这里权当一个matplotlib的用法小结，主要用于记录，以防忘记。
需要安装一下Anaconda，这里推荐清华大学的镜像：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/anaconda/
matplotlib能将数据进行可视化，更直观地呈现。使数据更加客观，更具说服力。
1. 折线图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt # E:Anaconda3Libraryin添加到环境变量 x = range(2, 26, 2) y = [15, 13, 14.5, 17, 20, 25, 26, 26, 24, 22, 18, 15] # 设置图片大小，宽20，高8，像素80 plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80) # 设置x轴的刻度 _xtick_labels = [i / 2 for i in range(4, 49)] plt.xticks(_xtick_labels[::3]) #步长取3 plt.yticks(range(min(y), max(y) + 1)) # 绘图 plt.plot(x, y) # 保存，svg矢量图格式，放大不会有锯齿 plt.savefig('./t1.svg') # 展示图形 plt.show()
2. 设置中文
import random from matplotlib import pyplot as plt, font_manager #设置字体(这样可以显示中文字体) my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname='C:WindowsFontssimsun.ttc', size=12) x = range(120) y = [random.randint(20, 35) for i in range(120)] plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80) # 调整x轴的刻度 # _x = list(x)[::10] # _xtick_labels = ['hello,{}'.format(i) for i in _x] # plt.xticks(_x, _xtick_labels) _x = list(x) _xtick_labels = ['10点{}分'.format(i) for i in range(60)] _xtick_labels += ['11点{}分'.format(i) for i in range(60)] #rotation是逆时针旋转角度 # plt.xticks(_x[::3], _xtick_labels[::3], rotation = 45, fontproperties = 'SimHei') #这样是可以的 plt.xticks(_x[::3], _xtick_labels[::3], rotation = 45, fontproperties = my_font) plt.yticks(range(min(y), max(y) + 1)) #添加描述信息 plt.xlabel('时间', fontproperties = my_font) plt.ylabel('温度 单位(℃)', fontproperties = my_font) plt.title('10点到12点每分钟的气温变化情况', fontproperties = my_font) #网格 #alpha是透明度，0最透明，1最明显 plt.grid(alpha = 0.3) plt.plot(x, y) plt.show()
3. 多个折线图
图例的位置loc：
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt, font_manager plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80) x = range(11, 31) y1 = [1,0,1,1,2,4,3,2,3,4,4,5,6,5,4,3,3,1,1,1] y2 = [1,0,3,1,2,2,3,3,2,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1] #设置字体(这样可以显示中文字体) my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname='C:WindowsFontssimsun.ttc', size=12) plt.xticks(x, ['{}岁'.format(i) for i in list(x)], fontproperties = my_font) plt.yticks([i / 2 for i in range(2 * min(y1), 2 * max(y1) + 1)]) #描述信息 plt.xlabel('年龄', fontproperties = my_font) plt.ylabel('数量', fontproperties = my_font) plt.title('统计个数', fontproperties = my_font, size = 18) #网格 #alpha是透明度 #linestyle -是实线 :是点虚线 --是线虚线 -.是点线虚线 plt.grid(alpha = 0.9, linestyle = ':') #两个都画 plt.plot(x, y1, label = '陈驰', color = 'red', linestyle = '--', linewidth = 3) plt.plot(x, y2, label = '石泽涛', color = 'blue', linestyle = '-.', linewidth = 1) #添加图例 #这里显示中文需要注意一下 plt.legend(prop=my_font, loc=2) plt.show()
4. 散点图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt, font_manager y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23] y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6] x_3 = range(1, 32) x_10 = range(51, 82) plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80) #设置字体(这样可以显示中文字体) my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname='C:WindowsFontssimsun.ttc', size=12) #画散点图 plt.scatter(x_3, y_3, label = '3月份') plt.scatter(x_10, y_10, label = '10月份') _x = list(x_3) + list(x_10) _xtick_labels = ['3月{}日'.format(i) for i in x_3] _xtick_labels += ['10月{}日'.format(i - 50) for i in x_10] plt.xticks(_x[::3], _xtick_labels[::3], fontproperties = my_font, rotation = 45) plt.yticks(range(min(y_3 + y_10), max(y_3 + y_10) + 1)) #添加图例 plt.legend(prop = my_font, loc = 2) #设置描述信息 plt.xlabel('时间', fontproperties = my_font) plt.ylabel('温度（℃）', fontproperties = my_font) plt.title('统计月份温度', fontproperties = my_font, size = 19) plt.grid(alpha = 0.4, linestyle = ':') plt.show()
5. 柱状图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt, font_manager a = ["战狼2", "速度与激情8", "功夫瑜伽", "西游伏妖篇", "变形金刚5：最后的骑士", "摔跤吧！爸爸", "加勒比海盗5：死无对证", "金刚：骷髅岛", "极限特工：终极回归", "生化危机6：终章", "乘风破浪", "神偷奶爸3", "智取威虎山", "大闹天竺", "金刚狼3：殊死一战", "蜘蛛侠：英雄归来", "悟空传", "银河护卫队2", "情圣", "新木乃伊", ] b = [56.01, 26.94, 17.53, 16.49, 15.45, 12.96, 11.8, 11.61, 11.28, 11.12, 10.49, 10.3, 8.75, 7.55, 7.32, 6.99, 6.88, 6.86, 6.58, 6.23] #设置字体(这样可以显示中文字体) my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname='C:WindowsFontssimsun.ttc', size=12) plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80) plt.yticks(range(len(a)), a, fontproperties = my_font) plt.xticks(list(range(int(min(b)), int(max(b)) + 1))[::2]) plt.ylabel('电影', fontproperties = my_font) plt.xlabel('票房（亿元）', fontproperties = my_font) plt.title('2017电影票房统计', fontproperties = my_font, size = 19) #width是条形图宽度 #bar是竖着的（width属性），barh是横着的（height属性） plt.barh(range(len(a)), b, height = 0.3, color = 'orange') plt.grid(alpha = 0.3, linestyle = ':') plt.show()
6. 直方图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt, font_manager #设置字体(这样可以显示中文字体) my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname='C:WindowsFontssimsun.ttc', size=12) a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"] b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319] b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168] b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362] plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80) _x = list(range(len(a))) _bar_width = 0.1 plt.xticks([i + _bar_width for i in _x], a, fontproperties = my_font) plt.xlabel('电影', fontproperties = my_font) plt.ylabel('票房', fontproperties = my_font) plt.title('不同天的电影票房', fontproperties = my_font, size = 20) plt.bar(_x, b_16, width = _bar_width, label = '9月16日') plt.bar([i + _bar_width for i in _x], b_15, width = _bar_width, label = '9月15日') plt.bar([i + _bar_width * 2 for i in _x], b_14, width = _bar_width, label = '9月14日') plt.legend(prop = my_font, loc = 0) plt.show()
要想进一步学习，参考：
https://matplotlib.org/gallery/index.html
或者选用：