引言:循环依赖就是N个类中循环嵌套引用,如果在日常开发中我们用new 对象的方式发生这种循环依赖的话程序会在运行时一直循环调用,直至内存溢出报错。下面说一下Spring是如果解决循环依赖的。
第一种:构造器参数循环依赖
表示通过构造器注入构成的循环依赖,此依赖是无法解决的,只能抛出BeanCurrentlyIn CreationException异常表示循环依赖。
如在创建TestA类时,构造器需要TestB类,那将去创建TestB,在创建TestB类时又发现需要TestC类,则又去创建TestC,最终在创建TestC时发现又需要TestA,从而形成一个环,没办法创建。
Spring容器会将每一个正在创建的Bean 标识符放在一个“当前创建Bean池”中,Bean标识符在创建过程中将一直保持
在这个池中,因此如果在创建Bean过程中发现自己已经在“当前创建Bean池”里时将抛出
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException异常表示循环依赖;而对于创建完毕的Bean将从“当前创建Bean池”中清除掉。
首先我们先初始化三个Bean。
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public class StudentA { private StudentB studentB ; public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) { this .studentB = studentB; } public StudentA() { } public StudentA(StudentB studentB) { this .studentB = studentB; } } |
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public class StudentB { private StudentC studentC ; public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) { this .studentC = studentC; } public StudentB() { } public StudentB(StudentC studentC) { this .studentC = studentC; } } |
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public class StudentC { private StudentA studentA ; public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) { this .studentA = studentA; } public StudentC() { } public StudentC(StudentA studentA) { this .studentA = studentA; } } |
OK,上面是很基本的3个类,,StudentA有参构造是StudentB。StudentB的有参构造是StudentC,StudentC的有参构造是StudentA ,这样就产生了一个循环依赖的情况,我们都把这三个Bean交给Spring管理,并用有参构造实例化
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< bean id = "a" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentA" > < constructor-arg index = "0" ref = "b" ></ constructor-arg > </ bean > < bean id = "b" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentB" > < constructor-arg index = "0" ref = "c" ></ constructor-arg > </ bean > < bean id = "c" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentC" > < constructor-arg index = "0" ref = "a" ></ constructor-arg > </ bean > |
下面是测试类:
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public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml" ); //System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class)); } } |
执行结果报错信息为:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
如果大家理解开头那句话的话,这个报错应该不惊讶,Spring容器先创建单例StudentA,StudentA依赖StudentB,然后将A放在“当前创建Bean池”中,此时创建StudentB,StudentB依赖StudentC ,然后将B放在“当前创建Bean池”中,此时创建StudentC,StudentC又依赖StudentA, 但是,此时Student已经在池中,所以会报错,,因为在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,所以会依赖错误 ,(初始化完的Bean会从池中移除)
第二种:setter方式单例,默认方式
如果要说setter方式注入的话,我们最好先看一张Spring中Bean实例化的图
如图中前两步骤得知:Spring是先将Bean对象实例化之后再设置对象属性的
修改配置文件为set方式注入
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<!--scope="singleton"(默认就是单例方式) --> < bean id = "a" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope = "singleton" > < property name = "studentB" ref = "b" ></ property > </ bean > < bean id = "b" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope = "singleton" > < property name = "studentC" ref = "c" ></ property > </ bean > < bean id = "c" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope = "singleton" > < property name = "studentA" ref = "a" ></ property > </ bean > |
下面是测试类:
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public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml" ); System.out.println(context.getBean( "a" , StudentA. class )); } } |
打印结果为:
com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6
为什么用set方式就不报错了呢 ?
我们结合上面那张图看,Spring先是用构造实例化Bean对象 ,此时Spring会将这个实例化结束的对象放到一个Map中,并且Spring提供了获取这个未设置属性的实例化对象引用的方法。
结合我们的实例来看,,当Spring实例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,紧接着会去设置对象的属性,此时StudentA依赖StudentB,就会去Map中取出存在里面的单例StudentB对象,以此类推,不会出来循环的问题喽、
下面是Spring源码中的实现方法,。以下的源码在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java类中
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/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(缓存单例实例化对象的Map集合) */ private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>( 64 ); /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(单例的工厂Bean缓存集合) */ private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>( 16 ); /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的单身对象缓存集合) */ private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>( 16 ); /** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(单例的实例化对象名称集合) */ private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>( 64 ); /** * 添加单例实例 * 解决循环引用的问题 * Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton * if necessary. * <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to * resolve circular references. * @param beanName the name of the bean * @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object */ protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) { Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null" ); synchronized ( this .singletonObjects) { if (! this .singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) { this .singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory); this .earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName); this .registeredSingletons.add(beanName); } } } |
第三种:setter方式原型,prototype
对于"prototype"作用域bean,Spring容器无法完成依赖注入,因为Spring容器不进行缓存"prototype"作用域的bean,因此无法提前暴露一个创建中的bean。
修改配置文件为:
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< bean id = "a" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentA" <span style = "color:#FF0000;" >scope="prototype"</ span >> < property name = "studentB" ref = "b" ></ property > </ bean > < bean id = "b" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentB" <span style = "color:#FF0000;" >scope="prototype"</ span >> < property name = "studentC" ref = "c" ></ property > </ bean > < bean id = "c" class = "com.zfx.student.StudentC" <span style = "color:#FF0000;" >scope="prototype"</ span >> < property name = "studentA" ref = "a" ></ property > </ bean > |
scope="prototype" 意思是 每次请求都会创建一个实例对象。两者的区别是:有状态的bean都使用Prototype作用域,无状态的一般都使用singleton单例作用域。
测试用例:
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public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml" ); <strong> //此时必须要获取Spring管理的实例,因为现在scope="prototype" 只有请求获取的时候才会实例化对象</strong> System.out.println(context.getBean( "a" , StudentA. class )); } } |
打印结果:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
为什么原型模式就报错了呢 ?
对于“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器无法完成依赖注入,因为“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容
器不进行缓存,因此无法提前暴露一个创建中的Bean。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/u010644448/article/details/59108799