基础
- 可扩展的标记语言
- 优点：
- 容易读懂
- 格式标准任何语言都内置了XML分析引擎，不用单独进行文件分析引擎的编写
- Node ：所看到的均是节点
- Element:元素就是标签
- 节点包含元素
- 大小写敏感
写入XML
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
namespace _01WriteXML
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//1.创建一个XML文档对象
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
//2.创建第一行描述信息
XmlDeclaration dec = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
//3.将创建的第一行数据添加到文档中
doc.AppendChild(dec);
//4.给文档添加根节点
XmlElement books = doc.CreateElement("Books");
//5.将根节点添加给文档对象
doc.AppendChild(books);
//6.给根节点添加子节点
XmlElement book1 = doc.CreateElement("Book");
//7.将子结点book1添加到根节点下
books.AppendChild(book1);
//8.给book1添加子节点
XmlElement book1Name = doc.CreateElement("BookName");
//9.设置标签中显示的文本
book1Name.InnerText = "水浒传";
book1.AppendChild(book1Name);
XmlElement book1Author = doc.CreateElement("Author");
book1Author.InnerText = "<author>匿名</author>";
book1.AppendChild(book1Author);
XmlElement book1Price = doc.CreateElement("Price");
book1Price.InnerXml = "<author>匿名</author>";
book1.AppendChild(book1Price);
XmlElement book1Des = doc.CreateElement("Des");
book1Des.InnerXml = "好看呢";
book1.AppendChild(book1Des);
doc.Save("Book.xml");
Console.WriteLine("保存成功！");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
//XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Books>
<Book>
<BookName>水浒传</BookName>
<Author><author>匿名</author></Author>
<Price>
<author>匿名</author>
</Price>
<Des>好看呢</Des>
</Book>
</Books>
//InnerXml和InnerText的区别
book1Price.InnerXml = "<author>匿名</author>";
在XML中显示：
<Price>
<author>匿名</author>
</Price>
book1Author.InnerText = "<author>匿名</author>";
在XML中显示：
<Author><author>匿名</author></Author>
写入带属性的XML
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
namespace _02WriteXMLWithAttribute
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
XmlDeclaration dec = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
doc.AppendChild(dec);
XmlElement order = doc.CreateElement("Order");
doc.AppendChild(order);
XmlElement customerName = doc.CreateElement("CustomerName");
customerName.InnerXml = "刘XX";
order.AppendChild(customerName);
XmlElement orderNumber = doc.CreateElement("OrderNumber");
orderNumber.InnerXml = "100";
order.AppendChild(orderNumber);
XmlElement items = doc.CreateElement("Items");
order.AppendChild(items);
XmlElement orderItem1 = doc.CreateElement("OrderItem1");
orderItem1.SetAttribute("Name", "锅巴");
orderItem1.SetAttribute("Count", "10");
orderItem1.SetAttribute("Price", "12");
items.AppendChild(orderItem1);
XmlElement orderItem2 = doc.CreateElement("OrderItem2");
orderItem2.SetAttribute("Name", "杯子");
orderItem2.SetAttribute("Count", "6");
orderItem2.SetAttribute("Price", "8");
items.AppendChild(orderItem2);
doc.Save("Order.xml");
Console.WriteLine("保存成功！");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
//XML：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Order>
<CustomerName>刘XX</CustomerName>
<OrderNumber>100</OrderNumber>
<Items>
<OrderItem1 Name="锅巴" Count="10" Price="12" />
<OrderItem2 Name="杯子" Count="6" Price="8" />
</Items>
</Order>
文档对象模型
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
namespace _03DocumentObjectModel
{
class Student
{
public int Age { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public int ID { get; set; }
public char Gender { get; set; }
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
List<Student> list = new List<Student>();
list.Add(new Student() { ID = 1, Name = "张三", Gender = '男', Age = 12 });
list.Add(new Student() { ID = 2, Name = "李四", Gender = '男', Age = 30 });
list.Add(new Student() { ID = 3, Name = "王五", Gender = '男', Age = 5 });
list.Add(new Student() { ID = 4, Name = "张丽", Gender = '女', Age = 18 });
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
XmlDeclaration dec = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
doc.AppendChild(dec);
XmlElement person = doc.CreateElement("Person");
doc.AppendChild(person);
//通过循环List集合，获得所有对象以节点的形式添加到XML文档中
for(int i = 0;i<list.Count;i++)
{
XmlElement student = doc.CreateElement("Student");
student.SetAttribute("studentID", list[i].ID.ToString());
XmlElement name = doc.CreateElement("Name");
name.InnerXml = list[i].Name;
XmlElement gender = doc.CreateElement("Gender");
gender.InnerXml = list[i].Gender.ToString();
XmlElement age = doc.CreateElement("Age");
age.InnerXml = list[i].Age.ToString();
person.AppendChild(student);
student.AppendChild(name);
student.AppendChild(gender);
student.AppendChild(age);
}
doc.Save("Student.xml");
Console.WriteLine("保存成功！");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
//XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Person>
<Student studentID="1">
<Name>张三</Name>
<Gender>男</Gender>
<Age>12</Age>
</Student>
<Student studentID="2">
<Name>李四</Name>
<Gender>男</Gender>
<Age>30</Age>
</Student>
<Student studentID="3">
<Name>王五</Name>
<Gender>男</Gender>
<Age>5</Age>
</Student>
<Student studentID="4">
<Name>张丽</Name>
<Gender>女</Gender>
<Age>18</Age>
</Student>
</Person>
对XML增加
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
using System.IO;
namespace _04AddXML
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
//1.首先判断xml文档是否存在，若存在，则追加，否则创建一个
if(File.Exists("Student.xml"))
{
//2.加载进来
doc.Load("Student.xml");
//3.获得根节点
XmlElement person = doc.DocumentElement;
//4.追加
XmlElement student = doc.CreateElement("Student");
student.SetAttribute("studentID", "10");
person.AppendChild(student);
XmlElement name = doc.CreateElement("Name");
name.InnerXml = "赵十";
student.AppendChild(name);
XmlElement gender = doc.CreateElement("Gender");
gender.InnerXml = "女";
student.AppendChild(gender);
XmlElement age = doc.CreateElement("Age");
age.InnerXml = "18";
student.AppendChild(age);
}
else
{
//2.不存在，则创建描述文件、根节点
XmlDeclaration dec = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
doc.AppendChild(dec);
XmlElement person = doc.CreateElement("Person");
doc.AppendChild(person);
//3.追加
XmlElement student = doc.CreateElement("Student");
student.SetAttribute("studentID", "11");
person.AppendChild(student);
XmlElement name = doc.CreateElement("Name");
name.InnerXml = "赵十一";
student.AppendChild(name);
XmlElement gender = doc.CreateElement("Gender");
gender.InnerXml = "男";
student.AppendChild(gender);
XmlElement age = doc.CreateElement("Age");
age.InnerXml = "16";
student.AppendChild(age);
}
doc.Save("Student.xml");
Console.WriteLine("保存成功！");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
//XML：
//已存在XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Person>
<Student studentID="1">
<Name>张三</Name>
<Gender>男</Gender>
<Age>12</Age>
</Student>
<Student studentID="2">
<Name>李四</Name>
<Gender>男</Gender>
<Age>30</Age>
</Student>
<Student studentID="3">
<Name>王五</Name>
<Gender>男</Gender>
<Age>5</Age>
</Student>
<Student studentID="4">
<Name>张丽</Name>
<Gender>女</Gender>
<Age>18</Age>
</Student>
<Student studentID="10">
<Name>赵十</Name>
<Gender>女</Gender>
<Age>18</Age>
</Student>
</Person>
//不存在XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Person>
<Student studentID="11">
<Name>赵十一</Name>
<Gender>男</Gender>
<Age>16</Age>
</Student>
</Person>
读取XML
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
namespace _05ReadXML
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
//加载xml
doc.Load("Order.xml");
//获得根节点
XmlElement order = doc.DocumentElement;
//获得根节点下面的所有节点
XmlNodeList xnl = order.ChildNodes;
foreach(XmlNode item in xnl)
{
Console.WriteLine(item.InnerText);
}
XmlElement items = order["Items"];
XmlNodeList xnl2 = items.ChildNodes;
foreach(XmlNode item in xnl2)
{
Console.WriteLine(item.Attributes["Name"].Value);
Console.WriteLine(item.Attributes["Count"].Value);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
//XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Order>
<CustomerName>刘XX</CustomerName>
<OrderNumber>100</OrderNumber>
<Items>
<OrderItem1 Name="锅巴" Count="10" Price="12" />
<OrderItem2 Name="杯子" Count="6" Price="8" />
</Items>
</Order>
//输出:
刘XX
100
锅巴
10
杯子
6
修改XML
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
namespace _06AlterXML
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
//加载xml
doc.Load("Order.xml");
//获得根节点
XmlElement order = doc.DocumentElement;
//获得根节点下面的所有节点
XmlNodeList xnl = order.ChildNodes;
foreach (XmlNode item in xnl)
{
Console.WriteLine(item.InnerText);
}
XmlElement items = order["Items"];
XmlNodeList xnl2 = items.ChildNodes;
foreach (XmlNode item in xnl2)
{
Console.WriteLine(item.Attributes["Name"].Value);
Console.WriteLine(item.Attributes["Count"].Value);
//修改
if(item.Attributes["Name"].Value == "锅巴")
{
item.Attributes["Count"].Value = "+10";
}
}
doc.Save("Order.xml");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
//XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Order>
<CustomerName>刘XX</CustomerName>
<OrderNumber>100</OrderNumber>
<Items>
<OrderItem1 Name="锅巴" Count="+10" Price="12" />
<OrderItem2 Name="杯子" Count="6" Price="8" />
</Items>
</Order>
使用XPath的方式读XML
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
namespace _07ReadXMLWithXPath
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.Load("Order.xml");
//获得根节点
XmlElement order = doc.DocumentElement;
XmlNode xn = order.SelectSingleNode("/Order/Items/OrderItem1[@Name='锅巴']");
Console.WriteLine(xn.Attributes["Name"].Value);
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
//XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Order>
<CustomerName>刘XX</CustomerName>
<OrderNumber>100</OrderNumber>
<Items>
<OrderItem1 Name="锅巴" Count="+10" Price="12" />
<OrderItem2 Name="杯子" Count="6" Price="8" />
</Items>
</Order>
//输出：锅巴
使用XPath的方式修改XML
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
namespace _08AlterXMLWithXPath
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.Load("Order.xml");
//获得根节点
XmlElement order = doc.DocumentElement;
XmlNode xn = order.SelectSingleNode("/Order/Items/OrderItem1[@Name='锅巴']");
//Console.WriteLine(xn.Attributes["Name"].Value);
//修改
xn.Attributes["Count"].Value = "又+10";
doc.Save("Order.xml");
Console.WriteLine("保存成功！");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
//XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Order>
<CustomerName>刘XX</CustomerName>
<OrderNumber>100</OrderNumber>
<Items>
<OrderItem1 Name="锅巴" Count="又+10" Price="12" />
<OrderItem2 Name="杯子" Count="6" Price="8" />
</Items>
</Order>
使用XPath的方式删除XML
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
namespace _09DeleteXMLWithXPath
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.Load("Order.xml");
// doc.RemoveAll();//不行，根节点不允许删除
XmlElement order = doc.DocumentElement;
//order.RemoveAll();//移除根节点下的所有子节点
XmlNode xn = order.SelectSingleNode("/Order/Items/OrderItem[@Name='锅巴']");
//orderItem删除属性
XmlNode orderItem = order.SelectSingleNode("/Order/Items/OrderItem");
//获得items节点
XmlNode items = order["Items"];//或者order.SelectSingleNode("/Order/Items");
items.RemoveChild(xn);//移除当前节点(锅巴)
//删除杯子的Count属性
XmlNode xn1 = order.SelectSingleNode("/Order/Items/OrderItem[@Name='杯子']");
xn1.Attributes.RemoveNamedItem("Count");
doc.Save("Order.xml");
Console.WriteLine("删除成功！");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
//XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Order>
<CustomerName>刘XX</CustomerName>
<OrderNumber>100</OrderNumber>
<Items>
<OrderItem Name="杯子" Price="8" />
</Items>
</Order>