面试的时候被多表查询考倒了,回来练习一下,以作备用。
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for `course` -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `course`; CREATE TABLE `course` ( `cid` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '课程编号', `cname` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '课程名称', `tid` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '教师编号', PRIMARY KEY (`cid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of course -- ---------------------------- INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('01', '语文', '02'); INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('02', '数学', '01'); INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('03', '英语', '03'); INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('04', '物理', '04'); -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for `score` -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `score`; CREATE TABLE `score` ( `sid` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生编号', `cid` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '课程编号', `score` decimal(18,1) NOT NULL COMMENT '成绩' ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of score -- ---------------------------- INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('01', '01', '80.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('01', '02', '90.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('01', '03', '99.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('02', '01', '70.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('02', '02', '60.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('02', '03', '80.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('03', '01', '80.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('03', '02', '80.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('03', '03', '80.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('04', '01', '50.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('04', '02', '30.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('04', '03', '20.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('05', '01', '76.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('05', '02', '87.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('06', '01', '31.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('06', '03', '34.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('07', '02', '89.0'); INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('07', '03', '98.0'); -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for `student` -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`; CREATE TABLE `student` ( `sid` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生学号', `sname` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生姓名', `sage` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '学生年龄', `ssex` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生性别', PRIMARY KEY (`sid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of student -- ---------------------------- INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('01', '赵雷', '1990-01-01 00:00:00', '男'); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('02', '钱电', '1990-12-21 00:00:00', '男'); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('03', '孙风', '1990-05-06 00:00:00', '男'); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('04', '李云', '1990-08-06 00:00:00', '男'); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('05', '周梅', '1991-12-01 00:00:00', '女'); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('06', '吴兰', '1992-03-01 00:00:00', '女'); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('07', '郑竹', '1989-07-01 00:00:00', '女'); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('08', '王菊', '1990-01-20 00:00:00', '女'); -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for `teacher` -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`; CREATE TABLE `teacher` ( `tid` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '教师编号', `tname` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '教师姓名', PRIMARY KEY (`tid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of teacher -- ---------------------------- INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('01', '张三'); INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('02', '李四'); INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('03', '王五'); INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('04', '三八');
就四张表。course,student,teacher,score。
。
1、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
1.1、查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况
select a.* , b.score,c.score from student a , score b , score c where a.sid = b.sid and a.sid = c.sid and b.cid = '01' and c.cid = '02' and b.score > c.score
1.2、查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况和存在"01"课程但可能不存在"02"课程 的情况(不存在时显示为 null)
select a.* , b.score ,c.score from student a left join score b on a.sid = b.sid and b.cid = '01' left join score c on a.sid = c.sid and c.cid = '02' where b.score>IFNULL(c.score,0)
2、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数
3、查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
select a.sid , a.sname , cast(avg(b.score) as decimal(18,2)) avg_score from Student a , score b where a.sid = b.sid group by a.sid , a.sname having cast(avg(b.score) as decimal(18,2)) >= 60 order by a.sid
--group by 和having 解释:前提必须了解sql语言中一种特殊的函数:聚集函数,
--例如SUM, COUNT, MAX, AVG等。这些函数和其它函数的根本区别就是它们一般作用在多条记录上。
--WHERE关键字在使用集合函数时不能使用,所以在集合函数中加上了HAVING来起到测试查询结果是否符合条件的作用。
--需要注意说明:当同时含有where子句、group by 子句 、having子句及聚集函数时,执行顺序如下:
--执行where子句查找符合条件的数据;
--使用group by 子句对数据进行分组;对group by 子句形成的组运行聚集函数计算每一组的值;最后用having 子句去掉不符合条件的组。
--having 子句中的每一个元素也必须出现在select列表中。有些数据库例外,如oracle.
--having子句和where子句都可以用来设定限制条件以使查询结果满足一定的条件限制。
--having子句限制的是组,而不是行。where子句中不能使用聚集函数,而having子句中可以。
--cast(avg(b.score) as decimal(18,2))解释:Cast(字段名 as 转换的类型 )
4、查询平均成绩小于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩(注意成绩为null的学生,使用ifnull()函数)
select a.sid , a.Sname , IFNULL(cast(avg(b.score) as decimal(18,2)),0) avg_score from Student a left join score b on a.sid = b.sid group by a.sid , a.sname having ifnull(cast(avg(b.score) as decimal(18,2)),0) < 60 order by a.Sid
5、查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩
select a.sid AS 学生编号, a.Sname as 学生姓名, count(b.cid) 选课总数, sum(score) 所有课程的总成绩 from Student a left join score b on a.sid = b.sid group by a.sid,a.Sname order by a.sid