爬取招聘网的招聘信息：
import json import random import time import pymongo import re import pandas as pd import requests from lxml import etree import datetime # 设置cookie中可变的值 now = datetime.datetime.now() timeStamp = int(now.timestamp()*1000) geshi = "%Y%m%d%H%M%S" time1 = datetime.datetime.strftime(now,geshi) # 设置mongodb client = pymongo.MongoClient('localhost') # 设置数据库名 db = client['lagou'] # 指定集合名 data_name = 'lagouData' detail = 'detailData' # 常量 CITY = '广州' # 查询的岗位名称 POSITON_NAME = '数据挖掘' # 想要爬取的总页面数 PAGE_SUN = 10 # 每页返回的职位数量 PAGE_SIZE = 15 # 匹配span[position()>3]：表示p标签下从第三个span开始匹配所以 # //dd[@class='job_request']/p/span[position()>3] # index_url = 'https://m.lagou.com/search.json?city={}&positionName={}&pageNo={}&pageSize=15' # index页地址url index_url = 'https://m.lagou.com/search.json?city={}&positionName={}&pageNo={}&pageSize={}' # 详情页地址url detail_url = 'https://m.lagou.com/jobs/{}.html' # 浏览代理用户 user_agents = [ "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone 84; CPU iPhone OS 10_3_3 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/603.3.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.0 MQQBrowser/7.8.0 Mobile/14G60 Safari/8536.25 MttCustomUA/2 QBWebViewType/1 WKType/1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.0; STF-AL10 Build/HUAWEISTF-AL10; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/53.0.2785.49 Mobile MQQBrowser/6.2 TBS/043508 Safari/537.36 V1_AND_SQ_7.2.0_730_YYB_D QQ/7.2.0.3270 NetType/4G WebP/0.3.0 Pixel/1080", "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 10_3_3 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/603.3.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/14G60 MicroMessenger/6.5.18 NetType/WIFI Language/en", "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; vivo Xplay5A Build/LMY47V; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Mobile Safari/537.36 T7/9.3 baiduboxapp/9.3.0.10 (Baidu; P1 5.1.1)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 7.0; zh-cn; STF-AL00 Build/HUAWEISTF-AL00) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)Version/4.0 Chrome/37.0.0.0 MQQBrowser/7.9 Mobile Safari/537.36", "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; LEX626 Build/HEXCNFN5902606111S) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/35.0.1916.138 Mobile Safari/537.36 T7/7.4 baiduboxapp/8.3.1 (Baidu; P1 6.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone 92; CPU iPhone OS 10_3_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/603.2.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.0 MQQBrowser/7.7.2 Mobile/14F89 Safari/8536.25 MttCustomUA/2 QBWebViewType/1 WKType/1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 7.0; zh-CN; ZUK Z2121 Build/NRD90M) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/40.0.2214.89 UCBrowser/11.6.8.952 Mobile Safari/537.36"] # index页面 def index_fn(): user_agent=random.choice(user_agents) headers = { "Accept": "application/json", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br", "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9", "Connection": "keep-alive", "Host": "m.lagou.com", # "Cookie": "_ga=GA1.2.841469794.1541152606; user_trace_token=20181102175657-a2701865-de85-11e8-8368-525400f775ce; LGUID=20181102175657-a2701fbd-de85-11e8-8368-525400f775ce; index_location_city=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E; _gid=GA1.2.311675459.1542615716; _ga=GA1.3.841469794.1541152606; Hm_lvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1542634073,1542634080,1542634122,1542634128; JSESSIONID=ABAAABAAAGCABCC1B87E5C12282CECED77A736D4CD7FA8A; X_HTTP_TOKEN=aae2d9e96d6a68f72d98ab409a933460; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%221672c5c65c01c7-0e8e56366a6cce-3a3a5c0e-2073600-1672c5c65c3bf%22%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%221672c5c65c01c7-0e8e56366a6cce-3a3a5c0e-2073600-1672c5c65c3bf%22%7D; sajssdk_2015_cross_new_user=1; _gat=1; LGSID=20181119231628-167f7db1-ec0e-11e8-a76a-525400f775ce; PRE_UTM=; PRE_HOST=; PRE_SITE=https%3A%2F%2Fm.lagou.com%2Fsearch.html; PRE_LAND=https%3A%2F%2Fm.lagou.com%2Fjobs%2F5219979.html; Hm_lpvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6={timeStamp}; LGRID={time}-1c458fde-ec0e-11e8-895f-5254005c3644".format( timeStamp=timeStamp, time=time1), "Referer": "https://m.lagou.com/search.html", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.102 Safari/537.36", "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest", } for i in range(PAGE_SIZE): proxies = {'HTTP': '171.37.164.78:8123'} response = requests.get(index_url.format(CITY, POSITON_NAME, i, PAGE_SIZE), headers=headers,proxies=proxies).content.decode() content = json.loads(response) # print('content', content) if content: try: result = content['content']['data']['page']['result'] for item in result: # print(type(item),item) # print(item['positionId']) data = { 'positionId': item['positionId'], 'positionName': item['positionName'], 'city': item['city'], 'createTime':item['createTime'], 'companyId': item['companyId'], 'companyLogo': item['companyLogo'], 'companyName': item['companyName'], 'companyFullName': item['companyFullName'], } time.sleep(0.5) # db['lagouData'].insert(data) yield data except Exception as e: print('爬取index页出错', e) else: time.sleep(10) print('重新加载') # except Exception as e: # print('爬取index页出错', e) # 详情页： def detail_d(positionId): # 随机获取代理对象 user_agent = random.choice(user_agents) headers = { "Accept": "application/json", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br", "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9", "Connection": "keep-alive", "Host": "m.lagou.com", # "Cookie": "_ga=GA1.2.841469794.1541152606; user_trace_token=20181102175657-a2701865-de85-11e8-8368-525400f775ce; LGUID=20181102175657-a2701fbd-de85-11e8-8368-525400f775ce; index_location_city=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E; _gid=GA1.2.311675459.1542615716; _ga=GA1.3.841469794.1541152606; Hm_lvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1542634073,1542634080,1542634122,1542634128; JSESSIONID=ABAAABAAAGCABCC1B87E5C12282CECED77A736D4CD7FA8A; X_HTTP_TOKEN=aae2d9e96d6a68f72d98ab409a933460; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%221672c5c65c01c7-0e8e56366a6cce-3a3a5c0e-2073600-1672c5c65c3bf%22%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%221672c5c65c01c7-0e8e56366a6cce-3a3a5c0e-2073600-1672c5c65c3bf%22%7D; sajssdk_2015_cross_new_user=1; _gat=1; LGSID=20181119231628-167f7db1-ec0e-11e8-a76a-525400f775ce; PRE_UTM=; PRE_HOST=; PRE_SITE=https%3A%2F%2Fm.lagou.com%2Fsearch.html; PRE_LAND=https%3A%2F%2Fm.lagou.com%2Fjobs%2F5219979.html; Hm_lpvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6={timeStamp}; LGRID={time}-1c458fde-ec0e-11e8-895f-5254005c3644".format( timeStamp=timeStamp, time=time1), "Referer": "https://m.lagou.com/search.html", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.102 Safari/537.36", "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest", } response = requests.get(detail_url.format(positionId), headers=headers).content.decode() xml = etree.HTML(response) title = xml.xpath('''//div[@class='postitle']/h2/text()''') job_details = xml.xpath('''//div[@class='detail']/div[1]//span/span/text()''') job_detail = str(job_details).replace(r' ', '').replace(' ', '') work_detial = xml.xpath('''//div[@class='content']//p/text()''') company_img = xml.xpath('''//div[@class='content']//p/text()''') company_infors = xml.xpath( '''//div[@class='company activeable']/div/div/h2/text()|//div[@class='dleft']/p/text()''') company_infor = str(company_infors).strip().replace(r' ', '').replace(' ', '') detail_datas = { 'title': title, 'job_detail': job_detail, 'work_detial': work_detial, 'company_img': company_img, 'company_infor': company_infor } return detail_datas # 保存到mongodb def save_to_mongodb(data, detail_datas, positionId): # if db[data_name].update({'positionId': positionId}, {'$set': data}, True): # print('update to Mongo', data['positionId']) db['lagouData'].insert(data) db['detailDta'].insert(detail_datas) print('成功存入mongodb') # 保存为csv文件 def save_to_csv(): item_list = [] for item in index_fn(): item_list.append(item) print('123456', item) # print('详情列', item_list) # item_list是一个列表，里面装很多字典类似{'positionId': 4102483, 'positionName': '数据挖掘工程师', 'city': '广州',... datas = pd.DataFrame(item_list, columns=["positionId", "positionName", "city", "createTime", "salary", "companyId", "companyLogo", "companyName", "companyFullName"]) datas.to_csv('./static/lagou.csv') print('保存为csv文件成功') def run(): # 保存为csv文件 # proxies=get_ip() # for i in proxies: data = index_fn() save_to_csv() for item in data: print('data', item) positionId = item['positionId'] print(positionId) # 调用详情页函数 detail_datas = detail_d(positionId) # 保存详情页和主页的数据到mongodb save_to_mongodb(data, detail_datas, positionId) if __name__ == '__main__': run()
预防反爬虫措施：
1.用户代理变换设置
2.不同ip代理的设置
3.设置用户cookie变化的信息
列举一下获取网络免费ip代理，并验证其是否可用的代码：
import requests import re import telnetlib from lxml import etree import time def get_ip(): headers = { "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36", } url = "http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/" res = requests.get(url,headers=headers) content = res.content.decode() # 调用lxml中的etree库便于用xpath获取html中的文本 xml = etree.HTML(content) # 以下为xpath语法 # //tr[@class='odd']//td[2]//text() ip # //tr[@class='odd']//td[3]//text() port 端口 # //tr[@class='odd']//td[6]//text() type 类型 ip_list = xml.xpath("//tr[@class='odd']//td[2]//text()") port_list = xml.xpath("//tr[@class='odd']//td[3]//text()") type_list = xml.xpath("//tr[@class='odd']//td[6]//text()") if len(ip_list) != 0: for ip,port,type in zip(ip_list,port_list,type_list): proxies = { type:"{}:{}".format(ip,port) } try: telnetlib.Telnet(ip, port=port, timeout=10) except Exception: print("不能使用该{}".format(proxies)) else: print('可以使用该{}'.format(proxies)) yield proxies get_ip() else: time.sleep(1) get_ip() # content= res.content.decode() # print(content) # if __name__ == '__main__': # ip = get_ip() # print(ip) # for i in ip: # pass # yield i # print('getip,getip',i)