基于Selenium的Web自动化框架增强篇

在写完上一篇“基于Selenium的Web自动化框架”（http://www.cnblogs.com/AlwinXu/p/5836709.html）之后一直没有时间重新审视该框架，正好趁着给同事分享的机会，重新分析了一下框架，发现了很多不足之处，所以才有了这篇增强版。

到底在框架的哪一部分做了增强呢？这次主要从设计模式的角度来简单介绍一下。

首先我们来看一下之前是如何书写页面模式中的类的：

BasePage:

class BasePage(object):
    """description of class"""

    #webdriver instance
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

GoogleMainPage:

from BasePage import BasePage

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

class GoogleMainPage(BasePage):
    """description of class"""
    searchbox = (By.ID,'lst-ib')

    def inputSearchContent(self,searchContent):
        searchBox = self.driver.find_element(*self.searchbox)
        searchBox.send_keys(searchContent+Keys.RETURN)

重新审视之前的实现，我们可以发现在各个子类页面中，均需要引用相当的selenium类库（比如webdriver），并且需要用webdriver来定位页面元素，这就会造成各个子类页面与selenium类库有较多的集成，并且也是书写上的浪费。

现在来看一下做了结构调整的部分呈现：

BasePage：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.common.exceptions import StaleElementReferenceException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

class BasePage(object):
    """description of class"""

    #webdriver instance
    def __init__(self, browser='chrome'):
        '''
        initialize selenium webdriver, use chrome as default webdriver
        '''

        if browser == "firefox" or browser == "ff":
            driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        elif browser == "chrome":
            driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        elif browser == "internet explorer" or browser == "ie":
            driver = webdriver.Ie()
        elif browser == "opera":
            driver = webdriver.Opera()
        elif browser == "phantomjs":
            driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()
        try:
            self.driver = driver
        except Exception:
            raise NameError("Not found %s browser,You can enter 'ie', 'ff' or 'chrome'." % browser)

    def findElement(self,element):
        '''
        Find element

        element is a set with format (identifier type, value), e.g. ('id','username')

        Usage:
        self.findElement(element)
        '''
        try:
            type = element[0]
            value = element[1]
            if type == "id" or type == "ID" or type=="Id":
                elem = self.driver.find_element_by_id(value)

            elif type == "name" or type == "NAME" or type=="Name":
                elem = self.driver.find_element_by_name(value)

            elif type == "class" or type == "CLASS" or type=="Class":
                elem = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(value)

            elif type == "link_text" or type == "LINK_TEXT" or type=="Link_text":
                elem = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(value)

            elif type == "xpath" or type == "XPATH" or type=="Xpath":
                elem = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(value)

            elif type == "css" or type == "CSS" or type=="Css":
                elem = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(value)
            else:
                raise NameError("Please correct the type in function parameter")
        except Exception:
            raise ValueError("No such element found"+ str(element))
        return elem

    def findElements(self,element):
        '''
        Find elements

        element is a set with format (identifier type, value), e.g. ('id','username')

        Usage:
        self.findElements(element)
        '''
        try:
            type = element[0]
            value = element[1]
            if type == "id" or type == "ID" or type=="Id":
                elem = self.driver.find_elements_by_id(value)

            elif type == "name" or type == "NAME" or type=="Name":
                elem = self.driver.find_elements_by_name(value)

            elif type == "class" or type == "CLASS" or type=="Class":
                elem = self.driver.find_elements_by_class_name(value)

            elif type == "link_text" or type == "LINK_TEXT" or type=="Link_text":
                elem = self.driver.find_elements_by_link_text(value)

            elif type == "xpath" or type == "XPATH" or type=="Xpath":
                elem = self.driver.find_elements_by_xpath(value)

            elif type == "css" or type == "CSS" or type=="Css":
                elem = self.driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(value)
            else:
                raise NameError("Please correct the type in function parameter")
        except Exception:
            raise ValueError("No such element found"+ str(element))
        return elem

    def open(self,url):
        '''
        Open web url

        Usage:
        self.open(url)
        '''
        if url != "":
            self.driver.get(url)
        else:
            raise ValueError("please provide a base url")

    def type(self,element,text):
        '''
        Operation input box.

        Usage:
        self.type(element,text)
        '''
        element.send_keys(text)

    
    def enter(self,element):
        '''
        Keyboard: hit return

        Usage:
        self.enter(element)
        '''
        element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
    

    def click(self,element):
        '''
        Click page element, like button, image, link, etc.
        '''
        element.click()


    def quit(self):
        '''
        Quit webdriver
        '''
        self.driver.quit()


    def getAttribute(self, element, attribute):
        '''
        Get element attribute

        '''
        return element.get_attribute(attribute)

    def getText(self, element):
        '''
        Get text of a web element

        '''
        return element.text

    def getTitle(self):
        '''
        Get window title
        '''
        return self.driver.title

    def getCurrentUrl(self):
        '''
        Get current url
        '''
        return self.driver.current_url

    def getScreenshot(self,targetpath):
        '''
        Get current screenshot and save it to target path
        '''
        self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(targetpath)

    def maximizeWindow(self):
        '''
        Maximize current browser window
        '''
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def back(self):
        '''
        Goes one step backward in the browser history.
        '''
        self.driver.back()

    def forward(self):
        """
        Goes one step forward in the browser history.
        """
        self.driver.forward()

    def getWindowSize(self):
        """
        Gets the width and height of the current window.
        """
        return self.driver.get_window_size()

    def refresh(self):
        '''
        Refresh current page
        '''
        self.driver.refresh()
        self.driver.switch_to()

    
        

GoogleMainPage:

from BasePage import BasePage

class GoogleMainPage(BasePage):
    """description of class"""
    searchbox = ('ID','lst-ib')

    def __init__(self, browser = 'chrome'):
        super().__init__(browser)
        
    def inputSearchContent(self,searchContent):
        searchBox = self.findElement(self.searchbox)
        self.type(searchBox,searchContent)
        self.enter(searchBox)

Test

所做的改变：

• 将与Selenium类库相关的操作做二次封装，放在BasePage中，其他子类页面自动继承相应的操作方法（如findelement，click等等）
• 封装了findelement方法，可以根据页面元素的（类型，值）进行查找，只需要调用一个方法findelement(s),而不需要针对不同的类型调用不同的find方法（fine_element_by_xxxx())
• 子类页面不需要引用selenium的类库，书写更加简单易读
• 测试用例中也不需要引用selenium的任何类库，简单易读

代码已更新到GitHub：https://github.com/AlvinXuCH/WebAutomaiton 欢迎提供改进意见