a list of options)
  where command is add, admin, etc.
    (specify --help-commands for a list of commands
     or --help-synonyms for a list of command synonyms)
  where command-options-and-arguments depend on the specific command
    (specify -H followed by a command name for command-specific help)
  Specify --help to receive this message

The Concurrent Versions System (CVS) is a tool for version control.
For CVS updates and additional information, see
    the CVSNT home page at [url]http://www.cvsnt.org/[/url]

翻译:
C:\>cvs
用法: cvs [cvs-options(cvs选项)] command(命令) [command-options-and-arguments(选项和主题)]
  cvs选项有-q, -n, 等等.
    (说明 --help-options 查看cvs选项列表)
  cvs的命令有 add, admin, 等等.
    (说明 --help-commands 查看所有命令
     或者 --help-synonyms 查看所有命令的缩写)
  选项和主题依赖于特定的cvs命令
    (说明 -H 放在命令名后,查看特定命令的帮助)
  Specify --help to receive this message

The Concurrent Versions System (CVS) is a tool for version control.
For CVS updates and additional information, see
    the CVSNT home page at [url]http://www.cvsnt.org/[/url]

======================================================

三、CVS选项

D:\>cvs --help-options
CVS global options (specified before the command name) are:
    -H              Displays usage information for command.
    -Q              Cause CVS to be really quiet.
    -q              Cause CVS to be somewhat quiet.
    -r              Make checked-out files read-only.
    -w              Make checked-out files read-write (default).
    -t              Show trace of program execution (repeat for more verbosity) -- try with -n.
    -v              CVS version and copyright.
    -T tmpdir       Use 'tmpdir' for temporary files.
    -e editor       Use 'editor' for editing log information.
    -d CVS_root     Overrides $CVSROOT as the root of the CVS tree.
    -f              Do not use the ~/.cvsrc file.
    -F file         Read command arguments from file.
    -z #            Use compression level '#' for net traffic.
    -c              Checksum files as they are sent to the server.
    -x              Encrypt all net traffic (fail if not encrypted).  Implies -a.
    -y              Encrypt all net traffic (if supported by protocol).  Implies -a.
    -a              Authenticate/sign all net traffic.
    -N              Supress network share error. (UNSUPPORTED OPTION)
    -s VAR=VAL      Set CVS user variable.
    -L              Override cvs library directory
    -C              Override cvs configuration directory
    -o[locale]      Translate between server and client locale.
                    Specifying a locale here overrides the default (autodetected on CVSNT 2.0.58+).
    -O              Disable client/server locale translation.

    --version       CVS version and copyright.
    --encrypt       Encrypt all net traffic (if supported by protocol).
    --authenticate  Authenticate all net traffic (if supported by protocol).
    --readonly      Server is read only for all users.

(Specify the --help option for a list of other help options)

======================================================
四、CVS命令

D:\>cvs --help-commands
CVS commands are:
        add          Add a new file/directory to the repository
        admin        Administration front end for rcs
        annotate     Show last revision where each line was modified
        chacl        Change the Access Control List for a directory
        checkout     Checkout sources for editing
        chown        Change the owner of a directory
        commit       Check files into the repository
        diff         Show differences between revisions
        edit         Get ready to edit a watched file
        editors      See who is editing a watched file
        export       Export sources from CVS, similar to checkout
        history      Show repository access history
        import       Import sources into CVS, using vendor branches
        init         Create a CVS repository if it doesn't exist
        info         Display information about supported protocols
        log          Print out history information for files
        login        Prompt for password for authenticating server
        logout       Removes entry in .cvspass for remote repository
        ls           List files in the repository
        lsacl        List the directories Access Control List
        passwd       Set the user's password (Admin: Administer users)
        authserver   Authentication server mode
        rannotate    Show last revision where each line of module was modified
        rdiff        Create 'patch' format diffs between releases
        release      Indicate that a Module is no longer in use
        remove       Remove an entry from the repository
        rename       Rename a file or directory
        rchacl       Change the Access Control List for a directory
        rchown       Change the owner of a directory
        rlsacl       List the directories Access Control List
        rlog         Print out history information for a module
        rtag         Add a symbolic tag to a module
        server       Server mode
        status       Display status information on checked out files
        tag          Add a symbolic tag to checked out version of files
        unedit       Undo an edit command
        update       Bring work tree in sync with repository
        version      Show current CVS version(s)
        watch        Set watches
        watchers     See who is watching a file
        xdiff        Show differences between revisions using an external diff program
(Specify the --help option for a list of other help options)

======================================================
五、CVS命令缩写

D:\>cvs --help-synonyms
CVS command synonyms are:
        add          ad new
        admin        adm rcs
        annotate     ann
        authserver   pserver
        chacl        setacl setperm
        checkout     co get
        chown        setowner
        commit       ci com
        diff         di dif
        export       exp ex
        history      hi his
        import       im imp
        info         inf
        log          lo
        login        logon lgn
        ls           dir list
        lsacl        lsattr listperm
        rlsacl       rlsattr rlistperm
        passwd       password setpass
        rannotate    rann ra
        rchacl       rsetacl rsetperm
        rchown       rsetowner
        rdiff        patch pa
        release      re rel
        remove       rm delete
        rename       ren mv
        rlog         rl
        rtag         rt rfreeze
        status       st stat
        tag          ta freeze
        update       up upd
        version      ve ver
        xdiff        xd
(Specify the --help option for a list of other help options)

======================================================
六、CVS命令详解

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H add
Usage: cvs add [-k rcs-kflag] [-m message] files...
        -b <bugid>      Set the bug identifier (repeat for multiple bugs).
        -k      Use "rcs-kflag" to add the file with the specified kflag.
        -m      Use "message" for the creation log.
        -r <branch>     Add onto a different branch.
        -f      Force replacement of deleted files.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H admin
Usage: cvs admin [options] files...
        -l[rev]    Lock revision (latest revision on branch,
                   latest revision on trunk if omitted). (DEPRECIATED)
        -m rev:msg  Replace revision's log message.
        -o range   Physically delete (outdate) specified range of revisions:
           rev1:rev2   Between rev1 and rev2, including rev1 and rev2.
           rev1::rev2  Between rev1 and rev2, excluding rev1 and rev2.
           rev:        rev and following revisions on the same branch.
           rev::       After rev on the same branch.
           :rev        rev and previous revisions on the same branch.
           ::rev       Before rev on the same branch.
           rev         Just rev.
        -p [rev:]prop=val Set global or versioned property.
        -q         Run quietly.
        -t[file]   Get descriptive text from file (stdin if omitted).
        -t-string  Set descriptive text.
        -u[rev]    Unlock the revision (latest revision on branch,
                   latest revision on trunk if omitted).
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

THIS COMMAND IS FOR CVS ADMINISTRATORS ONLY.  DON'T USE IT UNLESS YOU
KNOW EXACTLY WHAT YOU ARE DOING, AND WHAT THE CONSEQUENCES ARE.

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H annotate
Usage: cvs annotate [-lRf] [-r rev] [-D date] [files...]
        -l      Local directory only, no recursion.
        -R      Process directories recursively.
        -f      Use head revision if tag/date not found.
        -r rev  Annotate file as of specified revision/tag.
        -D date Annotate file as of specified date.
        -w width        Modify width of username field (default 8).
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H authserver
Usage: cvs authserver
  Normally invoked by a cvs client on a remote machine.

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H chacl
Usage: cvs chacl [-R] [-r branch] [-u user] [-j branch] [-n] [-p priority] [-m message] [-a [no]{r
d|write|create|tag|control|all|none}[,...]] [-d] [file or directory...]
        -a access       Set access
        -d              Delete ACL
        -j branch       Apply when merging from branch
        -m message      Custom error message
        -n              Do not inherit ACL
        -p priority     Override ACL priority
        -r branch       Apply to single branch
        -R              Recursively change subdirectories
        -u user         Apply to single user
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H checkout
Usage:
  cvs checkout [-ANPRcflnps] [-r rev] [-D date] [-d dir]
    [-j rev1] [-j rev2] [-k kopt] modules...
        -A      Reset any sticky tags/date/kopts.
        -N      Don't shorten module paths if -d specified.
        -P      Prune empty directories.
        -R      Process directories recursively.
        -c      "cat" the module database.
        -f      Force a head revision match if tag/date not found.
        -l      Local directory only, not recursive
        -n      Do not run module program (if any).
        -p      Check out files to standard output (avoids stickiness).
        -s      Like -c, but include module status.
        -r rev  Check out revision or tag. (implies -P) (is sticky)
        -D date Check out revisions as of date. (implies -P) (is sticky)
        -d dir  Check out into dir instead of module name.
        -k kopt Use RCS kopt -k option on checkout. (is sticky)
        -j rev  Merge in changes made between current revision and rev.
        -b      Perform -j merge from branch point.
        -m      Perform -j merge from last merge point (default).
        -3      Produce 3-way conflicts.
        -S      Select between conflicting case sensitive names.
        -t      Update using last checkin time.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H chown
Usage: cvs chown [-R] user directory...
        -R      Change owner recursively

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H commit
Usage: cvs commit [DnRlf] [-B bug | -b bug ] [-m msg | -F logfile] files...
        -b bugid        Only commit files related to bug.
        -B bugid        Mark files with bug.
        -c              Check for valid edits before committing.
        -D              Assume all files are modified.
        -F logfile      Read the log message from file.
        -e              Keep edited files.
        -f              Force the file to be committed; disables recursion.
        -n              Do not run the module program (if any).
        -l              Local directory only (not recursive).
        -m message      Log message.
        -R              Process directories recursively.
        -T              Move empty branches (where possible).
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H diff
Usage: cvs diff [-lNR] [rcsdiff-options]
    [[-r rev1 | -D date1] [-r rev2 | -D date2]] [files...]
        -l      Local directory only, not recursive
        -R      Process directories recursively.
        -D d1   Diff revision for date against working file.
        -D d2   Diff rev1/date1 against date2.
        -N      include diffs for added and removed files.
        -r rev1 Diff revision for rev1 against working file.
        -r rev2 Diff rev1/date1 against rev2.
        --ifdef=arg     Output diffs in ifdef format.
(consult the documentation for your diff program for rcsdiff-options.
The most popular is -c for context diffs but there are many more).
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H export
Usage: cvs export [-NRfln] [-r rev] [-D date] [-d dir] [-k kopt] module...
        -N      Don't shorten module paths if -d specified.
        -f      Force a head revision match if tag/date not found.
        -l      Local directory only, not recursive
        -R      Process directories recursively (default).
        -n      Do not run module program (if any).
        -r rev  Export revision or tag.
        -D date Export revisions as of date.
        -d dir  Export into dir instead of module name.
        -k kopt Use RCS kopt -k option on checkout.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H history
Usage: cvs history [-report] [-flags] [-options args] [files...]

   Reports:
        -T              Produce report on all TAGs
        -c              Committed (Modified) files
        -o              Checked out modules
        -m <module>     Look for specified module (repeatable)
        -x [TOEFWUCGMAReu] Extract by record type
        -e              Everything (same as -x, but all record types)
   Flags:
        -a              All users (Default is self)
        -l              Last modified (committed or modified report)
        -w              Working directory must match
   Options:
        -D <date>       Since date (Many formats)
        -b <str>        Back to record with str in module/file/repos field
        -f <file>       Specified file (same as command line) (repeatable)
        -n <modulename> In module (repeatable)
        -p <repos>      In repository (repeatable)
        -r <rev/tag>    Since rev or tag (looks inside RCS files!)
        -t <tag>        Since tag record placed in history file (by anyone).
        -u <user>       For user name (repeatable)
        -z <tz>         Output for time zone <tz> (e.g. -z -0700)
        -B <bugid>      Containing bug <bugid>

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H import
Usage: cvs import [-C] [-d] [-f] [-h] [-k subst] [-I ign] [-m msg] [-b branch]
    [-W spec] [-n] [-F] repository [vendor-tag] [release-tags...]
        -C      Create CVS directories while importing.
        -d      Use the file's modification time as the time of import.
        -f      Overwrite existing release tags.
        -k sub  Set RCS keyword substitution mode.
        -I ign  More files to ignore (! to reset, @ to skip .cvsignore).
        -b bra  Vendor branch id.
        -m msg  Log message.
        -h      Include hidden files.
        -W spec Wrappers specification line (! to reset).
        -n      Don't create vendor branch or release tags.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H info
Usage: cvs info [-c|-s|-b|-r server] [cvswrappers|cvsignore|config|<protocol>]
        -c              Describe client (default)
        -s              Describe server
        -b              Browse local servers
        -r server       Examine public information from remote server
        -v              More verbose output
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H log
Usage: cvs log [-lRhtNbT] [-r[revisions]] [-B bugid] [-d dates] [-s states]
    [-w[logins]] [files...]
        -B bugid        Only list revisions related to bug.
        -b              Only list revisions on the default branch.
        -d dates        Specify dates (D1<D2 for range, D for latest before).
        -h              Only print header.
        -l              Local directory only, no recursion.
        -R              Only print name of RCS file.
        -r[revisions]   Specify revision(s)s to list.
                rev1:rev2       Between rev1 and rev2, including rev1 and rev2.
                rev1::rev2      Between rev1 and rev2, excluding rev1 and rev2.
                rev1:::rev2     Between rev1 and rev2, excluding rev1.
                rev:            rev and following revisions on the same branch.
                rev::           After rev on the same branch.
                :rev            rev and previous revisions on the same branch.
                ::rev           Before rev on the same branch.
                rev             Just rev.
                branch          All revisions on the branch.
                branch.         The last revision on the branch.
        -S              Supress information when no revisions are selected.
        -T              Use local time not GMT.
        -t              Only print header and descriptive text.
        -N              Do not list tags.
        -w[logins]      Only list revisions checked in by specified logins.
        -X              cvs 1.x/RCS 5.7 compatible output.
        -x              cvsnt 2.x compatible output (default).
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H login
Usage: cvs login [-p password]
        -p password     Specify password to use (default is to prompt)
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H ls
Usage: cvs ls [-q] [-e] [-l] [-R] [-r rev] [-D date] [-t] [modules...]
        -D date Show files from date.
        -e      Display in CVS/Entries format.
        -l      Display all details.
        -P      Ignore empty directories.
        -q      Quieter output.
        -R      List recursively.
        -r rev  Show files with revision or tag.
        -T      Show time in local time instead of GMT.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H lsacl
Usage: cvs lsacl [-d] [-R] [file or directory...]
        -d      Show directories only
        -R      Recurse unto subdirectories

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H rlsacl
Usage: cvs rlsacl [-d] [-R] [module...]
        -d      Show directories only
        -R      Recurse unto subdirectories

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H passwd
Usage: cvs passwd [-a] [-x] [-X] [-r real_user] [-R] [-D domain] [username]
        -a      Add user
        -x      Disable user
        -X      Delete user
        -r      Alias username to real system user
        -R      Remove alias to real system user
        -D      Use domain password

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H rannotate
Usage: cvs rannotate [-lRf] [-r rev] [-D date] [files...]
        -l      Local directory only, no recursion.
        -R      Process directories recursively.
        -f      Use head revision if tag/date not found.
        -r rev  Annotate file as of specified revision/tag.
        -D date Annotate file as of specified date.
        -w width        Modify width of username field (default 8).
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H rchacl
Usage: cvs rchacl [-R] [-r branch] [-u user] [-j branch] [-n] [-p priority] [-m message] [-a [no]{
ad|write|create|tag|control|all|none}[,...]] [-d] [module...]
        -a access       Set access
        -d              Delete ACL
        -j branch       Apply when merging from branch
        -m message      Custom error message
        -n              Do not inherit ACL
        -p priority     Override ACL priority
        -r branch       Apply to single branch
        -R              Recursively change subdirectories
        -u user         Apply to single user
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H rchown
Usage: cvs rchown [-R] user module...
        -R      Change owner recursively

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H rdiff
Usage: cvs rdiff [-flR] [-c|-u] [-s|-t] [-V %d]
    -r rev|-D date [-r rev2 | -D date2] modules...
        -f      Force a head revision match if tag/date not found.
        -l      Local directory only, not recursive
        -R      Process directories recursively.
        -c      Context diffs (default)
        -u      Unidiff format.
        -s      Short patch - one liner per file.
        -t      Top two diffs - last change made to the file.
        -D date Date.
        -r rev  Revision - symbolic or numeric.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H release
Usage: cvs release [-d [-f]] [-e] [-y] directories...
        -d      Delete the given directory.
        -f      Delete contents of directories including non-cvs files.
        -e      Delete CVS control files in the given directory (export).
        -y      Assume answer yes to all questions.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H remove
Usage: cvs remove [-flR] [files...]
        -f      Delete the file before removing it.
        -l      Process this directory only (not recursive).
        -R      Process directories recursively.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H rename
Usage: cvs rename [-q] <source> <target>
        -q      Quieter output.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H rlog
Usage: cvs rlog [-lRhtNbT] [-r[revisions]] [-B bugid] [-d dates] [-s states]
    [-w[logins]] [files...]
        -B bugid        Only list revisions related to bug.
        -b              Only list revisions on the default branch.
        -d dates        Specify dates (D1<D2 for range, D for latest before).
        -h              Only print header.
        -l              Local directory only, no recursion.
        -R              Only print name of RCS file.
        -r[revisions]   Specify revision(s)s to list.
                rev1:rev2       Between rev1 and rev2, including rev1 and rev2.
                rev1::rev2      Between rev1 and rev2, excluding rev1 and rev2.
                rev1:::rev2     Between rev1 and rev2, excluding rev1.
                rev:            rev and following revisions on the same branch.
                rev::           After rev on the same branch.
                :rev            rev and previous revisions on the same branch.
                ::rev           Before rev on the same branch.
                rev             Just rev.
                branch          All revisions on the branch.
                branch.         The last revision on the branch.
        -S              Supress information when no revisions are selected.
        -T              Use local time not GMT.
        -t              Only print header and descriptive text.
        -N              Do not list tags.
        -w[logins]      Only list revisions checked in by specified logins.
        -X              cvs 1.x/RCS 5.7 compatible output.
        -x              cvsnt 2.x compatible output (default).
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H rtag
Usage: cvs rtag [-abdFflnR] [-r rev|-D date] tag modules...
        -A      Make alias of existing branch (requires -r).
        -b      Make the tag a "branch" tag, allowing concurrent development.
        -d      Delete the given tag.
        -F      Move tag if it already exists.
        -B      Allow move/delete of branch tag (not recommended).
        -f      Force a head revision match if tag/date not found.
        -l      Local directory only, not recursive.
        -n      No execution of 'tag program'.
        -m message      Specify message for logs.
        -M      Create floating branch.
        -R      Process directories recursively.
        -r rev  Existing revision/tag.
        -D      Existing date.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H status
Usage: cvs status [-vlR] [files...]
        -v      Verbose format; includes tag information for the file
        -l      Process this directory only (not recursive).
        -R      Process directories recursively.
        -q      Display a quick summary of each file (send more increased terseness).
        -x      cvsnt 2.x compatible output (default).
        -X      cvs 1.x compatible output.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H tag
Usage: cvs tag [-bcdFflR] [-r rev|-D date] tag [files...]
        -A      Make alias of existing branch (requires -r).
        -b      Make the tag a "branch" tag, allowing concurrent development.
        -c      Check that working files are unmodified.
        -d      Delete the given tag.
        -F      Move tag if it already exists.
        -B      Allow move/delete of branch tag (not recommended).
        -f      Force a head revision match if tag/date not found.
        -l      Local directory only, not recursive.
        -m message      Specify message for logs.
        -M      Create floating branch.
        -R      Process directories recursively.
        -r rev  Existing revision/tag.
        -D      Existing date.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H update
Usage: cvs update [-ACPdflRpbmt] [-k kopt] [-r rev] [-D date] [-j rev]
    [-B bugid] [-I ign] [-W spec] [files...]
        -3      Produce 3-way conflicts.
        -A      Reset any sticky tags/date/kopts.
        -B bugid        Perform -j Merge bounded by bug.
        -b      Perform -j merge from branch point.
        -C      Overwrite locally modified files with clean repository copies.
        -c      Update base revision copies.
        -D date Set date to update from (is sticky).
        -d      Build directories, like checkout does.
        -e[bugid]       Automatically edit modified/merged files.
        -f      Force a head revision match if tag/date not found.
        -I ign  More files to ignore (! to reset).
        -j rev  Merge in changes made between current revision and rev.
        -k kopt Use RCS kopt -k option on checkout. (is sticky)
        -l      Local directory only, no recursion.
        -m      Perform -j merge from last merge point (default).
        -P      Prune empty directories.
        -p      Send updates to standard output (avoids stickiness).
        -R      Process directories recursively.
        -r rev  Update using specified revision/tag (is sticky).
        -S      Select between conflicting case sensitive names.
        -t      Update using last checkin time.
        -W spec Wrappers specification line (! to reset).
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H version
Usage: cvs version
        -q      Just display version number.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

D:\>cvs -H xdiff
Usage: cvs xdiff [-lNR] [-o xdiff-options]
    [[-r rev1 | -D date1] [-r rev2 | -D date2]] [files...]
        -D d1   Diff revision for date against working file.
        -D d2   Diff rev1/date1 against date2.
        -N      include diffs for added and removed files.
        -R      Process directories recursively.
        -l      Local directory only, not recursive
        -o      Pass extra options to xdiff
        -r rev1 Diff revision for rev1 against working file.
        -r rev2 Diff rev1/date1 against rev2.
(consult the documentation for your xdiff extension for xdiff-options.
(Specify the --help global option for a list of other help options)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

======================================================

七、CVS实践

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
1.添加二进制jar文件.
D:\Projects\TopUBP\lib\hibernate3>cvs add -kb *.jar
cvs server: scheduling file `hibernate3.jar' for addition
cvs server: scheduling file `ehcache-1.1.jar' for addition
cvs server: scheduling file `cglib-2.1.jar' for addition
cvs server: scheduling file `asm-attrs.jar' for addition
cvs server: scheduling file `asm.jar' for addition
cvs server: scheduling file `antlr-2.7.5H3.jar' for addition
cvs server: scheduling file `commons-lang-2.0.jar' for addition
cvs server: use 'cvs commit' to add these files permanently

D:\Projects\TopUBP\lib\hibernate3>cvs commit