websocket 工作原理

自己写一个websocket(教学用)

import socket, base64, hashlib

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9527))
sock.listen(5)
# 获取客户端socket对象
conn, address = sock.accept()
# 获取客户端的【握手】信息
data = conn.recv(1024)
print(data)
"""
b'GET /ws HTTP/1.1

Host: 127.0.0.1:9527

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:62.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/62.0

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8

Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate

Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13

Origin: http://localhost:63342

Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate

Sec-WebSocket-Key: jocLOLLq1BQWp0aZgEWL5A==

Cookie: session=6f2bab18-2dc4-426a-8f06-de22909b967b

Connection: keep-alive, Upgrade

Pragma: no-cache

Cache-Control: no-cache

Upgrade: websocket

'
"""

# magic string为：258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11
magic_string = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'


def get_headers(data):
    header_dict = {}
    header_str = data.decode("utf8")
    for i in header_str.split("
"):
        if str(i).startswith("Sec-WebSocket-Key"):
            header_dict["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] = i.split(":")[1].strip()

    return header_dict


def get_header(data):
    """
     将请求头格式化成字典
     :param data:
     :return:
     """
    header_dict = {}
    data = str(data, encoding='utf-8')

    header, body = data.split('

', 1)
    header_list = header.split('
')
    for i in range(0, len(header_list)):
        if i == 0:
            if len(header_list[i].split(' ')) == 3:
                header_dict['method'], header_dict['url'], header_dict['protocol'] = header_list[i].split(' ')
        else:
            k, v = header_list[i].split(':', 1)
            header_dict[k] = v.strip()
    return header_dict


headers = get_headers(data)  # 提取请求头信息
# 对请求头中的sec-websocket-key进行加密
response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
" 
               "Upgrade:websocket
" 
               "Connection: Upgrade
" 
               "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s
" 
               "WebSocket-Location: ws://127.0.0.1:9527

"

value = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'] + magic_string
print(value)
ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode('utf-8')).digest())
response_str = response_tpl % (ac.decode('utf-8'))
# 响应【握手】信息
conn.send(response_str.encode("utf8"))

while True:
    msg = conn.recv(8096)
    print(msg)

解密:

# b'x81x83xceHxb6x85xffzx85'

hashstr = b'x81x83xceHxb6x85xffzx85'
# b'x81    x83    xceHxb6x85xffzx85'

# 将第二个字节也就是 x83 第9-16位 进行与127进行位运算
payload = hashstr[1] & 127
print(payload)
if payload == 127:
    extend_payload_len = hashstr[2:10]
    mask = hashstr[10:14]
    decoded = hashstr[14:]
# 当位运算结果等于127时,则第3-10个字节为数据长度
# 第11-14字节为mask 解密所需字符串
# 则数据为第15字节至结尾

if payload == 126:
    extend_payload_len = hashstr[2:4]
    mask = hashstr[4:8]
    decoded = hashstr[8:]
# 当位运算结果等于126时,则第3-4个字节为数据长度
# 第5-8字节为mask 解密所需字符串
# 则数据为第9字节至结尾


if payload <= 125:
    extend_payload_len = None
    mask = hashstr[2:6]
    decoded = hashstr[6:]

# 当位运算结果小于等于125时,则这个数字就是数据的长度
# 第3-6字节为mask 解密所需字符串
# 则数据为第7字节至结尾

str_byte = bytearray()

for i in range(len(decoded)):
    byte = decoded[i] ^ mask[i % 4]
    str_byte.append(byte)

print(str_byte.decode("utf8"))

加密:

import struct
msg_bytes = "hello".encode("utf8")
token = b"x81"
length = len(msg_bytes)

if length < 126:
    token += struct.pack("B", length)
elif length == 126:
    token += struct.pack("!BH", 126, length)
else:
    token += struct.pack("!BQ", 127, length)

msg = token + msg_bytes

print(msg)