day5主要是各种常用模块的学习
- time &datetime模块
- random
- os
- sys
- shutil
- json & picle
- shelve
- xml处理
- yaml处理
- configparser
- hashlib
- subprocess
- logging模块
- re正则表达式
time & datetime模块
#Authon Ivor
import time
#打印时间戳
print(time.time())
#打印当前时间的时间对象格式
print(time.localtime())
#字符串转换时间对象
print(time.strptime("2016-02-02 15:52:20","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
#时间对象转换字符串
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime()))
#时间对象转换时间戳
print(time.mktime(time.localtime()))
#时间戳转换时间对象
print(time.gmtime(time.time()))
import datetime
#打印当前日期时间
print(datetime.datetime.now())
#从时间戳转换成年月日格式
print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time()))
#从时间戳转换成年月日时间格式
print(datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time()))
#对当前时间进行加减运算
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=3))
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=-3))
#直接进行时间替换
t = datetime.datetime.now()
print(t.replace(year=2012,month=12,day=24,hour=0,minute=0,second=0))
random模块
#Authon Ivor
import random
for i in range(10):
print(random.random())
print(random.randint(1,5))
print(random.randrange(1,5))
shutil 模块
#Authon Ivor
import shutil
#拷贝文件对象
f1 = open("random mod.py")
f2 = open("random_new.py","w")
shutil.copyfileobj(f1,f2,length=1)
#拷贝文件,文件和权限，包括copyfile和copymode
shutil.copy("random mod.py","random_new.py")
#拷贝文件和状态信息，包括copyfile和copystat
shutil.copy2("random mod.py","random_new.py")
#拷贝文件，不包括权限
shutil.copyfile("random mod.py","random_new.py")
#仅拷贝文件权限,仅拷贝权限。内容、组、用户均不变
shutil.copymode("random mod.py","random_new.py")
#拷贝状态的信息，包括：mode bits, atime, mtime, flags
shutil.copystat("random mod.py","random_new.py")
#拷贝文件目录，递归拷贝
shutil.copytree()
#递归删除
shutil.rmtree()
#移动文件
shutil.move()
shutil.make_archive()
#base_name： 压缩包的文件名，也可以是压缩包的路径。只是文件名时，则保存至当前目录，否则保存至指定路径，
# 如：www =>保存至当前路径
# 如：/Users/wupeiqi/www =>保存至/Users/wupeiqi/
# •format： 压缩包种类，“zip”, “tar”, “bztar”，“gztar”
# •root_dir： 要压缩的文件夹路径（默认当前目录）
# •owner： 用户，默认当前用户
# •group： 组，默认当前组
# •logger： 用于记录日志，通常是logging.Logger对象
import zipfile
# 压缩
z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'w')
z.write('a.log')
z.write('data.data')
z.close()
# 解压
z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'r')
z.extractall()
z.close()
# zipfile 压缩解压
import tarfile
# 压缩
tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','w')
tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/bbs2.zip', arcname='bbs2.zip')
tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/cmdb.zip', arcname='cmdb.zip')
tar.close()
# 解压
tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','r')
tar.extractall() # 可设置解压地址
tar.close()
json & pickle 模块
#Authon Ivor import json # info = { # "name":"Ivor", # "age":"27", #} info = ["a","b","c","f","f","g"] with open("jsondump.json","w") as f: f.write(json.dumps(info)) with open("jsondump.json","w") as f: json.dump(info,f) #Authon Ivor import json info = { "name":"Ivor", "age":"27", } with open("jsondump.json","r") as f: a = json.loads(f.read()) with open("jsondump.json","r") as f: b = json.load(f) print(a,b) #Authon Ivor import pickle def sayhi(): print("Hello World!") info = { "name":"Ivor", "func":sayhi } with open("pickle.pickle","wb") as f: f.write(pickle.dumps(info)) with open("pickle.pickle", "wb") as f: pickle.dump(info,f) #Authon Ivor import pickle def sayhi(): print("Hello World!") with open("pickle.pickle","rb") as f: pickle.loads(f.read()) with open("pickle.pickle","rb") as f: pickle.load(f)
shelve 模块
#Authon Ivor import shelve d = shelve.open('shelve_test') # 打开一个文件 class Test(object): def __init__(self, n): self.n = n t1 = Test("123") t2 = Test("ivor") name = ["alex","ivor"] d["name"] = name d["t1"] = t1 d["t2"] = t2 d.close()
xml处理模块
#Authon Ivor import xml.etree.ElementTree as et tree = et.parse("test.xml") root = tree.getroot() print(root.tag) #遍历xml文档 for child in root: print(child.tag,child.attrib) for i in child: print(i.tag,i.text) #只遍历year节点 for node in root.iter("year"): print(node.tag,node.text) #修改 for node in root.iter("year"): new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) node.set("updates","yes") tree.write("test2.xml") #删除 for country in root.iter("country"): rank = int(country.find('rank').text) if rank > 50: root.remove(country) tree.write("test3.xml") 创建xml tree = et.Element("Tree") stu = et.SubElement(tree,"Stu1") name = et.SubElement(stu,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"}) name.text = "ivor" age = et.SubElement(stu,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"}) age.text = "22" stu2 = et.SubElement(tree,"Stu2") name = et.SubElement(stu2,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"}) name.text = "dark" age = et.SubElement(stu2,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"}) age.text = "23" et = et.ElementTree(tree) et.write("test4.xml",encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)
ConfigParser模块
#Authon Ivor import configparser #新增 config = configparser.ConfigParser() config["DEFAULT"] = { "port":5506, "enable":"YES" } config['bitbucket.org'] = {} config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg' config['topsecret.server.com'] = {} #修改 config["DEFAULT"]["enable"] = "NO" a = config.sections() print(a) #写入 with open("conf.ini","w") as f: config.write(f) #读取 config.read("conf.ini") print(config.sections()) print(config.items()) print(config.keys()) print(config.values()) # ########## 读 ########## # secs = config.sections() # print secs # options = config.options('group2') # print options # item_list = config.items('group2') # print item_list # val = config.get('group1','key') # val = config.getint('group1','key') # ########## 改写 ########## # sec = config.remove_section('group1') # config.write(open('i.cfg', "w")) # sec = config.has_section('wupeiqi') # sec = config.add_section('wupeiqi') # config.write(open('i.cfg', "w")) # config.set('group2','k1',11111) # config.write(open('i.cfg', "w")) # config.remove_option('group2','age') # config.write(open('i.cfg', "w"))
hashlib模块
#Authon Ivor import hashlib m = hashlib.md5() m.update(b"Hello") m.update(b"It's me") print(m.digest()) m.update(b"It's been a long time since last time we ...") print(m.digest()) # 2进制格式hash print(len(m.hexdigest())) # 16进制格式hash ''' def digest(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return the digest value as a string of binary data. """ pass def hexdigest(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return the digest value as a string of hexadecimal digits. """ pass ''' import hashlib # ######## md5 ######## hash = hashlib.md5() hash.update('admin') print(hash.hexdigest()) # ######## sha1 ######## hash = hashlib.sha1() hash.update('admin') print(hash.hexdigest()) # ######## sha256 ######## hash = hashlib.sha256() hash.update('admin') print(hash.hexdigest()) # ######## sha384 ######## hash = hashlib.sha384() hash.update('admin') print(hash.hexdigest()) # ######## sha512 ######## hash = hashlib.sha512() hash.update('admin') print(hash.hexdigest())
Subprocess模块
#Authon Ivor import subprocess #执行命令，返回命令执行状态 ， 0 or 非0 retcode = subprocess.call(["ls", "-l"]) #执行命令，如果命令结果为0，就正常返回，否则抛异常 subprocess.check_call(["ls", "-l"]) #接收字符串格式命令，返回元组形式，第1个元素是执行状态，第2个是命令结果 subprocess.getstatusoutput('ls /bin/ls') (0, '/bin/ls') #接收字符串格式命令，并返回结果 subprocess.getoutput('ls /bin/ls') '/bin/ls' #执行命令，并返回结果，注意是返回结果，不是打印，下例结果返回给res res=subprocess.check_output(['ls','-l']) res b'total 0 drwxr-xr-x 12 alex staff 408 Nov 2 11:05 OldBoyCRM ' #上面那些方法，底层都是封装的subprocess.Popen p = subprocess.Popen("df -h|grep disk",stdin=subprocess.PIPE,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,shell=True) p.stdout.read() # 可用参数： # •args：shell命令，可以是字符串或者序列类型（如：list，元组） # •bufsize：指定缓冲。0 无缓冲,1 行缓冲,其他 缓冲区大小,负值 系统缓冲 # •stdin, stdout, stderr：分别表示程序的标准输入、输出、错误句柄 # •preexec_fn：只在Unix平台下有效，用于指定一个可执行对象（callable object），它将在子进程运行之前被调用 # •close_sfs：在windows平台下，如果close_fds被设置为True，则新创建的子进程将不会继承父进程的输入、输出、错误管道。 # 所以不能将close_fds设置为True同时重定向子进程的标准输入、输出与错误(stdin, stdout, stderr)。 # •shell：同上 # •cwd：用于设置子进程的当前目录 # •env：用于指定子进程的环境变量。如果env = None，子进程的环境变量将从父进程中继承。 # •universal_newlines：不同系统的换行符不同，True -> 同意使用 # •startupinfo与createionflags只在windows下有效 # 将被传递给底层的CreateProcess()函数，用于设置子进程的一些属性，如：主窗口的外观，进程的优先级等等
logging模块
#Authon Ivor import logging logging.basicConfig(filename="access.log",level=logging.INFO,format='%(asctime)s %(message)s', datefmt='%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p') # 日志格式 # # %(name)s # Logger的名字 # # %(levelno)s # 数字形式的日志级别 # # %(levelname)s # 文本形式的日志级别 # # %(pathname)s # 调用日志输出函数的模块的完整路径名，可能没有 # # %(filename)s # 调用日志输出函数的模块的文件名 # # %(module)s # 调用日志输出函数的模块名 # # %(funcName)s # 调用日志输出函数的函数名 # # %(lineno)d # 调用日志输出函数的语句所在的代码行 # # %(created)f # 当前时间，用UNIX标准的表示时间的浮点数表示 # # %(relativeCreated)d # 输出日志信息时的，自Logger创建以来的毫秒数 # # %(asctime)s # 字符串形式的当前时间。默认格式是 “2003 - 07 - 08 16: 49:45, 896”。逗号后面的是毫秒 # # %(thread)d # 线程ID。可能没有 # # %(threadName)s # 线程名。可能没有 # # %(process)d # 进程ID。可能没有 # # %(message)s # 用户输出的消息
re模块
#Authon Ivor def addition(a): return str(round(float(a[0].strip())+float(a[1].strip()),5)) def subtraction(a): return str(round(float(a[0].strip())-float(a[1].strip()),5)) def multiplication(a): return str(round(float(a[0].strip())*float(a[1].strip()),5)) def division(a): return str(round(float(a[0].strip())/float(a[1].strip()),5)) import re num = ''' 请输入运算式: 1 - 2 * ( (60-30 +(-40/5) * (9-2*5/3 + 7 /3*99/4*2998 +10 * 568/14 )) - (-4*3)/ (16-3*2) ) >>> ''' a = input(num) a = a.replace(" ","") while True: b = re.search(r'([^()]+)',a) if b: c = re.search('d+.?d*/(+|-)?d+.?d*',b.group()) if c: d = division(c.group().split("/")) a = a.replace(c.group(),d) continue c = re.search('d+.?d**(+|-)?d+.?d*',b.group()) if c: d = multiplication(c.group().split("*")) a = a.replace(c.group(),d) continue c = re.search('d+.?d*-d+.?d*',b.group()) if c: d = subtraction(c.group().split("-")) a = a.replace(c.group(),d) continue c = re.search('d+.?d*+d+.?d*',b.group()) if c: d = addition(c.group().split("+")) a = a.replace(c.group(),d) continue c = re.search('d+.?d*(+|-){2}d+.?d*',b.group()) if c: if "+-" in c.group(): a = a.replace(c.group(),c.group().replace("+-","-")) if "--" in c.group(): a = a.replace(c.group(),c.group().replace("--","+")) if "-+" in c.group(): a = a.replace(c.group(),c.group().replace("-+","-")) if "++" in c.group(): a = a.replace(c.group(),c.group().replace("++","+")) continue if b and not c: a = a.replace(b.group(),b.group().strip("()")) continue else: if "+-" in a: a = a.replace("+-","-") if "--" in a: a = a.replace("--","+") if "-+" in a: a = a.replace("-+","-") if "++" in a: a = a.replace("++","+") b = re.search('d+.?d*/(+|-)?d+.?d*', a) if b: c = division(b.group().split("/")) a = a.replace(b.group(),c) continue b = re.search('d+.?d**(+|-)?d+.?d*',a) if b: c = multiplication(b.group().split("*")) a = a.replace(b.group(),c) continue b = re.search('d+.?d*-d+.?d*', a) if b: c = subtraction(b.group().split("-")) a = a.replace(b.group(),c) continue b = re.search('d+.?d*+d+.?d*', a) if b: c = addition(b.group().split("+")) a = a.replace(b.group(),c) continue print(a) exit()