备忘录模式:在不破坏封装性的前提下,捕获一个对象的内部状态,并在该对象之外保存这个状态。可以将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态
Java中可以使用序列化机制保存状态
- 发起人:记录当前时刻的内部状态,负责定义哪些属于备份范围的状态,负责创建和恢复备忘录数据。
- 备忘录:负责存储发起人对象的内部状态,在需要的时候提供发起人需要的内部状态。
- 管理角色:对备忘录进行管理,保存和提供备忘录。
特点:
- 被存储的状态放在外面,不和关键对象放在一起
- 保持了关键对象的封装,提供实现恢复的能力
缺点:
- 资源与时间的消耗
举例:
通过备忘录管理游戏角色信息
游戏角色类:
1 public class PlayRole { 2 private int vitality; 3 private int aggressivity; 4 private int defencivity; 5 public PlayRole(int vitality, int aggressivity, int defencivity) { 6 super(); 7 this.vitality = vitality; 8 this.aggressivity = aggressivity; 9 this.defencivity = defencivity; 10 } 11 public PlayRole() {} 12 public RoleMemento createMemento() { 13 RoleMemento memento = new RoleMemento(); 14 memento.setAggressivity(aggressivity); 15 memento.setDefencivity(defencivity); 16 memento.setVitality(vitality); 17 return memento; 18 } 19 public void setMemento(RoleMemento memento) { 20 this.aggressivity = memento.getAggressivity(); 21 this.defencivity = memento.getDefencivity(); 22 this.vitality = memento.getVitality(); 23 } 24 public void showState() { 25 System.out.println("攻击力:" + this.aggressivity + "|防御力:" + this.defencivity + "|生命力:" + this.vitality); 26 } 27 ...//其他 28 }
备忘录类:
1 public class RoleMemento { 2 private int vitality; 3 private int aggressivity; 4 private int defencivity; 5 public int getVitality() { 6 return vitality; 7 } 8 public void setVitality(int vitality) { 9 this.vitality = vitality; 10 } 11 public int getAggressivity() { 12 return aggressivity; 13 } 14 public void setAggressivity(int aggressivity) { 15 this.aggressivity = aggressivity; 16 } 17 public int getDefencivity() { 18 return defencivity; 19 } 20 public void setDefencivity(int defencivity) { 21 this.defencivity = defencivity; 22 } 23 }
备忘录管理者,通过HashMap管理一个用户多个历史状态:
1 public class Caretaker { 2 Map<String, RoleMemento> mementoMap = new HashMap<>(); 3 public RoleMemento getMemento(String index) { 4 return mementoMap.get(index); 5 } 6 public void setMemento(String index, RoleMemento memento) { 7 mementoMap.put(index, memento); 8 } 9 }