• 数据结构-二叉树 C和C++实现


    二叉树,指针域具有两个“下一节点域”的特殊链表结构。

    先来看看它的结构

    来看程序中需要使用到的概念:

    1、基本概念:

    树根:二叉树的第一个节点,如图“10”为树根,也叫根节点

    子树:对于某一个节点指针域指向的节点,左指针指向的节点为左子节点,右指针指向的节点为右子节点

    树高:树的层数,如图树高为3

    树宽:树在最多节点一层的节点数,如图树宽为4

    叶子:不具有子树的节点,如图有4个叶子,分别为8、7、5、4

    2、树的形态:

    满二叉树:每一层上的节点数都是当层的最大节点数的二叉树,如上图为一颗满二叉树。

    完全二叉树:对于一颗满二叉树,从右往左删除它的叶子节点,那么任意这样子的树都称为完全二叉树。若图中橙色的“4”删除掉,则为完全二叉树。

    3、遍历方法:

    先序遍历:按照“根->左子树->右子树”的顺序遍历数据。如图遍历顺序为(黑色数字):10,9,8,7,6,5,4

    中序遍历:按照“左子树->根->右子树”的顺序遍历数据。如图遍历顺序为(黑色数字):8,9,7,10,5,6,4

    后序遍历:按照“左子树->右子树->根”的顺序遍历数据。如图遍历顺序为(黑色数字):8,7,9,5,4,6,10




    C语言版本

    C语言版本测试中用开头图中的例子:

    如图这棵树有7个节点,红色数字为节点编号,圆圈内黑色数字为节点的值。

    包含BiTreeNode、BinaryTree、Queue三个部分。main中为测试程序。

    BiTreeNode为数的节点操作、BinaryTree为树本身的操作。Queue只用于统计宽度。

    树的重要程序文件:

    BiTreeNode.c:

    #include <string.h>
    #include "BiTreeNode.h"
    
    
    
    bool BiTreeNode_Reset(BiTreeNode *node,int index, TreeElem data);
    bool BiTreeNode_Delete(BiTreeNode *node);
    int BiTreeNode_getIndex(BiTreeNode *node);
    TreeElem BiTreeNode_getData(BiTreeNode *node);
    BiTreeNode *BiTreeNode_getParent(BiTreeNode *node);
    BiTreeNode *BiTreeNode_getLChild(BiTreeNode *node);
    BiTreeNode *BiTreeNode_getRChild(BiTreeNode *node);
    bool BiTreeNode_setIndex(BiTreeNode *node,int index);
    bool BiTreeNode_setData(BiTreeNode *node,TreeElem data);
    bool BiTreeNode_setParenet(BiTreeNode *node,BiTreeNode *parent);
    bool BiTreeNode_setLChild(BiTreeNode *node,BiTreeNode *child);
    bool BiTreeNode_setRChild(BiTreeNode *node,BiTreeNode *child);
    
    BiTreeNode *BiTreeNode_NodeSearch(BiTreeNode *node,int index);
    int NodeLeavesStatistics(BiTreeNode *Node,int leaves);//统计叶子数
    int NodeChildrenNodeHeigh(BiTreeNode *Node); //统计子节点的最大高度(包含本节点)/(以本节点作为根求树的高度)
    
    void BiTreeNode_PreorderTraversal(BiTreeNode *node);
    void BiTreeNode_InorderTraversal(BiTreeNode *node);
    void BiTreeNode_SubsequentTraversal(BiTreeNode *node);
    
    
    bool BiTreeNode_Reset(BiTreeNode *node,int index, TreeElem data)
    {
        if(node == NULL)
        {
             return false;//please malloc first.
        }
        node->iIndex = index;
        node->tData = data;
        node->pParent = NULL;
        node->pLeftChild = NULL;
        node->pRightChild = NULL;
        return true;
    }
    
    bool BiTreeNode_Delete(BiTreeNode *node)
    {
        if(node == NULL)
        {
            return false;
        }
        if(node->pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            BiTreeNode_Delete(node->pLeftChild);
            node->pLeftChild = NULL;
        }
        if(node->pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            BiTreeNode_Delete(node->pRightChild);
            node->pRightChild = NULL;        
        }
        node->pParent = NULL;
        free(node);
        return true;
    }
    
    int BiTreeNode_getIndex(BiTreeNode *node)
    {
        return node->iIndex;
    }
    
    TreeElem BiTreeNode_getData(BiTreeNode *node)
    {
        return node->tData;
    }
    
    BiTreeNode *BiTreeNode_getParent(BiTreeNode *node)
    {
        return node->pParent;
    }
    BiTreeNode *BiTreeNode_getLChild(BiTreeNode *node)
    {
        return node->pLeftChild;
    }
    BiTreeNode *BiTreeNode_getRChild(BiTreeNode *node)
    {
        return node->pRightChild;
    }
    bool BiTreeNode_setIndex(BiTreeNode *node,int index)
    {
        if(node == NULL)
        {
            return false;
        }
    
        node->iIndex = index;
        return true;
    }
    bool BiTreeNode_setData(BiTreeNode *node,TreeElem data)
    {
        if(node==NULL)
        {
            return false;
        }
    
        node->tData = data;
        return true;
    }
    bool BiTreeNode_setParenet(BiTreeNode *node,BiTreeNode *parent)
    {
        node->pParent = parent;
        return true;
    }
    bool BiTreeNode_setLChild(BiTreeNode *node,BiTreeNode *child)
    {
        node->pLeftChild = child;
        return true;
    }
    bool BiTreeNode_setRChild(BiTreeNode *node,BiTreeNode *child)
    {
        node->pRightChild = child;
        return true;
    }
    
    BiTreeNode *BiTreeNode_NodeSearch(BiTreeNode *node,int index)
    {
        BiTreeNode  *tempNode = NULL;
        if(node->iIndex == index)
        {
            return node;
        }
        if(node->pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            tempNode = BiTreeNode_NodeSearch(node->pLeftChild,index);
            if(tempNode != NULL)
            {
                return tempNode;
            }
        }
        if(node->pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            tempNode = BiTreeNode_NodeSearch(node->pRightChild,index);
            if(tempNode != NULL)
            {
                return tempNode;
            }
        }
        return NULL;
    }
    
    int NodeLeavesStatistics(BiTreeNode *Node,int leaves)//统计叶子数
    {
        if(Node->pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            leaves = NodeLeavesStatistics(Node->pLeftChild,leaves);
        }
        if(Node->pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            leaves = NodeLeavesStatistics(Node->pRightChild,leaves);
        }
        if(Node->pLeftChild == NULL && Node->pRightChild == NULL)
        {
            leaves ++;
        }
        return leaves;        
    }
    
    int NodeChildrenNodeHeigh(BiTreeNode *Node) //统计子节点的最大高度(包含本节点)/(以本节点作为根求树的高度)
    {
        int heightLeft =0 ;
        int heightRight =0; 
        if(Node->pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            heightLeft += NodeChildrenNodeHeigh(Node->pLeftChild);    
        }
        if(Node->pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            heightRight += NodeChildrenNodeHeigh(Node->pRightChild);
        }
        if(heightRight > heightLeft)
        {
            return ++heightRight;
        }
        else
        {
            return ++heightLeft;
        }    
    }
    
    int NodeChildrenStatistics(BiTreeNode *node)//统计子节点数(包括本节点)
    {
        int iCnt=0;
        if(node->pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            iCnt+=NodeChildrenStatistics(node->pLeftChild);
        }
        if(node->pRightChild!= NULL)
        {
            iCnt+=NodeChildrenStatistics(node->pRightChild);;
        }
        iCnt++;
        return iCnt;    
    }
    
    //traversal
    void BiTreeNode_PreorderTraversal(BiTreeNode *node)
    {
        printf("Index:%d,Data:%d
    ",node->iIndex ,node->tData);
    
        if(node->pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            BiTreeNode_PreorderTraversal(node->pLeftChild);
        }
    
        if(node->pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            BiTreeNode_PreorderTraversal(node->pRightChild);
        }
    }
    void BiTreeNode_InorderTraversal(BiTreeNode *node)
    {
        if(node->pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            BiTreeNode_InorderTraversal(node->pLeftChild);
        }
    
        printf("Index:%d,Data:%d
    ",node->iIndex ,node->tData);
    
        if(node->pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            BiTreeNode_InorderTraversal(node->pRightChild);
        }
    }
    void BiTreeNode_SubsequentTraversal(BiTreeNode *node)
    {
        if(node->pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            BiTreeNode_SubsequentTraversal(node->pLeftChild);
        }
    
        if(node->pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            BiTreeNode_SubsequentTraversal(node->pRightChild);
        }
    
        printf("Index:%d,Data:%d
    ",node->iIndex ,node->tData);
    }
    View Code

    BiTreeNode.h:

    #ifndef _BITREENODE_H
    #define _BITREENODE_H
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include "Mystdbool.h"
    
    
    typedef int TreeElem;
    
    /*节点定义*/
    typedef struct bitreenode
    {
        TreeElem tData;
        int iIndex;
        struct bitreenode *pParent;
        struct bitreenode *pLeftChild;
        struct bitreenode *pRightChild;
    }BiTreeNode;
    
    //create and delete
    bool BiTreeNode_Reset(BiTreeNode *node,int index ,TreeElem data);
    bool BiTreeNode_Delete(BiTreeNode *node);
    //get
    int BiTreeNode_getIndex(BiTreeNode *node);
    TreeElem BiTreeNode_getData(BiTreeNode *node);
    BiTreeNode *BiTreeNode_getParent(BiTreeNode *node);
    BiTreeNode *BiTreeNode_getLChild(BiTreeNode *node);
    BiTreeNode *BiTreeNode_getRChild(BiTreeNode *node);
    //set
    bool BiTreeNode_setIndex(BiTreeNode *node,int index);
    bool BiTreeNode_setData(BiTreeNode *node,TreeElem data);
    bool BiTreeNode_setParenet(BiTreeNode *node,BiTreeNode *parent);
    bool BiTreeNode_setLChild(BiTreeNode *node,BiTreeNode *child);
    bool BiTreeNode_setRChild(BiTreeNode *node,BiTreeNode *child);
    //search and statistics
    BiTreeNode *BiTreeNode_NodeSearch(BiTreeNode *node,int index);
    int NodeLeavesStatistics(BiTreeNode *Node,int leaves);//统计叶子数
    int NodeChildrenNodeHeigh(BiTreeNode *Node); //统计子节点的最大高度(包含本节点)/(以本节点作为根求树的高度)
    int NodeChildrenStatistics(BiTreeNode *node);//统计子节点数(包括本节点)
    //Traversal
    void BiTreeNode_PreorderTraversal(BiTreeNode *node);
    void BiTreeNode_InorderTraversal(BiTreeNode *node);
    void BiTreeNode_SubsequentTraversal(BiTreeNode *node);
    #endif
    View Code

    BinaryTree.c

    #include "BinaryTree.h"
    
    bool BinaryTreeCreate(BinaryTree *tree,int size,int rootdata);
    bool BinaryTreeDelete(BinaryTree *tree);
    bool IsTreeFull(BinaryTree *tree);
    //search and statistics
    BiTreeNode* getNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int index);
    int getLeaves(BinaryTree *tree);
    int getHeight(BinaryTree *tree);
    int getWidth(BinaryTree *tree);
    int getTreeNodeNumber(BinaryTree *tree);
    int getTreeMaxCapacity(BinaryTree *tree);
    //add and delete
    bool addLeftNodeByNode(BinaryTree *tree,int index,TreeElem data,BiTreeNode *pNode);    //添加左子树(使用父节点地址)  
    bool addRightNodeByNode(BinaryTree *tree,int index,TreeElem data,BiTreeNode *pNode);     //添加右子树(使用父节点地址)
    bool addLeftNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int newIndex,TreeElem data,int searchIndex);    //添加左子树(使用索引)
    bool addRightNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int newIndex,TreeElem data,int searchIndex);   //添加右子树(使用索引)
    bool deleteNodeByNode(BinaryTree *tree,BiTreeNode *pNode);
    bool deleteNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int index);    
    //traversal
    void PreorderTraversal(BinaryTree *tree);                                            //先序遍历
    void InorderTraversal(BinaryTree *tree)    ;                                            //中序遍历
    void SubsequentTraversal(BinaryTree *tree);                                            //后序遍历
    
    //create
    bool BinaryTreeCreate(BinaryTree *tree,int size,int rootdata)
    {
        tree->iMaxSize = size;
        tree->iSize=1;
        tree->pRoot = (BiTreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(BiTreeNode));
        BiTreeNode_Reset(tree->pRoot,1,rootdata);
        //tree->pRoot->pLeftChild = 0;
        //tree->pRoot->pRightChild = 0;
        //tree->pRoot->pParent = 0;
        return true;
    }
    bool BinaryTreeDelete(BinaryTree *tree)
    {
        if(tree->pRoot == NULL)
        {
            return false;
        }
        deleteNodeByNode(tree,tree->pRoot);
        return true;
    }
    
    
    
    bool IsTreeFull(BinaryTree *tree)
    {
        if(tree->iSize >= tree->iMaxSize)
            return true;
        return false;
    }
    
    
    //search and statics
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /**********************节点搜索*************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    BiTreeNode* getNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int index)
    {
        return BiTreeNode_NodeSearch(tree->pRoot,index);    
    }
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /**********************叶子统计*************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    int getLeaves(BinaryTree *tree)
    {
        return NodeLeavesStatistics(tree->pRoot,0);
    }
    
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /**********************高度统计*************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    int getHeight(BinaryTree *tree)
    {
        return NodeChildrenNodeHeigh(tree->pRoot);
    }
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /**********************宽度统计*************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    int getWidth(BinaryTree *tree)
    {
        int maxWidth=1;                //save max width
        int parentWidth=0;            //save this width
        int childrenWidth=0;        //save next width
        BiTreeNode *tempNode = tree->pRoot;
        Queue *myQueue = (Queue*)malloc(sizeof(Queue));
    
        //create queue
        Queue_Create(myQueue,30);
    
        if(tempNode -> pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            Queue_push(myQueue,tempNode -> pLeftChild);
            parentWidth ++;
        }
        if(tempNode -> pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            Queue_push(myQueue,tempNode ->pRightChild);
            parentWidth ++;
        }
    
        while(!isQueueEmpty(myQueue))
        {
            while(parentWidth>0)
            {
                tempNode = Queue_front(myQueue);
                Queue_pop(myQueue);
                if(tempNode -> pLeftChild != NULL)
                {
                    Queue_push(myQueue , tempNode -> pLeftChild);
                    childrenWidth ++;
                }
                if(tempNode -> pRightChild != NULL)
                {
                    Queue_push(myQueue , tempNode -> pRightChild);
                    childrenWidth ++;
                }
                parentWidth --;
            }
            parentWidth = childrenWidth;
            if(parentWidth > maxWidth)
            {
                maxWidth = parentWidth;
            }
            childrenWidth =0;
        }
    
        Queue_Delete(myQueue);
        myQueue = NULL;
    
        return maxWidth;    
    }
    /****************************************************************************************/ 
    //name:      getTreeNowSize(BinaryTree *tree)
    //describ:   You will get how much node that the tree has.
    //called:     
    //input:     tree:tree address; index:new node 
    //output:    Number of nodes
    /****************************************************************************************/
    int getTreeNowSize(BinaryTree *tree)
    {
        //quickly search
        //return tree->iSize;
    
        return NodeChildrenStatistics(tree->pRoot);
    }
    /****************************************************************************************/ 
    //name:      getTreeNodeNumber(BinaryTree *tree)
    //describ:   You will get the maximum capacity of the tree.
    //called:     
    //input:     tree:tree address; index:new node 
    //output:    Tree capacity
    /****************************************************************************************/
    int getTreeMaxCapacity(BinaryTree *tree)
    {
        return tree->iMaxSize;
    }
    
    //add/delete
    /****************************************************************************************/ 
    //name:      addLeftNodeByNode(BinaryTree *tree,int index,TreeElem data,BiTreeNode *pNode) 
    //describ:   adding a left child to pNode in tree.
    //called:     
    //input:     tree:tree address; index:new node index; data:new node data; pNode:father node
    //output:    true/false
    /****************************************************************************************/
    bool addLeftNodeByNode(BinaryTree *tree,int index,TreeElem data,BiTreeNode *pNode)    //添加左子树(使用父节点地址)  
    {
        BiTreeNode *pNodeCopy = pNode;//To make a copy of pNode  protect that is accidentally changed. 
        BiTreeNode *newNode = NULL;
        if(IsTreeFull(tree))
        {
            return false ;
        }
        if(BiTreeNode_getLChild(pNodeCopy) == NULL)
        {
            newNode = (BiTreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(BiTreeNode));
            BiTreeNode_Reset(newNode,index,data);
            BiTreeNode_setLChild(pNodeCopy,newNode);
            BiTreeNode_setParenet(newNode,pNodeCopy);
        }
        else 
        {
            return false ;
        }
    
        tree->iSize++;
        return true;    
    }
    bool addRightNodeByNode(BinaryTree *tree,int index,TreeElem data,BiTreeNode *pNode)     //添加右子树(使用父节点地址)
    {
        BiTreeNode *pNodeCopy = pNode;//To make a copy of pNode  protect that is accidentally changed. 
        BiTreeNode *newNode = NULL;
        if(IsTreeFull(tree))
        {
            return false ;
        }
        if(BiTreeNode_getRChild(pNodeCopy) == NULL)
        {
            newNode = (BiTreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(BiTreeNode));
            BiTreeNode_Reset(newNode,index,data);
            BiTreeNode_setRChild(pNodeCopy,newNode);
            BiTreeNode_setParenet(newNode,pNodeCopy);
        }
        else 
        {
            return false ;
        }
    
        tree->iSize++;
        return true;        
    }
    bool addLeftNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int newIndex,TreeElem data,int searchIndex)//添加左子树(使用索引)
    {
        BiTreeNode *tempNode;
        tempNode = getNodeByIndex(tree,searchIndex);//find the Node witch is index = searchIndex
        if(tempNode!=NULL)
        {
            return addLeftNodeByNode(tree,newIndex,data,tempNode);
        }
        return false;    
    }
    bool addRightNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int newIndex,TreeElem data,int searchIndex)   //添加右子树(使用索引)
    {
        BiTreeNode *tempNode;
        tempNode = getNodeByIndex(tree,searchIndex);//find the Node witch is index = searchIndex
        if(tempNode!=NULL)
        {
            return addRightNodeByNode(tree,newIndex,data,tempNode);
        }
        return false;    
    }
    /****************************************************************************************/ 
    //name:      deleteNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int index)    
    //describ:   to delete child tree by index
    //called:     
    //input:     tree:tree address; index:new node index;
    //output:    true/false
    /****************************************************************************************/
    bool deleteNodeByNode(BinaryTree *tree,BiTreeNode *pNode)                          //删除节点及其子节点(使用地址)
    {
        BiTreeNode *parentNode = NULL;
        int nodeCNT;
        if(pNode != NULL && pNode != tree->pRoot)
        {
            /*Statistics*/
            nodeCNT=NodeChildrenStatistics(pNode);
            /*clear parent Node L/RChild*/
            parentNode= BiTreeNode_getParent(pNode);
            if(parentNode != NULL)
            {
                if(BiTreeNode_getLChild(parentNode) == pNode)
                {
                    BiTreeNode_setLChild(parentNode,NULL);
                }
                else
                {
                    BiTreeNode_setRChild(parentNode,NULL);
                }
            }
    
            /*Its all children and it will be deleted*/
            BiTreeNode_Delete(pNode);
            tree->iSize -=nodeCNT;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    bool deleteNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int index)                              //删除节点及其子节点(使用索引)
    {
        BiTreeNode *deleteNode = getNodeByIndex(tree,index);
        if(deleteNode != NULL)
        {
            if(deleteNode == tree->pRoot)//rute can't not be delete
            {
                return false;
            }
    
            deleteNodeByNode(tree,deleteNode);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    
    //traversal
    void PreorderTraversal(BinaryTree *tree)                                            //先序遍历
    {
        printf("PreorderTraversal:
    ");
        BiTreeNode_PreorderTraversal(tree->pRoot);
    }
    
    void InorderTraversal(BinaryTree *tree)                                                //中序遍历
    {
        printf("InorderTraversal:
    ");
        BiTreeNode_InorderTraversal(tree->pRoot);
    }
    
    void SubsequentTraversal(BinaryTree *tree)                                            //后序遍历
    {
        printf("SubsequentTraversal:
    ");
        BiTreeNode_SubsequentTraversal(tree->pRoot);
    }
    View Code

    BinaryTree.h

    #ifndef _BINARYTREE_H
    #define _BINARYTREE_H
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include "Mystdbool.h"
    #include "Queue.h"
    #include "BiTreeNode.h"
    /*树定义*/
    typedef struct binarytree
    {
        BiTreeNode *pRoot;
        int iSize;
        int iMaxSize;
    }BinaryTree;
    //public
    //create
    bool BinaryTreeCreate(BinaryTree *tree,int size,int rootdata);
    bool BinaryTreeDelete(BinaryTree *tree);
    bool IsTreeFull(BinaryTree *tree);
    //search and statistics
    BiTreeNode* getNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int index);
    int getLeaves(BinaryTree *tree);
    int getHeight(BinaryTree *tree);
    int getWidth(BinaryTree *tree);
    int getTreeNowSize(BinaryTree *tree);
    int getTreeMaxCapacity(BinaryTree *tree);
    //add and delete
    bool addLeftNodeByNode(BinaryTree *tree,int index,TreeElem data,BiTreeNode *pNode);    //添加左子树(使用父节点地址)  
    bool addRightNodeByNode(BinaryTree *tree,int index,TreeElem data,BiTreeNode *pNode);     //添加右子树(使用父节点地址)
    bool addLeftNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int newIndex,TreeElem data,int searchIndex);    //添加左子树(使用索引)
    bool addRightNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int newIndex,TreeElem data,int searchIndex);   //添加右子树(使用索引)
    bool deleteNodeByNode(BinaryTree *tree,BiTreeNode *pNode);
    bool deleteNodeByIndex(BinaryTree *tree,int index);    
    //traversal
    void PreorderTraversal(BinaryTree *tree);                                            //先序遍历
    void InorderTraversal(BinaryTree *tree)    ;                                            //中序遍历
    void SubsequentTraversal(BinaryTree *tree);                                            //后序遍历
    
    //private
    bool IsTreeFull(BinaryTree *tree);
    #endif
    View Code

    其他需要使用的关联文件

    Queue.c:

    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include "Queue.h"
    
    
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /**********************创建队列*************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    bool Queue_Create(Queue *queue,int size)
    {
        if(queue == NULL)
        {
            queue = malloc(sizeof(Queue));        
        }
        
        queue->iSize = size;
        queue->iLength = 0;
        queue->iTail=0;
        queue->iHead=0;
        queue->Datas = (ElemQueue *)malloc(size*sizeof(ElemQueue));
        return true;
    }
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /**********************删除队列*************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    bool Queue_Delete(Queue *queue)
    {
        free(queue->Datas);
        return true;
    }
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*********************队头队尾操作**********************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    static void QueueTailAdd(Queue *queue)
    {
        queue->iTail++;
        queue->iTail = queue->iTail % queue->iSize;
    }
    static void QueueHeadAdd(Queue *queue)
    {
        queue->iHead ++;
        queue->iHead = queue->iHead % queue->iSize;
    }
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /***********************队列判空************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    bool isQueueEmpty(Queue *queue)
    {
        if(queue->iLength == 0)
        {
            return true;
        }
        return false;    
    }
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /***********************队列判满************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    bool isQueueFull(Queue *queue)
    {
        if(queue->iLength>=queue->iSize)
        {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************返回队列现有长度********************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    int Queue_size(Queue *queue)
    {
        return queue->iLength;
    }
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /********************往队尾放入元素*********************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    bool Queue_push(Queue *queue,ElemQueue data)
    {
        if(isQueueFull(queue))
        {
            return 0;
        }
    
        queue->Datas[queue->iTail] = data; 
        QueueTailAdd(queue);
        queue->iLength++;
        return true;
    }
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /************获取队头第一个元素(不删除)***************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    ElemQueue Queue_front(Queue *queue)
    {
        if(isQueueEmpty(queue))
        {
            return 0;
        }
    
        return queue->Datas[queue->iHead];
    }
    ElemQueue Queue_back(Queue *queue)
    {
        if(isQueueEmpty (queue))
        {
            return 0;
        }
        return queue->Datas[queue->iTail];
    }
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /******************删除队列第一个元素*******************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    bool Queue_pop(Queue *queue)
    {
        if(isQueueEmpty(queue))
        {
            return false;//queue empty
        }
    
        QueueHeadAdd(queue);
        queue->iLength--;
        return true;
    }
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*****************打印队列中的全部元素******************/
    /*******************************************************/
    /*******************************************************/
    void Queue_printf(Queue *queue)
    {
        int i;
        int temp = queue->iHead;
        printf("queue datas:
    ");
        for(i=0;i<queue->iLength;i++)
        {
            printf("%d ",queue->Datas[temp++%queue->iSize]);
        }
    
    }
    View Code

    Queue.h:

    #ifndef _QUEUE_H
    #define _QUEUE_H
    #include "BinaryTree.h"
    #include "Mystdbool.h"
    
    
    typedef  struct bitreenode *ElemQueue;
    //#define ElemQueue struct bitreenode*
    
    typedef struct circlequeue
    {
        int iLength;
        int iSize;
        int iHead;
        int iTail;
        ElemQueue (*Datas); 
    }Queue;
    
    
    bool Queue_Create(Queue *queue,int size);
    bool Queue_Delete(Queue *queue);
    bool isQueueEmpty(Queue *queue);
    bool isQueueFull(Queue *queue);
    int Queue_size(Queue *queue);
    bool Queue_push(Queue *queue,ElemQueue data);
    ElemQueue Queue_front(Queue *queue);
    ElemQueue Queue_back(Queue *queue);
    bool Queue_pop(Queue *queue);
    void Queue_printf(Queue *queue);
    
    #endif
    View Code

    Mystdbool.h(用于声明bool)

    #ifndef __MYSTDBOOL_H
    #define __MYSTDBOOL_H
    
    
    typedef enum Bool
    {
        false=0,
        true,
    }bool;
    
    
    
    
    
    
    #endif
    View Code

    main.c(用于测试)

    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include "BinaryTree.h"
    
    
    int main(void)
    {
        BinaryTree tree={0};
        BinaryTreeCreate(&tree,7,10);
        //first level
        addLeftNodeByIndex(&tree,2,9,1);
        addRightNodeByIndex(&tree,3,6,1);
        //second level
        addLeftNodeByIndex(&tree,4,8,2);
        addRightNodeByIndex(&tree,5,7,2);
        addLeftNodeByIndex(&tree,6,5,3);
        addRightNodeByIndex(&tree,7,4,3);
    
        PreorderTraversal(&tree);
        InorderTraversal(&tree);
        SubsequentTraversal(&tree);
    
        printf("leaves:%d
    ",getLeaves(&tree));
        printf("height:%d
    ",getHeight(&tree));
        printf("%d
    ",getWidth(&tree));
        printf("Nodes:%d
    ",getTreeNowSize(&tree));
    
        system("pause");
        return 0;
    }

    运行结果:





    C++版本

    程序源码

    本程序包含三部分

    BinaryTree.h中为树的操作

    BinaryTreeNode.h中为节点的操作

    main.c中程序用于测试

    BiTreeNode.h:

    #ifndef _BITREENODE_H
    #define _BITREENODE_H
    #include<iostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    
    template <typename T>
    class BiTreeNode
    {
    public:
        BiTreeNode();
        BiTreeNode(int index,T data);
        virtual ~BiTreeNode();
        //get data
        int getIndex();
        T getData();
        BiTreeNode *getParent();
        BiTreeNode *getLChild();
        BiTreeNode *getRChild();
        BiTreeNode *getInorderPrecursor();                    //获取中序前驱
        BiTreeNode *getInorderSubsequence();                //获取中序后继
        //set data
        void setIndex(int index);
        void setData(T data);
        void setParenet(BiTreeNode *Node);
        void setLChild(BiTreeNode *Node);
        void setRChild(BiTreeNode *Node);
        //else
        BiTreeNode *NodeSearch(int index);                    //通过索引搜索节点(以本节点作为根寻找树的某个节点)
        int NodeLeavesStatistics(int leaves = 0);            //统计叶子数
        int NodeChildrenNodeHeigh();                        //统计子节点的最大高度(包含本节点)/(以本节点作为根求树的高度)
        int NodeChildrenStatistics();                        //统计子节点数(包含本节点)
        int NodeDelete();                                    //删除节点
        //traversal
        void NodePreorderTraversal();
        void NodeInorderTraversal();
        void NodeSubsequentTraversal();
    
    private:
        int m_iIndex;
        T m_tData;
        BiTreeNode *m_pParent;
        BiTreeNode *m_pLeftChild;
        BiTreeNode *m_pRightChild;
    
        //struct NodeWidth<T> stNodeWidth;
    };
    
    template <typename T>
    BiTreeNode<T>::BiTreeNode()
    {
        m_iIndex = 0;
        m_tData = 0;
        m_pParent = NULL;
        m_pLeftChild = NULL;
        m_pRightChild = NULL;
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    BiTreeNode<T>::BiTreeNode(int index,T data)
    {
        m_iIndex = index;
        m_tData = data;
        m_pParent = NULL;
        m_pLeftChild = NULL;
        m_pRightChild = NULL;
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    BiTreeNode<T>::~BiTreeNode()
    {
        if(m_pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            m_pLeftChild->NodeDelete();
            m_pLeftChild = NULL;
        }
        if(m_pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            m_pRightChild->NodeDelete();
            m_pRightChild = NULL;
        }
        m_pParent = NULL;
    }
    /*-----------------------getdata------------------------*/
    template <typename T>
    int BiTreeNode<T>::getIndex()
    {
        return m_iIndex;
    }
    
    
    template <typename T>
    T BiTreeNode<T>::getData()
    {
        return m_tData;
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    BiTreeNode<T> *BiTreeNode<T>::getParent()
    {
        return m_pParent;
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    BiTreeNode<T> *BiTreeNode<T>::getLChild()
    {
        return m_pLeftChild;
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    BiTreeNode<T> *BiTreeNode<T>::getRChild()
    {
        return m_pRightChild;
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    BiTreeNode<T> *BiTreeNode<T>::getInorderPrecursor()
    {
        /*
            condition 1: Node has left child.
            condition 2: Node hasn't left child,and it is its father right child.
            condition 3: Node hasn't left child,and it is its father left child.
        */
        /*condition 1:node has left child*/
        if(NULL != this->getLChild())
        {
            BiTreeNode *tempNode=this->getLChild();
            while(NULL != tempNode->getRChild() )
            {
                tempNode=tempNode->getRChild();
            }
            return  tempNode;
        }
        else
        {
            BiTreeNode *fatherNode=this->getParent();
            if(NULL == fatherNode)
            {
                return NULL;//it is root.
            }
            /*condition 2*/
            else if(fatherNode->getRChild() == this)
            {
                return fatherNode;
            }
            /*condition*/
            else
            {
                while( fatherNode->getParent()->getRChild() != fatherNode)
                {
                    fatherNode =fatherNode ->getParent();
                    if(NULL == fatherNode )
                    {
                        return NULL;//it is root;
                    }
                }
                return fatherNode->getParent();
            }
        }
        return NULL;
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    BiTreeNode<T> *BiTreeNode<T>::getInorderSubsequence()                //获取中序后继
    {
        /*
            condition 1: Node has right child.
            condition 2: Node hasn't right child,and it is its father left child.
            condition 3: Node hasn't right child,and it is its father right child.
        */    
        /*condition 1*/
        if(NULL != this->getRChild())
        {
            BiTreeNode *tempNode = this->getRChild();
            while(NULL != tempNode->getLChild() )
            {
                tempNode=tempNode->getLChild();
            }
            return  tempNode;
        }
        /*condition 2*/
        else
        {
            BiTreeNode *fatherNode=this->getParent();
            if(NULL == fatherNode)//it is root.
            {
                return NULL;
            }
            else if(fatherNode->getLChild() == this)
            {
                return fatherNode;
            }
            else
            {
                while(fatherNode->getParent()->getLChild() !=fatherNode)
                {
                    fatherNode=fatherNode->getParent();
                    if(NULL == fatherNode)
                    {
                        return NULL;//it is root;
                    }
                }
                return fatherNode->getParent();
            }
        }
    }
    /*-----------------------setdata------------------------*/
    template <typename T>
    void BiTreeNode<T>::setIndex(int index)
    {
        m_iIndex = index;
    }
    template <typename T>
    void BiTreeNode<T>::setData(T data)
    {
        m_tData = data;
    }
    template <typename T>
    void BiTreeNode<T>::setParenet(BiTreeNode *Node)
    {
        m_pParent = Node;
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    void BiTreeNode<T>::setLChild(BiTreeNode *Node)
    {
        m_pLeftChild = Node;
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    void BiTreeNode<T>::setRChild(BiTreeNode *Node)
    {
        m_pRightChild = Node;
    }
    
    /*-----------------------else------------------------*/
    template <typename T>
    BiTreeNode<T> *BiTreeNode<T>::NodeSearch(int index)
    {
        BiTreeNode<T> *tempNode = NULL;
        if(m_iIndex == index)
        {
            return this;
        }
        if(m_pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            tempNode = m_pLeftChild->NodeSearch(index);
            if(tempNode != NULL)//match
            {
                return tempNode;
            }
        }
    
        if(m_pRightChild !=NULL)
        {
            tempNode = m_pRightChild->NodeSearch(index);
            if(tempNode != NULL)// match
            {
                return tempNode;
            }
        }
    
    
        return NULL;
    }
    
    /*statistcal children node heigh(includding me)*/
    template <typename T>
    int BiTreeNode<T>::NodeChildrenNodeHeigh()
    {
        int heightLeft =0 ;
        int heightRight =0; 
        if(m_pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            heightLeft += m_pLeftChild->NodeChildrenNodeHeigh();    
        }
        if(m_pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            heightRight += m_pRightChild->NodeChildrenNodeHeigh();
        }
        if(heightRight > heightLeft)
        {
            return ++heightRight;
        }
        else
        {
            return ++heightLeft;
        }
    }
    
    /*statistcal leaves node(includding me)*/
    template <typename T>
    int BiTreeNode<T>::NodeLeavesStatistics(int leaves)
    {
        if(this->m_pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            leaves = this->m_pLeftChild->NodeLeavesStatistics(leaves);
        }
        if(this->m_pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            leaves = this->m_pRightChild->NodeLeavesStatistics(leaves);
        }
        if(this->getLChild() == NULL && this->getRChild() == NULL)
        {
            leaves ++;
        }
        return leaves;    
    }
    /*statistcal children node(includding me)*/
    template <typename T>
    int BiTreeNode<T>::NodeChildrenStatistics()
    {
        int iCnt=0;
        if(this->m_pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            iCnt+=this->m_pLeftChild->NodeChildrenStatistics();
        }
        if(this->m_pRightChild!= NULL)
        {
            iCnt+=this->m_pRightChild->NodeChildrenStatistics();
        }
        iCnt++;
        return iCnt;
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    int  BiTreeNode<T>::NodeDelete()
    {
        int Times=0;
        if(this->m_pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
             //delete this->getLChild();
            Times+=this->m_pLeftChild->NodeDelete();
            this->m_pLeftChild =NULL;
        }
        if(this->m_pRightChild!= NULL)
        {
            //delete this->getRChild();
            Times+=this->m_pRightChild->NodeDelete();
            this->m_pRightChild =NULL;
        }
        Times++;
        delete this;
        return Times;
    }
    /*-----------------------traversal------------------------*/
    template <typename T>
    void BiTreeNode<T>::NodePreorderTraversal()
    {
        cout<<"Index:"<<this->getIndex()<<";Data:"<<this->getData()<<endl;
    
        if(this->getLChild() != NULL)
        {
            this->getLChild()->NodePreorderTraversal();
        }
    
        if(this->getRChild() != NULL)
        {
            this->getRChild()->NodePreorderTraversal();
        }
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    void BiTreeNode<T>::NodeInorderTraversal()
    {
        if(this->getLChild() != NULL)
        {
            this->getLChild()->NodeInorderTraversal();
        }
    
        cout<<"Index:"<<this->getIndex()<<";Data:"<<this->getData()<<endl;
    
        if(this->getRChild() != NULL)
        {
            this->getRChild()->NodeInorderTraversal();
        }
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    void BiTreeNode<T>::NodeSubsequentTraversal()
    {
        if(this->getLChild() != NULL)
        {
            this->getLChild()->NodeSubsequentTraversal();
        }
    
        if(this->getRChild() != NULL)
        {
            this->getRChild()->NodeSubsequentTraversal();
        }
    
        cout<<"Index:"<<this->getIndex()<<";Data:"<<this->getData()<<endl;
    }
    
    #endif
    View Code

    BinaryTree.h

    #ifndef _BINARYTREE_H
    #define _BINARYTREE_H
    
    #include <iostream>
    #include <queue>
    #include "BiTreeNode.h"
    using namespace std;
    
    template <typename T>
    class BinaryTree
    {
    public:
        BinaryTree(int size,int index,T data);
        BinaryTree(int size);
        virtual ~BinaryTree();
        bool IsTreeEmpty();                                                //树是否为空
        bool IsTreeFull();                                                //树的容量是否已满
        //search    
        BiTreeNode<T> *getNodeByIndex(int index);                        //通过索引搜索节点
        int getLeaves();                                                //获取树的叶子数
        int getHeight();                                                //获取树的高度(包含根节点)
        int getWidth();                                                    //获取树的宽度(包含根节点)
        int getNowSize();                                                //获取树现在的节点数(包含根节点)
        int getMaxSize();                                                //获取树的最大节点数
        //add/delete
        bool addLeftNodeByIndex(int newIndex,T data,int searchIndex);    //添加左子树(使用索引)
        bool addRightNodeByIndex(int newIndex,T data,int searchIndex);  //添加右子树(使用索引)
        bool addLeftNodeByNode(int index,T data,BiTreeNode<T> *pNode);  //添加左子树(使用节点地址)
        bool addRightNodeByNode(int index,T data,BiTreeNode<T> *pNode); //添加右子树(使用节点地址)
    
        virtual bool deleteNodeByIndex(int index);                        //删除节点(使用索引)
        virtual bool deleteNodeByNode(BiTreeNode<T> *pNode);            //删除节点(使用地址)
    
        //traversal
        void PreorderTraversal();                                        //先序遍历
        void InorderTraversal();                                        //中序遍历
        void SubsequentTraversal();                                        //后序遍历
    
    protected:
        BiTreeNode<T> *m_pRoot;                                            //tree root
        int m_iSize;                                                    //Tree now nodes size (without root)
        int m_iMaxSize;                                                    //Tree max nodes size (without root) 
    };
    
    template <typename T>
    BinaryTree<T>::BinaryTree(int size,int index,T data)
    {
        m_pRoot = new BiTreeNode<T>(index,data);
        m_pRoot->setLChild(NULL);
        m_pRoot->setRChild(NULL);
        m_pRoot->setParenet(NULL);
        m_iSize = 1;
        m_iMaxSize = size;    
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    BinaryTree<T>::BinaryTree(int size)
    {
        m_pRoot = new BiTreeNode<T>(0,0);
        m_pRoot->setLChild(NULL);
        m_pRoot->setRChild(NULL);
        m_pRoot->setParenet(NULL);
        m_iSize = 1;
        m_iMaxSize = size;
    }
    
    
    template <typename T>
    BinaryTree<T>::~BinaryTree()
    {
        if(NULL != m_pRoot)
            delete m_pRoot;
        m_pRoot=NULL;
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    bool BinaryTree<T>::IsTreeEmpty()
    {
        if(m_iSize == 0)
            return true;
        return false;    
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    bool BinaryTree<T>::IsTreeFull()
    {
        if(m_iSize >= m_iMaxSize)
            return true;
        return false;
    }
    
    //search
    template <typename T>
    BiTreeNode<T> *BinaryTree<T>::getNodeByIndex(int index)
    {
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
        {
            return NULL;
        }
        return m_pRoot->NodeSearch(index);
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    int BinaryTree<T>::getLeaves()
    {    
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
        {
            return 0;
        }
        return m_pRoot->NodeLeavesStatistics();
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    int BinaryTree<T>::getWidth()
    {
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
        {
            return 0;
        }
        int maxWidth=1;                //save max width
        int parentWidth=0;            //save this width
        int childrenWidth=0;        //save next width
        queue<BiTreeNode<T>*> stdQueue;
        BiTreeNode<T> *tempNode = m_pRoot;
        if(tempNode -> getLChild() != NULL)
        {
            stdQueue.push(tempNode -> getLChild());
            parentWidth ++;
        }
        if(tempNode -> getRChild() != NULL)
        {
            stdQueue.push(tempNode ->getRChild());
            parentWidth ++;
        }
    
        while(!stdQueue.empty())
        {
            while(parentWidth>0)
            {
                tempNode = stdQueue.front();
                stdQueue.pop();
                if(tempNode -> getLChild() != NULL)
                {
                    stdQueue.push(tempNode -> getLChild());
                    childrenWidth ++;
                }
                if(tempNode -> getRChild() != NULL)
                {
                    stdQueue.push(tempNode ->getRChild());
                    childrenWidth ++;
                }
                parentWidth --;
            }
            parentWidth = childrenWidth;
            if(parentWidth > maxWidth)
            {
                maxWidth = parentWidth;
            }
            childrenWidth =0;
        }
    
    //    result =  m_pRoot->NodeChildrenNodeWidth(&child);
        return maxWidth;
    }
    
    
    template <typename T>
    int BinaryTree<T>::getHeight()
    {
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
            return 0;
        return m_pRoot->NodeChildrenNodeHeigh();//including root 
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    int BinaryTree<T>::getNowSize()
    {
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
        {
            return 0;
        }
        //return m_iSize;//quickly get Size
        return m_pRoot ->NodeChildrenStatistics();//including root
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    int BinaryTree<T>::getMaxSize()
    {
        return m_iMaxSize ;
    }
    
    //add/delete
    template <typename T>
    bool BinaryTree<T>::addLeftNodeByIndex(int newIndex,T data,int searchIndex)
    {
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
        {
            return false;
        }
        BiTreeNode<T> *tempNode;
        tempNode = m_pRoot->NodeSearch(searchIndex);//find the node that index  is = searchIndex
        if(tempNode!=NULL)
        {
            return addLeftNodeByNode(newIndex,data,tempNode);
        }
        return false;
    }
    template <typename T>
    bool BinaryTree<T>::addRightNodeByIndex(int newIndex,T data,int searchIndex)
    {
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
        {
            return false;
        }
        BiTreeNode<T> *tempNode ;
        tempNode = m_pRoot->NodeSearch(searchIndex);
        if(tempNode!=NULL)
        {
            return addRightNodeByNode(newIndex,data,tempNode);
        }
        return false;
    }
    template <typename T>
    bool BinaryTree<T>::addLeftNodeByNode(int index,T data,BiTreeNode<T> *pNode)
    {
        BiTreeNode<T> *pNodeCopy = pNode;//make a copy of pNode to protect the pNode being changed by accidentally
        if(IsTreeFull())
        {
            return false ;
        }
        if(pNodeCopy -> getLChild() == NULL)
        {
            BiTreeNode<T> *newNode = new BiTreeNode<T>(index,data);
            pNodeCopy->setLChild(newNode);
            newNode->setParenet(pNodeCopy);
        }
        else 
        {
            return false ;
        }
    
        m_iSize++;
        return true;
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    bool BinaryTree<T>::addRightNodeByNode(int index,T data,BiTreeNode<T> *pNode)
    {
        BiTreeNode<T> *pNodeCopy = pNode;//make a copy of pNode to protect the pNode being changed by accidentally
        if(IsTreeFull())
        {
            return false ;
        }
        if(pNodeCopy -> getRChild() == NULL)
        {
            BiTreeNode<T> *newNode = new BiTreeNode<T>(index,data);
            pNodeCopy->setRChild(newNode);
            newNode->setParenet(pNodeCopy);
        }
        else 
        {
            return false ;
        }
    
        m_iSize++;
        return true;
    }
    
    
    template <typename T>
    bool BinaryTree<T>::deleteNodeByIndex(int index)
    {
        if(IsTreeEmpty())
        {
            return false;
        }
    
        BiTreeNode<T> *deleteNode = m_pRoot->NodeSearch(index);
        if(deleteNode != NULL)
        {
            if(deleteNode == m_pRoot)
            {
                cout<<"BinaryTree<T>::deleteNodeByIndex():"<<index<<"是根节点不能删除"<<endl;
                return false;
            }
            return deleteNodeByNode(deleteNode);
        }
        return false;
    }
    template <typename T>
    bool BinaryTree<T>::deleteNodeByNode(BiTreeNode<T> *pNode)
    {
        if(IsTreeEmpty())
            return false;
    
        if(pNode!=NULL)
        {
            /*clear parent Node L/RChild*/ 
            BiTreeNode<T> *parentNode = pNode->getParent();
            if(parentNode != NULL)
            {
                if(parentNode->getLChild() == pNode)
                {
                    parentNode->setLChild(NULL);
                }
                else
                {
                    parentNode->setRChild(NULL);
                }
            }
            /*delete node*/
            int SizeDec;//use to caculate how much Node was delete
            SizeDec = pNode->NodeDelete();
            m_iSize-=SizeDec;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    //traversal
    template <typename T>
    void BinaryTree<T>::PreorderTraversal()
    {
        cout<<"PerorderTraversal:"<<endl;
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
        {
            return ;
        }
        m_pRoot ->NodePreorderTraversal();
    }
    template <typename T>
    void BinaryTree<T>::InorderTraversal()
    {
        cout<<"InorderTraversal:"<<endl;
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
        {
            return ;
        }
        m_pRoot ->NodeInorderTraversal();
    }
    template <typename T>
    void BinaryTree<T>::SubsequentTraversal()
    {
        cout<<"SubsequentTraversal:"<<endl;
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
        {
            return ;
        }
        m_pRoot ->NodeSubsequentTraversal();
    }
    
    #endif 
    View Code

    main.c(本部分用于测试)

    #include <iostream>
    #include <vector>
    #include "BinaryTree.h"
    #include "BinarySearchTree.h"
    
    using namespace std;
    
    
    int main()
    {
        BinaryTree<int> *tree = new BinaryTree<int>(20,1,10);
        tree->addLeftNodeByIndex(2,9,1);
        tree->addRightNodeByIndex(3,6,1);
        tree->addLeftNodeByIndex(4,8,2);
        tree->addRightNodeByIndex(5,7,2);
        tree->addLeftNodeByIndex(6,5,3);
        tree->addRightNodeByIndex(7,4,3);
        //preorderTraversal()/InorderTraversal()/SubsequentTraversal() check
        tree->PreorderTraversal();
        //tree->InorderTraversal();
        //tree->SubsequentTraversal();
    
        //getNowSize() check
        cout<<"tree size(except root):"<<tree->getNowSize()<<endl;
    
        //getLeaves() check;
        cout<<"tree leaves:"<<tree->getLeaves()<<endl;
    
        //getHeight() check;
        cout<<"getHeight():"<<tree->getHeight()<<endl;
    
        //getWidth() check;
        cout<<"getWidth():"<<tree->getWidth()<<endl;
    
        //deleteNodeByIndex() check
        tree->deleteNodeByIndex(2);
        tree->PreorderTraversal();
    
    
        system("pause");
        return 0;
    }
    View Code

    测试结果:

     

    程序详解

    以下介绍几点

    1. 树的基本结构
    2. 构建树
    3. 添加左/右节点
    4. 统计叶子
    5. 统计高度
    6. 统计宽度

    一、数的基本结构

      树由两部分构成,结点类(BiTreeNode.h)和树的本体(BinaryTree.h)

      节点类中的内容用于储存数据,树的本体中将这些节点连接起来。

      节点的主要成员:

    1.   节点索引号m_iIndex:用于标记节点号码,如图红色的数字
    2.   节点数据m_tData: 用于标记节点数字,如图黑色数字
    3.   节点的父节点指针*m_pParent:通过该指针可以找到在树中该节点的父亲
    4.   节点的左子节点指针*m_pLeftChild:通过该指针可以找到在树中该节点的左孩子
    5.   节点的右子节点指针*m_pRightChild:通过该指针可以找到树中该节点的右孩子
    private:
        int m_iIndex;
        T m_tData;
        BiTreeNode *m_pParent;
        BiTreeNode *m_pLeftChild;
        BiTreeNode *m_pRightChild;

      二叉树的主要成员:

    1.   树根指针*m_pRoot:该指针指向树的根节点
    2.   树的现有节点数m_iSize:指示现在树的节点
    3.   树的最大节点树m_iMaxSize:指示这棵树最大可以存放多少节点
    protected:
        BiTreeNode<T> *m_pRoot;                                            //tree root
        int m_iSize;                                                    //Tree now nodes size (without root)
        int m_iMaxSize;    

    二、构建树:BinaryTree构造函数

    1. 创建根节点
    2. 设置根节点的父母和左右孩子为空
    3. 设置树的大小为1,最大节点数为size。
    template <typename T>
    BinaryTree<T>::BinaryTree(int size,int index,T data)
    {
        m_pRoot = new BiTreeNode<T>(index,data);
        m_pRoot->setLChild(NULL);
        m_pRoot->setRChild(NULL);
        m_pRoot->setParenet(NULL);
        m_iSize = 1;
        m_iMaxSize = size;    
    }

    三、添加左(右)节点addLeftNodeByNode()/addLeftNodeByIndex()

    方法一、在目标节点后面添加新节点addLeftNodeByNode()

    1. 树没有空间则不能添加,返回失败。
    2. 如果目标节点的左子为空,使用(index,data)创建一个新的节点,并把该节点挂在目标节点后
    template <typename T>
    bool BinaryTree<T>::addLeftNodeByNode(int index,T data,BiTreeNode<T> *pNode)
    {
        BiTreeNode<T> *pNodeCopy = pNode;//make a copy of pNode to protect the pNode being changed by accidentally
        if(IsTreeFull())
        {
            return false ;
        }
        if(pNodeCopy -> getLChild() == NULL)
        {
            BiTreeNode<T> *newNode = new BiTreeNode<T>(index,data);
            pNodeCopy->setLChild(newNode);
            newNode->setParenet(pNodeCopy);
        }
        else 
        {
            return false ;
        }
    
        m_iSize++;
        return true;
    }

    方法二、通过索引添加新节点addLeftNodeByIndex()

    1. 使用节点中Node_Search()方法从根节点开始查找索引为searchIndex的节点,找到并取出目标节点的指针
    2. 使用方法一为目标节点添加左节点
    template <typename T>
    bool BinaryTree<T>::addLeftNodeByIndex(int newIndex,T data,int searchIndex)
    {
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
        {
            return false;
        }
        BiTreeNode<T> *tempNode;
        tempNode = m_pRoot->NodeSearch(searchIndex);//find the node that index  is = searchIndex
        if(tempNode!=NULL)
        {
            return addLeftNodeByNode(newIndex,data,tempNode);
        }
        return false;
    }

    四、统计叶子

    从树根开始往下搜索,如果一个节点的没有左右子节点,那么它为叶子。在节点类中递归实现

    template <typename T>
    int BinaryTree<T>::getLeaves()
    {    
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
        {
            return 0;
        }
        return m_pRoot->NodeLeavesStatistics();
    }
    template <typename T>
    int BiTreeNode<T>::NodeLeavesStatistics(int leaves)
    {
        if(this->m_pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            leaves = this->m_pLeftChild->NodeLeavesStatistics(leaves);
        }
        if(this->m_pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            leaves = this->m_pRightChild->NodeLeavesStatistics(leaves);
        }
        if(this->getLChild() == NULL && this->getRChild() == NULL)
        {
            leaves ++;
        }
        return leaves;    
    }

    五、统计高度

     从树根开始一直往下搜索。直到找到了叶子(无左右孩子)。在节点类中递归实现

    template <typename T>
    int BinaryTree<T>::getHeight()
    {
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
            return 0;
        return m_pRoot->NodeChildrenNodeHeigh();//including root 
    }
    template <typename T>
    int BiTreeNode<T>::NodeChildrenNodeHeigh()
    {
        int heightLeft =0 ;
        int heightRight =0; 
        if(m_pLeftChild != NULL)
        {
            heightLeft += m_pLeftChild->NodeChildrenNodeHeigh();    
        }
        if(m_pRightChild != NULL)
        {
            heightRight += m_pRightChild->NodeChildrenNodeHeigh();
        }
        if(heightRight > heightLeft)
        {
            return ++heightRight;
        }
        else
        {
            return ++heightLeft;
        }
    }

    六、统计宽度

    如图所示,这棵树第一层宽度为1,第二层宽度为2,第三层宽度为4,所以这棵树的最大宽度为4

    综上所述我们需要统计最节点数最多的一层有几个节点,所以我们按层统计

    1. 创建一个队列stdQueue存放节点,一个parentWidth用于储存上一层的宽度,一个childrenWidth用于储存下一层的宽度,以及一个maxWidth用于储存出现过的最大宽度。
    2. 把根节点的两个孩子(黑色9和黑色6)加入队列中,每加一个parentWidth+1,这时队列中有两个元素,parentWidth等于2。此时队列中有两个元素(6,8),parentWidth=2;childrenWidth=0;maxWidth=2
    3. 从队列中取出第一个元素(9),parentWidth-1,此时parentWidth=1,他有两个孩子(黑色8黑色7)加入队列中,childrenWidth+=2。此时队列中有三个元素(6,8,7),parentWidth=1;childrenWidth=2
    4. 同上,从队列中取出第一个元素(6),parentWidth-1,此时parentWidth=0,他的两个孩子(黑5和黑4)加入队列中,childrenWidth+=2。此时队列中有四个元素(8,7,5,4),parentWidth=0;childrenWidth=4
    5. 由于parentWidth=0了,所以本层统计完成,让parentWidth=childrenWidth开始统计下一层。此时队列中有四个元素(8,7,5,4),parentWidth=4;childrenWidth=0;maxWidth=4;
    6. 同第3、4步,取出队列中第一个元素(8),它没有孩子,取出队列中第二个元素(7),它没有孩子...直到队列元素取出完毕,因为他们都没有子节点,所以队列为空,就是统计完成的条件。maxWidth=4;
    template <typename T>
    int BinaryTree<T>::getWidth()
    {
        if(NULL == m_pRoot)
        {
            return 0;
        }
        int maxWidth=1;                //save max width
        int parentWidth=0;            //save this width
        int childrenWidth=0;        //save next width
        queue<BiTreeNode<T>*> stdQueue;
        BiTreeNode<T> *tempNode = m_pRoot;
        if(tempNode -> getLChild() != NULL)
        {
            stdQueue.push(tempNode -> getLChild());
            parentWidth ++;
        }
        if(tempNode -> getRChild() != NULL)
        {
            stdQueue.push(tempNode ->getRChild());
            parentWidth ++;
        }
    
        while(!stdQueue.empty())
        {
            while(parentWidth>0)
            {
                tempNode = stdQueue.front();
                stdQueue.pop();
                if(tempNode -> getLChild() != NULL)
                {
                    stdQueue.push(tempNode -> getLChild());
                    childrenWidth ++;
                }
                if(tempNode -> getRChild() != NULL)
                {
                    stdQueue.push(tempNode ->getRChild());
                    childrenWidth ++;
                }
                parentWidth --;
            }
            parentWidth = childrenWidth;
            if(parentWidth > maxWidth)
            {
                maxWidth = parentWidth;
            }
            childrenWidth =0;
        }
    
    //    result =  m_pRoot->NodeChildrenNodeWidth(&child);
        return maxWidth;
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/HongYi-Liang/p/7231440.html
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