iOS应用开发权限请求处理

1、写在前面

• APP开发避免不开系统权限的问题，如何在APP以更加友好的方式向用户展示系统权限，似乎也是开发过程中值得深思的一件事；
• 那如何提高APP获取iOS系统权限的通过率呢？有以下几种方式:
  • 1.在用户打开APP时就向用户请求权限；
  • 2.告知用户授权权限后能够获得好处之后，再向用户请求权限；
  • 3.在绝对必要的情况下才向用户请求权限，例如：用户访问照片库时请求访问系统相册权限；
  • 4.在展示系统权限的对话框前，先向用户显示自定义的对话框，若用户选择不允许，默认无操作，若用户选择允许，再展示系统对话框。
• 上述情况在开发过程中是经常遇到的，不同方式的选择会影响最后用户交互体验。

2、权限分类

• 2.1 联网权限

  • 引入头文件 @import CoreTelephony;
  • 应用启动后，检测应用中是否有联网权限

  CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
  cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier =  ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state){
    //获取联网状态
    switch (state) {
        case kCTCellularDataRestricted:
            NSLog(@"Restricrted");
            break;
        case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:
            NSLog(@"Not Restricted");
            break;
        case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:
            NSLog(@"Unknown");
            break;
        default:
            break;
    };
  };
  

  • 查询应用是否有联网功能

  CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
  CTCellularDataRestrictedState state = cellularData.restrictedState;
   switch (state) {
    case kCTCellularDataRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricrted");
        break;
    case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Not Restricted");
        break;
    case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:
        NSLog(@"Unknown");
        break;
    default:
        break;
  }
  

• 2.2 相册权限

  • --iOS 9.0之前
  • 导入头文件 #import <AssetsLibrary/AssetsLibrary.h>
  • 检查是否有相册权限

   ALAuthorizationStatus status = [ALAssetsLibrary authorizationStatus];
  switch (status) {
    case ALAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
        break;
    case ALAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        NSLog(@"Denied");
        break;
    case ALAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        NSLog(@"not Determined");
        break;
    case ALAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricted");
        break;
        
    default:
        break;
  }
  

• 相册权限--iOS 8.0之后

  • 导入头文件 #import <Photos/Photos.h>
  • 检查是否有相册权限

  PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthorStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
  switch (photoAuthorStatus) {
    case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
        break;
    case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        NSLog(@"Denied");
        break;
    case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        NSLog(@"not Determined");
        break;
    case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricted");
        break;
    default:
        break;
  }
  
  [PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
  if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
      NSLog(@"Authorized");
  }
  else {
      NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
  }
  }];
  

• 2.3 相机和麦克风权限

  • 导入头文件#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
  • 检查是否有相机或麦克风权限

  AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];//相机权限
  AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];//麦克风权限
  
  switch (AVstatus) {
    case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
        break;
    case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        NSLog(@"Denied");
        break;
    case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        NSLog(@"not Determined");
        break;
    case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricted");
        break;
    default:
        break;
  }
  

  • 获取相机或麦克风权限

  [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//相机权限
    if (granted) {
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
    }
    else {
        NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
    }
  }];
  
  [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//麦克风权限
    if (granted) {
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
    }
    else {
        NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
    }
  }];
  

• 2.4 定位权限

  • 导入头文件#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
  • 由于iOS8.0之后定位方法的改变，需要在info.plist中进行配置；
  • 检查是否有定位权限

  BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];
  if (!isLocation) {
    NSLog(@"not turn on the location");
  }
  CLAuthorizationStatus CLstatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
  switch (CLstatus) {
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
        NSLog(@"Always Authorized");
        break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
        NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse");
        break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        NSLog(@"Denied");
        break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        NSLog(@"not Determined");
        break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricted");
        break;
    default:
        break;
  }
  

  • 获取定位权限

  CLLocationManager *manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
  [manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//一直获取定位信息
  [manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//使用的时候获取定位信息
  

  • 在代理方法中查看权限是否改变

  - (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status{
   switch (status) {
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
        NSLog(@"Always Authorized");
        break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
        NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse");
        break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        NSLog(@"Denied");
        break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        NSLog(@"not Determined");
        break;
    case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricted");
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
  }
  

• 2.5 推送权限

  • 检查是否有通讯权限

  UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings];
  switch (settings.types) {
    case UIUserNotificationTypeNone:
        NSLog(@"None");
        break;
    case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert:
        NSLog(@"Alert Notification");
        break;
    case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge:
        NSLog(@"Badge Notification");
        break;
    case UIUserNotificationTypeSound:
        NSLog(@"sound Notification'");
        break;
        
    default:
        break;
  }
  

  • 获取推送权限

  UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil];
  [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];
  

• 2.6 通讯录权限

  • iOS9.0之前
  • 导入头文件#import <AddressBook/AddressBook.h>
  • 检查是否有通讯录权限

  ABAuthorizationStatus ABstatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();
  switch (ABstatus) {
    case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
        break;
    case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        NSLog(@"Denied'");
        break;
    case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        NSLog(@"not Determined");
        break;
    case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricted");
        break;
    default:
        break;
  }
  

  • 获取通讯录权限

  ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
  ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {
    if (granted) {
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
        CFRelease(addressBook);
    }
    else {
        NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
    }
  });
  

  • iOS9.0及以后
  • 导入头文件#import <Contacts/Contacts.h>
  • 检查是否有通讯录权限

  CNAuthorizationStatus status = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts];
    switch (status) {
          case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: {
              NSLog(@"Authorized:");
          }
              break;
          case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:{
              NSLog(@"Denied");
          }
              break;
          case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:{
              NSLog(@"Restricted");
          }
              break;
          case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:{
               NSLog(@"NotDetermined");
          }
              break;
         }
  

  • 获取通讯录权限

  CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init];
      [contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
          if (granted) {
              
             NSLog(@"Authorized");
              
          }
          else {
              
             NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
          }
      }];
  

• 2.7 日历、备忘录权限

  • 导入头文件
  • 检查是否有日历或者备忘录权限

  typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) {
    EKEntityTypeEvent,//日历
    EKEntityTypeReminder //备忘
  };
  
  EKAuthorizationStatus EKstatus = [EKEventStore  authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent];
  switch (EKstatus) {
    case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
        break;
    case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        NSLog(@"Denied'");
        break;
    case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        NSLog(@"not Determined");
        break;
    case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
        NSLog(@"Restricted");
        break;
    default:
        break;
  }
  

  • 获取日历或备忘录权限

  EKEventStore *store = [[EKEventStore alloc]init];
  [store requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
    if (granted) {
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
    }
  }];
  

3、最后一点

• 所有获取权限的方法，多用于用户第一次操作应用，iOS 8.0之后，将这些设置都整合在一起，并且可以开启或关闭相应的权限。所有的权限都可以通过下面的方法打开：

[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString]];