在文本编辑器中新建一个文件,写几句话来总结一下你至此学到的Python知识,其中每一行都以“In Python you can”打头。将这个文件命名为 learning_python.txt,并将其存储到为完成本章练习而编写的程序所在的目录中。编写一个程序,它读取这个文件,并将你所写的内容打印三次:第一次打印时读取整个 文件;第二次打印时遍历文件对象;第三次打印时将各行存储在一个列表中,再在with 代码块外打印它们
filename = 'learning_python.txt'
with open(filename) as file_object:
contents = file_object.read()
print("the first style of reading the contents:")
print(contents)
print("
the second style of reading the contents:")
with open(filename) as file_object:
for line in file_object:
print(line.strip())
with open(filename) as file_object:
lines = file_object.readlines()
print("
the third style of reading the contents:")
for line in lines:
print(line.strip())
可使用方法replace() 将字符串中的特定单词都替换为另一个单词。下面是一个简单的示例,演示了如何将句子中的'dog' 替换为'cat' :
- 读取你刚创建的文件learning_python.txt中的每一行,将其中的Python都替换为另一门语言的名称,如C。将修改后的各行都打印到屏幕上。
filename = 'learning_python.txt'
with open(filename) as file_object:
contents = file_object.read()
contents = contents.replace('python','java')
print(contents)
编写一个程序,提示用户输入其名字;用户作出响应后,将其名字写入到文件guest.txt中
filename = 'guest.txt'
username = input('please enter your name:')
with open(filename,'a') as file_object:
file_object.write(username+'
')
编写一个while 循环,提示用户输入其名字。用户输入其名字后,在屏幕上打印一句问候语,并将一条访问记录添加到文件guest_book.txt中。确保这个文件中的每条记录都独占一行
filename = 'guest_book.txt'
while True:
name = input('Please enter your name,press Ctrl+c exit this terminal:')
with open(filename,'a') as file_object:
file_object.write(name+'
')
print(f'welcome! {name.title()}')
编写一个while 循环,询问用户为何喜欢编程。每当用户输入一个原因后,都将其添加到一个存储所有原因的文件中
filename = 'reasons.txt'
while True:
reason = input("Why are you love to programming:")
with open(filename,'a') as file_object:
file_object.write(f'{reason}
')
提示用户提供数值输入时,常出现的一个问题是,用户提供的是文本而不是数字。在这种情况下,当你尝试将输入转换为整数时,将引 发TypeError异常。编写一个程序,提示用户输入两个数字,再将它们相加并打印结果。在用户输入的任何一个值不是数字时都捕获TypeError 异常,并打印一条友好的错误消息。对你编写的程序进行测试:先输入两个数字,再输入一些文本而不是数字
print("Give me two numbers and I'll add them.")
print("Enter 'q' to quit.")
while True:
first_number = input("
First number:")
if first_number == 'q':
break
second_number = input("Second number:")
if second_number == 'q':
break
try:
number_1 = int(first_number)
number_2 = int(second_number)
result = number_1 + number_2
except ValueError as e:
print("some input are not number.")
else:
print(f"The result is {result}")
将你为完成练习10-6而编写的代码放在一个while 循环中,让用户犯错(输入的是文本而不是数字)后能够继续输入数字
print("Give me two numbers and I'll add them.")
print("Enter 'q' to quit.")
while True:
first_number = input("
First number:")
if first_number == 'q':
break
second_number = input("Second number:")
if second_number == 'q':
break
try:
number_1 = int(first_number)
number_2 = int(second_number)
result = number_1 + number_2
except ValueError as e:
print("some input are not number.")
else:
print(f"The result is {result}")
创建两个文件cats.txt和dogs.txt,在第一个文件中至少存储三只猫的名字,在第二个文件中至少存储三条狗的名字。编写一个程序,尝试读取这些文件, 并将其内容打印到屏幕上。
-
将这些代码放在一个try-except 代码块中,以便在文件不存在时捕获FileNotFound 错误,并打印一条友好的消息。将其中一个文件 移到另一个地方,并确认except 代码块中的代码将正确地执行
-
修改你在练习10-8中编写的except 代码块,让程序在文件不存在时一言不发
def pets(filename):
try:
with open(filename) as f:
contents =f.read()
except FileNotFoundError as e:
#print("cannot find the file.")
pass
else:
print(f"The pets are:
{contents}")
filenames =['dogs.txt','cats.txt','puppys.txt']
for filename in filenames:
pets(filename)