• CMake语法—普通变量与子目录(Normal Variable And Subdirectory)


    CMake语法—普通变量与子目录(Normal Variable And Subdirectory)

    1 CMake普通变量与子目录示例

    1.1 代码目录结构

    • learn_cmake:为根目录(即父目录)
    • build:为CMake配置输出目录(在此例中即生成sln解决方案的地方)
    • cmake_config.bat:执行CMake配置过程的脚本(双击直接运行即可)
    • CMakeLists.txt:父目录CMake脚本
    • src:子目录,包含此子目录的CMakeLists.txt
    • src_parent_scope: 子目录, 包含此子目录的CMakeLists.txt

    1.2 父目录CMakeLists.txt

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
    
    # 设置工程名称
    set(PROJECT_NAME KAIZEN)
    
    # 设置工程版本号
    set(PROJECT_VERSION "1.0.0.10" CACHE STRING "默认版本号")
    
    # 工程定义
    project(${PROJECT_NAME}
        LANGUAGES CXX C
        VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION}
    )
    
    # 打印开始日志
    message(STATUS "\n########## BEGIN_TEST")
    
    # 零个值
    set(MY_LOCAL_ZERO_VAR)
    message(STATUS "MY_LOCAL_ZERO_VAR: ${MY_LOCAL_ZERO_VAR}")
    
    # 1个值
    set(MY_LOCAL_VAR "I am a local variable")
    message(STATUS "MY_LOCAL_VAR_1: ${MY_LOCAL_VAR}")
    
    # 在相同作用域修改普通变量
    set(MY_LOCAL_VAR "I am a local variable by modify same scope")
    message(STATUS "MY_LOCAL_VAR_2: ${MY_LOCAL_VAR}")
    
    # 多个值
    set(MY_LOCAL_LIST_VAR "kaizen" "baidu" "C++" "developer")
    message(STATUS "MY_LOCAL_LIST_VAR: ${MY_LOCAL_LIST_VAR}")
    
    # 调用子目录src
    message(STATUS "\n########## Begin add_subdirectory src")
    add_subdirectory(src)
    message(STATUS "########## End add_subdirectory src")
    # 调用子目录src后打印
    message(STATUS "MY_LOCAL_VAR_7: ${MY_LOCAL_VAR}")
    # 调用子目录src后打印
    message(STATUS "MY_SUB_DIR_VAR_3: ${MY_SUB_DIR_VAR}")
    
    # 调用子目录src_parent_scope
    message(STATUS "\n########## Begin add_subdirectory src_parent_scope")
    add_subdirectory(src_parent_scope)
    message(STATUS "########## End add_subdirectory src_parent_scope")
    # 调用子目录src_parent_scope后打印
    message(STATUS "MY_LOCAL_VAR_8: ${MY_LOCAL_VAR}")
    # 调用子目录src_parent_scope后打印
    message(STATUS "MY_SUB_DIR_VAR_4: ${MY_SUB_DIR_VAR}")
    
    # 打印结束日志
    message(STATUS "\n########## END_TEST\n")
    
    

    1.3 src子目录CMakeLists.txt

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
    
    # 打印进入日志
    message(STATUS "########## Enter src subdirectory")
    
    # 修改父作用域普通变量值
    # 修改前打印
    message(STATUS "MY_LOCAL_VAR_3: ${MY_LOCAL_VAR}")
    # 修改动作
    set(MY_LOCAL_VAR "I am a local variable by modify in src subdirectory")
    # 修改后打印
    message(STATUS "MY_LOCAL_VAR_4: ${MY_LOCAL_VAR}")
    
    # 子目录作用域内定义普通变量,不加选项PARENT_SCOPE
    set(MY_SUB_DIR_VAR "I am a src subdirectory inner variable")
    # 子目录作用域打印定义变量值
    message(STATUS "MY_SUB_DIR_VAR_1: ${MY_SUB_DIR_VAR}")
    
    # 打印离开日志
    message(STATUS "########## Leave src subdirectory")
    

    1.4 src_parent_scope子目录CMakeLists.txt

    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
    
    # 打印进入日志
    message(STATUS "##########Enter src_parent_scope subdirectory")
    
    # 修改父作用域普通变量值
    # 修改前打印
    message(STATUS "MY_LOCAL_VAR_5: ${MY_LOCAL_VAR}")
    # 修改动作
    set(MY_LOCAL_VAR "I am a local variable by modify in src_parent_scope subdirectory" PARENT_SCOPE)
    # 修改后打印
    message(STATUS "MY_LOCAL_VAR_6: ${MY_LOCAL_VAR}")
    
    # 子目录作用域内定义普通变量,加选项PARENT_SCOPE
    set(MY_SUB_DIR_VAR "I am a src_parent_scope subdirectory inner variable" PARENT_SCOPE)
    # 子目录作用域打印定义变量值
    message(STATUS "MY_SUB_DIR_VAR_2: ${MY_SUB_DIR_VAR}")
    
    # 打印离开日志
    message(STATUS "##########Leave src_parent_scope subdirectory")
    

    1.5 执行CMake配置脚本

    @echo off
    set currentDir=%~dp0
    set buildDir=%currentDir%
    set cmakeOutputDir=%currentDir%\build
    cmake -S %buildDir% -B %cmakeOutputDir% -G"Visual Studio 16 2019" -T v140 -A x64
    pause
    

    2 运行结果

    2.1 环境说明

    本地安装VS版本:Visual Studio 2019(2015工具集)

    CMake版本:3.18.2

    F:\learn_cmake
    λ cmake --version
    cmake version 3.18.2
    
    CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).
    

    2.2 运行结果

    -- Selecting Windows SDK version 10.0.18362.0 to target Windows 10.0.17763.
    -- The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
    -- The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
    -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
    -- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC/bin/amd64/cl.exe - skipped
    -- Detecting CXX compile features
    -- Detecting CXX compile features - done
    -- Detecting C compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
    -- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC/bin/amd64/cl.exe - skipped
    -- Detecting C compile features
    -- Detecting C compile features - done
    --
    ########## BEGIN_TEST
    -- MY_LOCAL_ZERO_VAR:
    -- MY_LOCAL_VAR_1: I am a local variable
    -- MY_LOCAL_VAR_2: I am a local variable by modify same scope
    -- MY_LOCAL_LIST_VAR: kaizen;baidu;C++;developer
    --
    ########## Begin add_subdirectory src
    -- ########## Enter src subdirectory
    -- MY_LOCAL_VAR_3: I am a local variable by modify same scope
    -- MY_LOCAL_VAR_4: I am a local variable by modify in src subdirectory
    -- MY_SUB_DIR_VAR_1: I am a src subdirectory inner variable
    -- ########## Leave src subdirectory
    -- ########## End add_subdirectory src
    -- MY_LOCAL_VAR_7: I am a local variable by modify same scope
    -- MY_SUB_DIR_VAR_3:
    --
    ########## Begin add_subdirectory src_parent_scope
    -- ##########Enter src_parent_scope subdirectory
    -- MY_LOCAL_VAR_5: I am a local variable by modify same scope
    -- MY_LOCAL_VAR_6: I am a local variable by modify same scope
    -- MY_SUB_DIR_VAR_2:
    -- ##########Leave src_parent_scope subdirectory
    -- ########## End add_subdirectory src_parent_scope
    -- MY_LOCAL_VAR_8: I am a local variable by modify in src_parent_scope subdirectory
    -- MY_SUB_DIR_VAR_4: I am a src_parent_scope subdirectory inner variable
    --
    ########## END_TEST
    
    -- Configuring done
    -- Generating done
    -- Build files have been written to: F:/learn_cmake/build
    请按任意键继续. . .
    

    2.3 结论

    2.3.1 定义普通变量方式
    set(<variable> <value>... [PARENT_SCOPE])
    
    2.3.2 variable:表示普通变量名称;
    2.3.3 value:表示变量的值列表,value后面有三个点,表示变量的值可以为0或1或n个值

    示例程序中第19行:定义普通变量,赋值为0个值,可理解为占位符。值为空,打印结果也为空,参见运行结果输出第16行。

    示例程序中第23行:定义普通变量,赋值为1个值,即字符串中内容。参见运行结果输出第17、18行打印内容。

    示例程序中第31行:定义普通变量,赋值为4个值,当多个值时,将来会用分号拼接起来为一个字符串。参见运行结果输出第19行打印内容。

    2.3.4 PARENT_SCOPE:表示父作用域,若加此选项,特别明确定义或修改父作用域变量的值
    2.3.5 普通变量,在子目录subdirectory作用域中,会拷贝一份父作用域的所有普通变量(即在被add子目录内可访问父作用域内的普通变量)

    从示例程序出发,再结合输出结果分析可知:普通变量在函数作用域与子目录作用域中,实际运行效果完全相同。

    因此避免赘述,请参见随笔 CMake语法—普通变量与函数(Normal Variable And Function)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Braveliu/p/15604270.html
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