• Python多进程编程-进程间协作(Queue、Lock、Semaphore、Event、Pipe)


    进程与进程之间是相互独立的,互不干扰。如果多进程之间需要对同一资源操作,就需要进程间共享变量,上一篇文章介绍了进程间共享数据的三大类Value、Array、Manager,这三种类的主要区别在于管理的数据类型不同。解决了进程间共享数据的问题,又有新的问题产生,那就是当多进程同时对一个共享资源进行写操作时,容易造成数据混乱。如何解决这一问题呢?这就需要进程间相互协同。
    进程间相互协同的方式有如下几种:
    Lock:加锁,accquire()申请锁,release()释放锁
    Queue:队列
    Semaphore:信号量
    Event:事件
    Pipe:管道
    下面一一介绍这几种方式。
    Lock:进程申请锁后,会阻塞其他进程获取lock对象,不能操作数据,只有锁释放后,其他进程可以重新获取锁对象。
    实例代码:

    from multiprocessing import Process,Value,Lock
    def func1(num,lock):#传入的lock对象
    lock.acquire()#申请锁,lock对象变为locked,并且阻塞其他进程获取lock对象
    print num.value
    num.value+=1
    lock.release()#释放锁,lock对象变为unlocked,其他进程可以重新获取lock对象
    if __name__ == '__main__':
    lock=Lock()#创建锁对象
    val=Value('i',0)
    proc=[Process(target=func1,args=(val,lock)) for i in xrange(100)]
    for p in proc:
    p.start()
    for p in proc:
    p.join()

    print val.value
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    运行结果:

    50
    1
    Semaphore:信号量,同时允许多个进程申请锁
    实例代码:

    import multiprocessing
    import time
    from multiprocessing import Process,Semaphore
    def func1(s):
    s.acquire()
    print multiprocessing.current_process().name+'acquire'
    time.sleep(10)
    s.release()
    print multiprocessing.current_process().name+'release'
    if __name__ == '__main__':
    s=Semaphore(4)
    procs=[Process(target=func1,args=(s,))for i in xrange(10)]
    for p in procs:
    p.start()
    for p in procs:
    p.join()
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    Queue:队列:多用来在多个进程间通信
    实例代码:
    循环等待,避免执行结果不准*

    import multiprocessing
    import time
    def write(q):
    for value in ['A','B','C']:
    print 'put %s to queue '%value
    q.put(value)
    time.sleep(2)
    def read(q):
    def isEmpty():
    i=0
    while i<5:
    if not q.empty():
    return False#如果队列不等于空,退出循环不用等待
    time.sleep(2)#如果列表是空,循环等待
    i+=1
    return True
    while not isEmpty():#q.empty():
    print 'get %s from queue '%q.get()
    if __name__ == '__main__':
    q=multiprocessing.Queue()
    pw=multiprocessing.Process(target=write,args=(q,))
    pr=multiprocessing.Process(target=read,args=(q,))
    pw.start()
    pr.start()
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    运行结果:

    put A to queue
    get A from queue
    put B to queue
    get B from queue
    put C to queue
    get C from queue
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    不用循环等待的效果执行结果:

    put A to queue
    get A from queue
    put B to queue
    put C to queue
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    Event:处理某个进程的逻辑,依赖于某个事件的发生。比如到下课时间响铃,那么这个事件就可以设置成时间,来监听到没到下课时间,如果到,代码分支就是放一段音乐。

    set()设置事件,wait([time]) clear()清除事件
    实例代码:

    import multiprocessing
    import time
    def waitForEvent(e):
    print 'wait for event starting.No timeout'
    e.wait()
    print 'the event has happened.',e.is_set()
    def waitForEventTimeout(e,t):
    print 'wait for event starting.timeout is ',t
    e.wait(t)
    print 'the event has happened.',e.is_set()
    if __name__ == '__main__':
    e=multiprocessing.Event()
    print 'the event is_set is:',e.is_set()
    p=multiprocessing.Process(target=waitForEventTimeout,args=(e,2))#改成5,True
    # p1=multiprocessing.Process(target=waitForEvent,args=(e,))
    p.start()
    # p1.start()
    time.sleep(3)
    e.set()
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    运行结果:

    the event is_set is: False
    wait for event starting.timeout is 2
    the event has happened. False
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    Pipe:管道。用来在两个进程间进行通信。
    返回两个连接对象(conn1,conn2),代表管道的两端。
    send() recv()
    实例代码:

    from multiprocessing import Process,Pipe
    def func1(pipe):
    pipe.send('hello')
    print 'func1 received: %s'%pipe.recv()#recv是阻塞式的,等待接收消息
    pipe.send('who are you?')
    print 'func1 received: %s'%pipe.recv()
    def func2(pipe):
    print 'func2 received: %s'%pipe.recv()
    pipe.send('hello too')
    print 'func2 received: %s'%pipe.recv()
    pipe.send("I don't tell you")
    if __name__ == '__main__':
    pipe=Pipe()
    print len(pipe)
    p1=Process(target=func1,args=(pipe[0],))
    p2=Process(target=func2,args=(pipe[1],))
    p1.start()
    p2.start()
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    执行结果:

    2
    func2 received: hello
    func1 received: hello too
    func2 received: who are you?
    func1 received: I don't tell you
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    循环发送:A发一次,B回复一次收到
    实例代码:

    from multiprocessing import Process,Pipe
    import time
    def func1(pipe):
    for i in xrange(10):
    pipe.send('send message to func2:%s'%str(i))
    recvMesg= pipe.recv()
    print recvMesg
    # with open('D:\python\pipeTestFun1.txt','w')as fp:
    # fp.write(recvMesg)
    def func2(pipe):
    for i in xrange(10):
    recvMesg=pipe.recv()
    # with open('D:\python\pipeTestFun2.txt','w') as fp:
    # fp.write(recvMesg+' ')
    sendMesg=recvMesg+' is writen to filePath'
    print recvMesg
    pipe.send(sendMesg)
    if __name__ == '__main__':
    pipe=Pipe()
    p1=Process(target=func1,args=(pipe[0],))
    p2=Process(target=func2,args=(pipe[1],))
    p2.start()
    time.sleep(1)
    p1.start()
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    执行结果:

    send message to func2:0
    send message to func2:0 is writen to filePath
    send message to func2:1
    send message to func2:1 is writen to filePath
    send message to func2:2
    send message to func2:2 is writen to filePath
    send message to func2:3
    send message to func2:3 is writen to filePath
    send message to func2:4
    send message to func2:4 is writen to filePath
    ---------------------
    作者:Loadinggggg
    来源:CSDN
    原文:https://blog.csdn.net/lechunluo3/article/details/79047128
    版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ExMan/p/10951737.html
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