day18

今日所学：

json语言

json语言，就是一种有语法规范的字符串，用来存放数据的，完成各种语言之间的数据交互

 1.就是{}与[]的组合，{}存放双列信息(类比为字典)，[]存放单列信息(类比为列表)
 2.{}的key必须是字符串，且必须用""包裹
3.{}与[]中支持的值的类型: dict | list | int | float | bool | null | str

 序列化：将对象转换为字符串
dumps：将对象直接序列化成字符串
 dump：将对象序列化成字符串存储到文件中
obj = {'name': 'Owen', "age": 18, 'height': 180, "gender": "男"}
r1 = json.dumps(obj, ensure_ascii=False) # 取消默认ascii编码，同该文件的编码 utf-8 py3默认，py2规定文件头
print(r1)

with open('1.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wf:
json.dump(obj, wf, ensure_ascii=False)

 反序列化：将字符串转换为对象
json_str = '{"name": "Owen", "age": 18, "height": 180, "gender": "男"}'
r2 = json.loads(json_str, encoding='utf-8') # 默认跟当前文件被解释器执行的编码走
print(r2, type(r2))

with open('1.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rf:
r3 = json.load(rf)
print(r3, type(r3))

#递归遍历
import os
def list_file(folder,suffix,ls=[]):
    if not os.path.exists(folder):
        return ls
    if os.path.isfile(folder):
        if folder.endswith(suffix):
            ls.append(folder)
        return ls
    for file in os.listdir():
        file_path = os.path.join(folder,file)
        list_file(file_path,suffix)
    return ls
folder = r'D:作业prat1'
suffix = 'py'
ls = list_file(folder,suffix)
print(ls)
#
def fn(v,ls=[]):
    ls.append(v)
    return ls
r1 = fn(123)
print(r1)
r2 = fn(456,[])
print(r2)
r3 = fn('a')
print(r3)
#递归删除文件File文件中的py文件
def delete_folder(folder):
    if not os.path.exists(folder):
        return False
    if os.path.isfile(folder):
        os.remove(folder)         #子文件删空了
        return True
    for file in os.listdir(folder):
        file_path = os.path.join(folder,file)
        if os.path.isfile(file_path):
            os.remove(file_path)
        else:
            delete_folder(file_path)         # 子文件夹删空了
    os.rmdir(folder)      #可以删除当前文件夹
folder = r'D:作业File'
delete_folder(folder)

os.removedirs('D:作业File\aa')
   random:随机数     模块
import random
for i in range(10):
    print(random.randint(1,10))       #[1,10]     整数
    print('>>>>')
    print(random.randrange(1,10))         #[1,10)    整数
    print(random.uniform(1,10))            #1到10之间的小数
import random
item = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
for i in range(10):
    print(random.choice(item))       #一次选一个，随机选择
    print(random.sample(item,2))        #随机选择两个，五次，每次都是一个列表
    print(random.shuffle(item))错误语法，随机打散
 随机打散  random 的用法
import random
item = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
random.shuffle(item)
print(item)
  json :序列化 序列化的模块应用
import json     #导入json 模块
json_str = '{"a":1}'
obj = json.loads(json_str)
print(obj,type(obj))

import json     #导入json 模块
json_str = '{"info":1,"msg":[1,"a",true,false,null,3.14]}'
obj = json.loads(json_str)
print(obj,type(obj))

序列化：将对象转换为字符串

序列化成字符串：json.dumps(json_obj)
序列化字符串到文件中：json.dump(json_obj, write_file)

dumps:将对象直接序列化成字符串
dump：将对象序列化成字符串存储在文件中
obj = {"name":'0wen',"age":28,'height':180,"gender":"男"}
r1 = json.dumps(obj)
print(r1)
案例：

import json
obj = {"name":'0wen',"age":28,'height':180,"gender":"男"}
 r1 = json.dumps(obj)
 print(r1)                 #结果{"name": "0wen", "age": 28, "height": 180, "gender": "u7537"}，所以默认的是ASICC码，所以要进行转化
 r1 = json.dumps(obj,ensure_ascii=False)     #结果为{"name": "0wen", "age": 28, "height": 180, "gender": "男"}即 utf-8，取消默认ascii编码，同该文件的编码 utf-8 py3默认，py2规定文件头
 print(r1)

with open('2.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as wf:      #结果为建立了一个2.txt文本文件，并且把{"name": "0wen", "age": 28, "height": 180, "gender": "男"}写入到了此文件中
    json.dump(obj, wf, ensure_ascii=False)
反序列化：

  #反序列化

反序列化成对象：json.loads(json_str)
从文件读流中反序列化成对象：json.load(read_file)

案例
json_str = '{"name": "0wen", "age": 28, "height": 180, "gender": "男"}'
r2 = json.loads(json_str, encoding='utf-8')
print(r2,type(r2))                            #结果为{'name': '0wen', 'age': 28, 'height': 180, 'gender': '男'} <class 'dict'>，即原字符串

a 案列   验证码
1: 用ASICC码
import random
def random_code0(num):
    code = ""
    for i in range(num):
        d = random.randint(65, 90)
        x = random.randint(97,122)
        n = random.randint(0,9)
        code += random.choice[chr(d),chr(x),str(n)]
    return  code

def random_code1(num):
    code = ""
    for i in range(num):
        chose = random.randint(1,3)
        if chose == 1:
            c = chr(random.randint(65,90))
        elif chose == 2:
            c = chr(random.randint(97, 122))
        else:
            c = str(random.randint(0, 9))
        code += c
    return code
r1 = random_code1(18)
print(r1)
第三种方法
def random_code2(num):
    ta = '1234567890qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmQWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM'
    code_list = random.sample(ta,num)
    return ''.join(code_list)
r1 = random_code2(18)
print(r1)