• 信息安全系统设计基础第十周学习总结


    课本知识点重点见上周博客

    实践代码部分如下

    cp1

    #include        <stdio.h>//标准输入输出
    #include        <stdlib.h>//C标准函数库
    #include        <unistd.h>//Unix类系统定义符号常量
    #include        <fcntl.h>//定义了很多宏和open,fcntl函数原型
    
    #define BUFFERSIZE      4096//定义存储器容量
    #define COPYMODE        0644//定义复制的长度
    
    void oops(char *, char *);
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
    	int in_fd, out_fd, n_chars;//三个描述符值
    	char buf[BUFFERSIZE];//存储器位置
    
    	/*cp的参数有两个,分别是要复制的文件,和目的目录,这样一共应该是有三个操作数
    	所以要先检查argc的值是否为三,如果不是,返回标准错误*/
    	if (argc != 3) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s source destination
    ", *argv);
    		exit(1);
    	}
        /*检查cp的第一个参数,要复制的文件,用open打开,in_fd为open返回的描述符
        如果返回-1,代表打开失败,提示错误*/
    	if ((in_fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
    		oops("Cannot open ", argv[1]);
    
        /*检查cp的第二个参数,复制的目的地址,用create在目的地址创建新文件,out_fd为open返回的描述符
        如果返回-1,代表创建失败,提示错误*/
    	if ((out_fd = creat(argv[2], COPYMODE)) == -1)
    		oops("Cannot creat", argv[2]);
    
        /*cp指令的动作就是读取一个文件的内容到存储器,在新的地址创建空白文件,再从存储器将内容写入新文件。
        这里判断复制是否成功:
        如果能读取顺利,而读取的位数和写的位数不同,是写错误;
        如果读取失败,是读错误。*/
    	while ((n_chars = read(in_fd, buf, BUFFERSIZE)) > 0)
    		if (write(out_fd, buf, n_chars) != n_chars)
    			oops("Write error to ", argv[2]);
    	if (n_chars == -1)
    		oops("Read error from ", argv[1]);
    
        /*这里执行的是关闭文件的动作,in_fd和out_fd两个文件描述符
        所指向的文件只要有一个关闭错误,就提示关闭错误。*/
    	if (close(in_fd) == -1 || close(out_fd) == -1)
    		oops("Error closing files", "");
    }
    
    /*这个是用来输出错误信息的函数*/
    void oops(char *s1, char *s2)
    {
    	fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s ", s1);
    	perror(s2);//用来将上一个函数发生错误的原因输出到标准设备(stderr)
    	exit(1);
    }


    运行示例:复制main.c,命名为1.c

    ls1

    #include	<stdio.h>
    #include	<sys/types.h>
    #include	<dirent.h>
    
    void do_ls(char []);
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        /*如果操作数只有1个,表明ls后面没有带参数,默认为当前目录,.表示当前目录。*/
    	if ( argc == 1 )
    		do_ls( "." );
        /*如果ls后面有参数,就把参数读入argv中。*/
    	else
    		while ( --argc ){
    			printf("%s:
    ", *++argv );
    			do_ls( *argv );
    		}
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /*因为ls和dir功能相近,用dir来实现ls*/
    void do_ls( char dirname[] )
    {
    	DIR		*dir_ptr;
    	struct dirent	*direntp;
    
        /*如果没有指向的那个地址,报错*/
    	if ( ( dir_ptr = opendir( dirname ) ) == NULL )
    		fprintf(stderr,"ls1: cannot open %s
    ", dirname);
    	else
    	{
    	    /*递归的方式来读取*/
    		while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
    			printf("%s
    ", direntp->d_name );
    		closedir(dir_ptr);
    	}
    }

     运行示例:

    ls2

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <dirent.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    void do_ls(char[]);
    void dostat(char *);
    void show_file_info( char *, struct stat *);
    void mode_to_letters( int , char [] );
    char *uid_to_name( uid_t );
    char *gid_to_name( gid_t );
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
    if ( argc == 1 )
    do_ls( "." );
    else
    while ( --argc ){
    printf("%s: ", *++argv );
    do_ls( *argv );
    }
    	return 0;
    }
    void do_ls( char dirname[] )
    {
    DIR *dir_ptr;
    struct dirent *direntp;
    	if ( ( dir_ptr = opendir( dirname ) ) == NULL )
    fprintf(stderr,"ls1: cannot open %s ", dirname);
    else
    {
    while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
    dostat( direntp->d_name );
    closedir(dir_ptr);
    }
    }
    void dostat( char *filename )
    {
    struct stat info;
    	if ( stat(filename, &info) == -1 )		
    perror( filename );
    else
    show_file_info( filename, &info );
    }
    void show_file_info( char *filename, struct stat *info_p )
    {
    char *uid_to_name(), *ctime(), *gid_to_name(), *filemode();
    void mode_to_letters();
    char modestr[11];
    	mode_to_letters( info_p->st_mode, modestr );
    	printf( "%s"    , modestr );
    printf( "%4d " , (int) info_p->st_nlink);
    printf( "%-8s " , uid_to_name(info_p->st_uid) );
    printf( "%-8s " , gid_to_name(info_p->st_gid) );
    printf( "%8ld " , (long)info_p->st_size);
    printf( "%.12s ", 4+ctime(&info_p->st_mtime));
    printf( "%s " , filename );
    }
    void mode_to_letters( int mode, char str[] )
    {
    strcpy( str, "----------" );
        if ( S_ISDIR(mode) )  str[0] = 'd';    
    if ( S_ISCHR(mode) ) str[0] = 'c';
    if ( S_ISBLK(mode) ) str[0] = 'b';
        if ( mode & S_IRUSR ) str[1] = 'r';    
    if ( mode & S_IWUSR ) str[2] = 'w';
    if ( mode & S_IXUSR ) str[3] = 'x';
        if ( mode & S_IRGRP ) str[4] = 'r';    
    if ( mode & S_IWGRP ) str[5] = 'w';
    if ( mode & S_IXGRP ) str[6] = 'x';
        if ( mode & S_IROTH ) str[7] = 'r';    
    if ( mode & S_IWOTH ) str[8] = 'w';
    if ( mode & S_IXOTH ) str[9] = 'x';
    }
    #include	<pwd.h>
    char *uid_to_name( uid_t uid )
    {
    struct passwd *getpwuid(), *pw_ptr;
    static char numstr[10];
    	if ( ( pw_ptr = getpwuid( uid ) ) == NULL ){
    sprintf(numstr,"%d", uid);
    return numstr;
    }
    else
    return pw_ptr->pw_name ;
    }
    #include	<grp.h>
    char *gid_to_name( gid_t gid )
    {
    struct group *getgrgid(), *grp_ptr;
    static char numstr[10];
    	if ( ( grp_ptr = getgrgid(gid) ) == NULL ){
    sprintf(numstr,"%d", gid);
    return numstr;
    }
    else
    return grp_ptr->gr_name;
    }

     ls2比ls1功能更全,能够显示文件的详细信息(用户名,群组名,大小,创建时间,读写权限等)

    运行示例:

     

    who

    #include	<stdio.h>
    #include	<stdlib.h>
    #include	<utmp.h>
    #include	<fcntl.h>
    #include	<unistd.h>
    
    #define	SHOWHOST	
    
    int show_info( struct utmp *utbufp )
    {
    	printf("%-8.8s", utbufp->ut_name);	
    	printf(" ");				
    	printf("%-8.8s", utbufp->ut_line);	
    	printf(" ");				
    	printf("%10ld", utbufp->ut_time);	
    	printf(" ");				
    #ifdef	SHOWHOST
    	printf("(%s)", utbufp->ut_host);	
    #endif
    	printf("
    ");				
    
    	return 0;
    }
    int main()
    {
    	struct utmp	 current_record;	
    	int		utmpfd;		
    	int		reclen = sizeof(current_record);
    
    /*打开UTMP_FILE读取信息,如果打开失败则输出失败信息。*/
    	if ( (utmpfd = open(UTMP_FILE, O_RDONLY)) == -1 ){
    		perror( UTMP_FILE );	
    		exit(1);
    	}
    	/*读取信息到存储器中,reclen就是是读的字节数,然后再调用函数打印出来。*/
    	while ( read(utmpfd, &current_record, reclen) == reclen )
    		show_info(&current_record);
    	close(utmpfd);
    	return 0;			
    }

     该代码功能为从UTMP_FILE文件中读取想要的信息到存储器中,然后再用标准输出函数打印到屏幕上,最后关闭文件

    运行示例:

    echostate

    #include        <stdio.h>
    #include        <stdlib.h>
    #include        <termios.h>
    
    int main()
    {
            struct termios info;
            int rv;
    
            rv = tcgetattr( 0, &info );     /* read values from driver      */
    
            if ( rv == -1 ){
                    perror( "tcgetattr");
                    exit(1);
            }
            if ( info.c_lflag & ECHO )
                    printf(" echo is on , since its bit is 1
    ");
            else
                    printf(" echo is OFF, since its bit is 0
    ");
    
    		return 0;
    }

    该代码用于检查命令行中的提示符是否显示,如果显示,输入的命令都可见,不显示则表示输入的命令不可见 

    运行示例:

    setecho

    #include        <stdio.h>
    #include 		<stdlib.h>
    #include        <termios.h>
    
    #define  oops(s,x) { perror(s); exit(x); }
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
            struct termios info;
    
            if ( argc == 1 ) 
    		exit(0);
    
            if ( tcgetattr(0,&info) == -1 )
    			oops("tcgettattr", 1);
    
            if ( argv[1][0] == 'y' )
                    info.c_lflag |= ECHO ;/*打开提示符*/
            else
                    info.c_lflag &= ~ECHO ;/*隐藏提示符*/
    
            if ( tcsetattr(0,TCSANOW,&info) == -1 )
                   oops("tcsetattr",2);
    	
    		return 0;
    }

     该代码用于改变echo的状态

    运行示例:(其中第八行输入的ls命令隐藏不可见)

    fileinfo

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    
    void show_stat_info(char *, struct stat *);
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        struct stat info;        
    
        if (argc>1)
    	{
    	
            if( stat(argv[1], &info) != -1 ){
                show_stat_info( argv[1], &info );
                return 0;
            }
            else
                perror(argv[1]);  
    	}
        return 1;
    }
    void show_stat_info(char *fname, struct stat *buf)
    {
        printf("   mode: %o
    ", buf->st_mode);         
        printf("  links: %d
    ", buf->st_nlink);        
        printf("   user: %d
    ", buf->st_uid);          
        printf("  group: %d
    ", buf->st_gid);          
        printf("   size: %d
    ", (int)buf->st_size);         
        printf("modtime: %d
    ", (int)buf->st_mtime);        
        printf("   name: %s
    ", fname );               
    }

    该代码用于实现显示文件信息,建立了一个stat数据结构。先判断命令是否有操作数,有的话才能继续进行下去,如果没有报错就打印出来相关文件信息,报错就用perror将报错信息打印出来

    运行示例:

    filesize

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    
    int main()
    {
    	struct stat infobuf;           
    
    	if ( stat( "/etc/passwd", &infobuf) == -1 )
    		perror("/etc/passwd");
    	else
    		printf(" The size of /etc/passwd is %d
    ", infobuf.st_size );
    }

     该代码用于计算文件字节数大小

    运行示例:

    spwd

    #include	<stdio.h>
    #include    <stdlib.h>
    #include    <string.h>
    #include	<sys/types.h>
    #include	<sys/stat.h>
    #include	<dirent.h>
    
    ino_t	get_inode(char *);
    void    printpathto(ino_t);
    void    inum_to_name(ino_t , char *, int );
    
    int main()
    {
    	printpathto( get_inode( "." ) );	
    	putchar('
    ');				
    	return 0;
    }
    
    void printpathto( ino_t this_inode )
    {
    	ino_t	my_inode ;
    	char	its_name[BUFSIZ];
    
    	if ( get_inode("..") != this_inode )
    	{
    		chdir( ".." );				
    
    		inum_to_name(this_inode,its_name,BUFSIZ);
    
    		my_inode = get_inode( "." );		
    		printpathto( my_inode );		
    		printf("/%s", its_name );		
    							
    	}
    }
    
    void inum_to_name(ino_t inode_to_find , char *namebuf, int buflen)
    {
    	DIR		*dir_ptr;		
    	struct dirent	*direntp;		
    
    	dir_ptr = opendir( "." );
    	if ( dir_ptr == NULL ){
    		perror( "." );
    		exit(1);
    	}
    
    
    	while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
    		if ( direntp->d_ino == inode_to_find )
    		{
    			strncpy( namebuf, direntp->d_name, buflen);
    			namebuf[buflen-1] = '';   
    			closedir( dir_ptr );
    			return;
    		}
    	fprintf(stderr, "error looking for inum %d
    ", (int) inode_to_find);
    	exit(1);
    }
    
    ino_t get_inode( char *fname )
    {
    	struct stat info;
    
    	if ( stat( fname , &info ) == -1 ){
    		fprintf(stderr, "Cannot stat ");
    		perror(fname);
    		exit(1);
    	}
    	return info.st_ino;
    }

    运行示例:

    testioctl

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <sys/ioctl.h>
    
    int main()
    {
    	struct winsize size;
    	if( isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) == 0)
    		exit(1);
    	if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &size) < 0) {
    		perror("ioctl TIOCGWINSZ error");
    		exit(1);
    	}
    
    	printf("%d rows %d columns
    ", size.ws_row, size.ws_col);
    	return 0;
    }

     运行示例:

    参考资料:1.上周博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/20135310cqr/p/4947215.html

         2.课程QQ群中压缩文件fs.tar.gz

           3.20135202上周博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/20135202yjx/p/4947272.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/20135310cqr/p/4966435.html
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