nginx实现https网站设置（SSL证书生成配置）

部分内容转载自：https://www.cnblogs.com/jingxiaoniu/p/6745254.html

一、HTTPS简介

1.https简介

HTTPS其实是有两部分组成：HTTP + SSL / TLS，也就是在HTTP上又加了一层处理加密信息的模块。服务端和客户端的信息传输都会通过TLS进行加密，所以传输的数据都是加密后的数据

2.https协议原理

首先，客户端与服务器建立连接，各自生成私钥和公钥，是不同的。服务器返给客户端一个公钥，然后客户端拿着这个公钥把要搜索的东西加密，称之为密文，并连并自己的公钥一起返回给服务器，服务器拿着自己的私钥解密密文，然后把响应到的数据用客户端的公钥加密，返回给客户端，客户端拿着自己的私钥解密密文，把数据呈现出来

二、证书和私钥的生成

注意：一般生成的目录,应该放在nginx/conf/ssl目录

1.创建服务器证书密钥文件 server.key：

openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024

输入密码，确认密码，自己随便定义，但是要记住，后面会用到。

2.创建服务器证书的申请文件 server.csr

openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr

输出内容为：
Enter pass phrase for root.key: ← 输入前面创建的密码 
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN ← 国家代号，中国输入CN 
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:BeiJing ← 省的全名，拼音 
Locality Name (eg, city) []:BeiJing ← 市的全名，拼音 
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MyCompany Corp. ← 公司英文名 
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: ← 可以不输入 
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []: ← 此时不输入 
Email Address []:admin@mycompany.com ← 电子邮箱，可随意填
Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes 
to be sent with your certificate request 
A challenge password []: ← 可以不输入 
An optional company name []: ← 可以不输入

4.备份一份服务器密钥文件

cp server.key server.key.org

5.去除文件口令

openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key

6.生成证书文件server.crt

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

    三、配置文件

1.下面为配置文件 /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/daj.conf

server{
#比起默认的80 使用了443 默认 是ssl方式  多出default之后的ssl
        listen 443 default ssl;
#default 可省略
#开启  如果把ssl on；这行去掉，ssl写在443端口后面。这样http和https的链接都可以用
        ssl on;
#证书(公钥.发送到客户端的)
        ssl_certificate ssl/server.crt;
#私钥,
        ssl_certificate_key ssl/server.key;
#下面是绑定域名
        server_name www.daj.com;
        location / {
#禁止跳转
        proxy_redirect off;
#代理淘宝
proxy_pass https://www.tao.com/;  
        }        
}

 

四、开启nginx的ssl模块

1.the "ssl" parameter requires ngx_http_ssl_module  in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:37

原因是nginx缺少http_ssl_module模块，编译安装时带上--with-http_ssl_module配置就可以了

2.如果已经安装过nginx,想要添加模块看下面

1)切换到nginx源码包

cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.11.3

2)查看ngixn原有的模块

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

3)重新配置

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

4)重新编译，不需要make  install安装。否则会覆盖

make

5)备份原有已经安装好的nginx

cp /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.bak

6)将刚刚编译好的nginx覆盖掉原来的nginx(ngixn必须停止)

cp ./objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ 

这时，会提示是否覆盖，请输入yes，直接回车默认不覆盖

7)启动nginx，查看nginx模块，发现已经添加

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V　

nginx 配置：

nginx.conf 配置：

user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    client_max_body_size 10m;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {

    listen       80;
    server_name  172.16.21.123;

    location / {
        rewrite ^(.*)$ https://172.16.21.123:433$1 permanent;
    
    }
#    rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
    }

    server {
    
#    listen       80;
    listen       433;
    ssl   on;

    ssl_certificate        ssl/server.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key    ssl/server.key;

    ssl_session_timeout    5m;

    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

        server_name  172.16.21.123;
#    rewrite ^(.*)$ https://172.16.21.123$1 permanent;    


        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   /usr/local/projects/pages/dist;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        
    location ^~/api/ {
                proxy_pass         http://172.16.21.161:8899/;
        proxy_redirect     off;
                proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
                proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}