LCA
Tarjan代码：
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define RG register
inline int read()
{
int sum = 0;
char c = getchar();
while(c<'0' || c>'9')
c = getchar();
while(c>='0' && c<='9')
sum = sum*10+c-'0', c = getchar();
return sum;
}
const int N = 500010;
struct node
{
int to, next;
}g[N*2];
struct nod
{
int to, next, num;
}a[N*2];
int fa[N], last[N], gl, bj[N], n, m, s, ans[N], al, la[N];
int find(int x)
{
if(fa[x] == x)
return x;
return fa[x] = find(fa[x]);
}
void add(int x, int y)
{
g[++gl].to = y;
g[gl].next = last[x];
last[x] = gl;
}
void add2(int x, int y, int i)
{
a[++al].to = y;
a[al].next = la[x];
a[al].num = i;
la[x] = al;
}
void tarjan(int x, int lat)
{
fa[x] = x;
bj[x] = 1;
for(int i = last[x]; i; i = g[i].next)
{
int to = g[i].to;
if(to == lat) continue;
tarjan(to, x);
fa[to] = x;
}
for(int i = la[x]; i; i=a[i].next)
if(bj[a[i].to])
ans[a[i].num] = find(a[i].to);
return ;
}
void write(int x)
{
if(x)
{
write(x/10);
putchar((x%10+'0'));
}
return ;
}
int main()
{
n = read(), m = read(), s = read();
for(RG int i = 1; i < n; i++)
{
int x=read(),y=read();
add(x,y);add(y,x);
}
for(RG int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
{
int x=read(),y=read();
add2(x, y, i), add2(y, x, i);
}
tarjan(s, 0);
for(RG int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
write(ans[i]), putchar('
');
return 0;
}
倍增代码：
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define RG register
inline int read()
{
int sum = 0;
char c = getchar();
while(c<'0' || c>'9')
c = getchar();
while(c>='0' && c<='9')
sum = sum*10+c-'0', c = getchar();
return sum;
}
void write(int x)
{
if(x)
{
write(x/10);
putchar((x%10+'0'));
}
return ;
}
const int N = 500010;
struct node
{
int to, next;
}g[N*2];
int last[N], gl;
void add(int x, int y)
{
g[++gl] = (node){y, last[x]};
last[x] = gl;
}
int anc[N][21], fa[N], deep[N];
void work(int x)
{
anc[x][0] = fa[x];
for(int i=1; (1<<i) <= deep[x]; i++)
anc[x][i] = anc[anc[x][i-1]][i-1];
for(int i = last[x]; i; i = g[i].next)
if(fa[x] != g[i].to)
{
fa[g[i].to] = x;
deep[g[i].to] = deep[x]+1;
work(g[i].to);
}
return ;
}
int lca(int x, int y)
{
if(deep[x] < deep[y])
swap(x, y); //x比y深
for(int i = 20; i >= 0; i--)
if(deep[y] <= deep[x]-(1<<i))//注意是<=（想想为什么？）
x = anc[x][i];
if(x == y)
return x;
for(int i = 20; i >= 0; i--)
{
if(anc[x][i]!=anc[y][i])
{
x=anc[x][i];
y=anc[y][i];
}
}
return anc[x][0];//最后一次肯定跳一个点
}
int main()
{
int n = read(), m = read(), s = read();
for(RG int i = 1; i < n; i++)
{
int x=read(),y=read();
add(x,y);add(y,x);
}
work(s);
for(RG int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
{
int x=read(), y=read();
write(lca(x,y));
putchar('
');
}
return 0;
}
【模板】单源最短路径Dijkstra+堆优化
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 100010;
const int M = 200010;
struct Edge
{
int to, next, w;
}g[M];
int last[N], gl;
void add(int x, int y, int z)
{
g[++gl] = (Edge){y, last[x], z};
last[x] = gl;
}
int dis[N];
struct node
{
int dist, num;
bool operator < (node z)
const
{
return dist > z.dist;
}
};
priority_queue<node> q;
bool bj[N];
int main()
{
int n, m, s;
scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &m, &s);
for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
{
int x, y, z;
scanf("%d%d%d", &x, &y, &z);
add(x, y, z);
}
memset(dis, 127, sizeof(dis));
dis[s] = 0;
q.push((node){0, s});
while(!q.empty())
{
while(!q.empty() && bj[q.top().num])
q.pop();
if(q.empty()) break;
int u = q.top().num;
bj[u] = 1;
q.pop();
for(int i = last[u]; i; i = g[i].next)
{
int v = g[i].to;
if(dis[v] > dis[u]+g[i].w)
{
dis[v] = dis[u]+g[i].w;
q.push((node){dis[v], v});
}
}
}
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
printf("%d ", dis[i]);
printf("
");
return 0;
}
【模板】树链剖分
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
const int N = 1e5+10;
using namespace std;
inline void Swap(int &x, int &y){int z = x^y; y ^= z; x ^= z;return ;}
inline int gi(){int sum = 0, f = 1;char c = getchar();while(c!='-' && (c < '0' || c > '9'))c = getchar();if(c == '-') f = -1, c = getchar();while(c>='0' && c<='9') sum = sum*10+c-'0', c = getchar();return sum*f;}
int n, m, r, p, w[N];
struct tree
{
int to, next;
}g[N*2];
int last[N], gl;
inline void add(int x, int y){g[++gl] = (tree){y, last[x]};last[x] = gl;return;}
int dep[N], siz[N], top[N], id[N], cnt, son[N], fa[N], t[N];
void dfs1(int x, int f, int depth)
{
dep[x] = depth;
fa[x] = f;
siz[x] = 1;
int MAX = 0;
for(int i = last[x]; i; i = g[i].next)
{
int to = g[i].to;
if(to != f)
{
dfs1(to, x, depth+1);
siz[x] += siz[to];
if(siz[to] > MAX) MAX = siz[to], son[x] = to;
}
}
return ;
}
void dfs2(int x, int topf)
{
id[x] = ++cnt;
top[x] = topf;
t[cnt] = w[x];
if(!son[x]) return ;
dfs2(son[x], topf);
for(int i = last[x]; i; i = g[i].next)
{
int to = g[i].to;
if(to != fa[x] && to != son[x])
dfs2(to, to);
}
return ;
}
struct node
{
int v, lazy;
}st[N*4];
inline void pushdown(int l, int r, int rt)
{
if(st[rt].lazy)
{
int lazy = st[rt].lazy, mid = (l+r) >> 1, ls = rt<<1, rs = rt<<1|1;
st[rt].lazy = 0;
st[ls].lazy += lazy;
st[ls].lazy %= p;
st[ls].v += lazy*(mid-l+1);
st[ls].v %= p;
st[rs].lazy += lazy;
st[ls].lazy %= p;
st[rs].v += lazy*(r-mid);
st[rs].v %= p;
}
return ;
}
void build(int l, int r, int rt)
{
if(l == r)
{
st[rt].v = t[l]%p;
return ;
}
int mid = (l+r) >> 1;
build(l, mid, rt<<1);
build(mid+1, r, rt<<1|1);
st[rt].v = (st[rt<<1].v + st[rt<<1|1].v)%p;
return ;
}
void update(int l, int r, int L, int R, int rt, int k)
{
if(L <= l && r <= R)
{
st[rt].lazy += k;
st[rt].lazy %= p;
st[rt].v += k*(r-l+1);
st[rt].v %= p;
return ;
}
int mid = (l+r) >> 1;
pushdown(l, r, rt);
if(L <= mid)
update(l, mid, L, R, rt<<1, k);
if(R > mid)
update(mid+1, r, L, R, rt<<1|1, k);
st[rt].v = (st[rt<<1].v + st[rt<<1|1].v)%p;
return ;
}
int query(int l, int r, int L, int R, int rt)
{
if(L <= l && r <= R)
return st[rt].v;
int ans = 0, mid = (l+r) >> 1;
pushdown(l, r, rt);
if(L <= mid)
ans = query(l, mid, L, R, rt<<1);
if(R > mid)
ans += query(mid+1, r, L, R, rt<<1|1);
return ans%p;
}
inline void upway(int x, int y, int z)
{
z %= p;
while(top[x] != top[y])
{
if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) Swap(x, y);
update(1, n, id[top[x]], id[x], 1, z);
x = fa[top[x]];
}
if(dep[x] > dep[y]) Swap(x, y);
update(1, n, id[x], id[y], 1, z);
return ;
}
inline int qway(int x, int y)
{
int ans = 0;
while(top[x] != top[y])
{
if(dep[top[x]] < dep[top[y]]) Swap(x, y);
ans += query(1, n, id[top[x]], id[x], 1);
ans %= p;
x = fa[top[x]];
}
if(dep[x] > dep[y]) Swap(x, y);
ans += query(1, n, id[x], id[y], 1);
return ans%p;
}
inline void upsub(int x, int k)
{
update(1, n, id[x], id[x]+siz[x]-1, 1, k);
return ;
}
inline int qsub(int x)
{
return query(1, n, id[x], id[x]+siz[x]-1, 1);
}
int main()
{
n = gi(); m = gi(); r = gi(); p = gi();
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) w[i] = gi()%p;
for(int i = 1; i < n; i++)
{
int x = gi(), y = gi();
add(x, y); add(y, x);
}
dfs1(r, 0, 1);
dfs2(r, r);
build(1, n, 1);
for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
{
int k = gi();
if(k == 1)
{
int x = gi(), y = gi(), z = gi();
upway(x, y, z);
}
else
if(k == 2)
{
int x = gi(), y = gi();
printf("%d
", qway(x, y));
}
else
if(k == 3)
{
int x = gi(), y = gi();
upsub(x, y);
}
else
{
int x = gi();
printf("%d
", qsub(x));
}
}
return 0;
}
Splay模板
文艺平衡树
// luogu-judger-enable-o2
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 100010;
struct Splay {
int v, ch[2], f, s;
bool o;
}t[N];
void up(int x) {
t[x].s = t[t[x].ch[0]].s + t[t[x].ch[1]].s + 1;
}
inline void rotate(int x) {
int y = t[x].f, z = t[y].f, k = (t[y].ch[1] == x);
t[z].ch[(t[z].ch[1]==y)] = x; t[x].f = z;
t[y].ch[k] = t[x].ch[k^1]; t[t[x].ch[k^1]].f = y;
t[x].ch[k^1] = y; t[y].f = x;
up(y);
return ;
}
int rt;
inline void pushdown(int x) {
if (t[x].o) {
swap(t[x].ch[0], t[x].ch[1]);
t[x].o = 0;
t[t[x].ch[0]].o ^= 1;
t[t[x].ch[1]].o ^= 1;
}
return ;
}
inline int K(int z) {
int x = rt;
while (1) {
pushdown(x);
int l = t[x].ch[0];
if (t[l].s+1 < z) {
x = t[x].ch[1];
z -= (t[l].s+1);
}
else {
if (t[l].s >= z)
x = l;
else return x;
}
}
}
inline void splay(int x, int goal) {
while (t[x].f != goal) {
int y = t[x].f, z = t[y].f;
if (z != goal)
(t[z].ch[1] == y) == (t[y].ch[1] == x) ? rotate(y) : rotate(x);
rotate(x);
}
up(x);
if (!goal) rt = x;
return ;
}
int cnt;
void insert(int k) {
int x = rt, f = 0;
while (x)
f = x, x = t[x].ch[(t[x].v < k)];
t[++cnt].f = f; t[cnt].v = k;
t[f].ch[t[f].v < k] = cnt;
splay(cnt, 0);
return ;
}
void reverse(int L, int R) {
int l = K(L), r = K(R+2);
splay(l, 0); splay(r, l);
t[t[t[rt].ch[1]].ch[0]].o ^= 1;
return ;
}
int n;
void write(int x) {
pushdown(x);
if (t[x].ch[0]) write(t[x].ch[0]);
if (t[x].v > 1 && t[x].v < n+2) printf("%d ", t[x].v-1);
if (t[x].ch[1]) write(t[x].ch[1]);
return ;
}
int main() {
int m;
scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
for (int i = 1; i <= n+2; i++) insert(i);
for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
int l, r;
scanf("%d%d", &l, &r);
reverse(l, r);
}
write(rt);
return 0;
}
平衡树
// luogu-judger-enable-o2
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define N 500010
const int INF = 2147483647;
using namespace std;
inline int gi() {
register int x=0,t=1;
char ch=getchar();
while((ch<'0'||ch>'9')&&ch!='-')ch=getchar();
if(ch=='-'){t=-1;ch=getchar();}
while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9'){x=x*10+ch-48;ch=getchar();}
return x*t;
}
int r, tot;
struct node {
int ch[2], f, cnt, v, s;
}t[N];
inline void up(int x) {
t[x].s = t[t[x].ch[0]].s + t[t[x].ch[1]].s + t[x].cnt;
return ;
}
inline void rotate(int x) {
int y = t[x].f; int z = t[y].f, k = (t[y].ch[1] == x);
t[z].ch[t[z].ch[1] == y] = x; t[x].f = z;
t[y].ch[k] = t[x].ch[k^1]; t[t[x].ch[k^1]].f = y;
t[x].ch[k^1] = y; t[y].f = x;
up(y);
return ;
}
void splay(int x, int goal) {
while (t[x].f != goal) {
int y = t[x].f; int z = t[y].f;
if (z != goal)
if ((t[y].ch[1] == x) == (t[z].ch[1] == y)) rotate(x); else rotate(y);
rotate(x);
}
up(x);
if (!goal) r = x;
return ;
}
void insert(int x) {
int rt = r, f = 0;
while (rt && t[rt].v != x) {
f = rt;
rt = t[rt].ch[t[rt].v<x];
}
if (rt)
t[rt].cnt++;
else {
rt = ++tot;
if (f)
t[f].ch[t[f].v<x] = rt;
t[rt].v = x;
t[rt].f = f;
t[rt].s = t[rt].cnt = 1;
}
splay(rt, 0);
return ;
}
void find(int x) {
int rt = r;
while (t[rt].v != x && t[rt].ch[t[rt].v<x]) rt = t[rt].ch[t[rt].v<x];
splay(rt, 0);
return ;
}
int Next(int x, int bj) {
find(x);
int rt = r;
if ((bj && t[rt].v > x) || (!bj && t[rt].v < x)) return rt;
rt = t[rt].ch[bj];
bj ^= 1;
while (t[rt].ch[bj]) rt = t[rt].ch[bj];
return rt;
}
void del(int x) {
int a = Next(x, 0), b = Next(x, 1);
splay(a, 0); splay(b, a);
int c = t[b].ch[0];
if (t[c].cnt > 1) {
t[c].cnt--;
splay(c, 0);
}
else t[b].ch[0] = 0;
return ;
}
int K(int x) {
int rt = r;
while (1) {
int l = t[rt].ch[0];
if (t[l].s + t[rt].cnt < x) {
x -= (t[rt].cnt + t[l].s);
rt = t[rt].ch[1];
}
else
if (t[l].s >= x)
rt = l;
else return t[rt].v;
}
}
int main() {
insert(INF); insert(-INF);
int T = gi();
while (T--) {
int k = gi();
if (k == 1) insert(gi());
else if (k == 2) del(gi());
else if (k == 3) {
find(gi());
printf("%d
", t[t[r].ch[0]].s);
}
else if (k == 4)
printf("%d
", K(gi()+1));
else if (k == 5) printf("%d
", t[Next(gi(), 0)].v);
else printf("%d
", t[Next(gi(), 1)].v);
}
return 0;
}
KMP模板
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
inline int gi() {
char ch=getchar(); int x=0,q=0;
while(ch<'0'||ch>'9') q=ch=='-'?1:q,ch=getchar();
while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9') x=x*10+ch-'0',ch=getchar();
return q?-x:x;
}
const int N = 1000010;
char s1[N], s2[N];
int l1, l2, nxt[N];
void kmp() {
int j = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= l1; i++) {
while (j && s1[i-1] != s2[j]) j = nxt[j];
if (s1[i-1] == s2[j]) j++;
if (j == l2)
printf("%d
", i-l2+1), j = nxt[j];
}
return ;
}
int main() {
cin>>s1>>s2;
l1 = strlen(s1); l2 = strlen(s2);
nxt[1] = 0;
for (int i = 2; i <= l2; i++) {
int j = nxt[i-1];
while (j && s2[i-1] != s2[j])
j = nxt[j];
if (s2[i-1] == s2[j]) j++;
nxt[i] = j;
}
kmp();
for (int i = 1; i <= l2; i++)
printf("%d ", nxt[i]);
printf("
");
return 0;
}
二分图匹配(匈牙利算法)模板
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
inline int gi() {
int f = 1, s = 0;
char c = getchar();
while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar();
if (c == '-') f = -1, c = getchar();
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') s = s*10+c-'0', c = getchar();
return f == 1 ? s : -s;
}
const int N = 1000010;
struct node {
int to, next;
}g[N];
int match[1010], gl, last[1010], used[1010];
inline int pp(int x) {
for (int i = last[x]; i; i = g[i].next) {
int v = g[i].to;
if (used[v]) continue;
used[v] = 1;
if (!match[v] || pp(match[v])) {
match[v] = x;
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
void add(int x, int y) {
g[++gl] = (node) {y, last[x]};
last[x] = gl;
}
int main() {
int n = gi(), m = gi(), e = gi();
for (int i = 1; i <= e; i++) {
int x = gi(), y = gi();
if (x <= n && y <= m) add(x, y);
}
int ans = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
memset(used, 0, sizeof(used));
ans += pp(i);
}
printf("%d
", ans);
return 0;
}
求区间第K大(主席树模板)
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
inline int gi() {
int f = 1, s = 0;
char c = getchar();
while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar();
if (c == '-') f = -1, c = getchar();
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') s = s*10+c-'0', c = getchar();
return f == 1 ? s : -s;
}
const int N = 200010;
struct node {
int v, id;
bool operator < (node z) const {
return v < z.v;
}
}a[N];
int b[N], cnt;
struct tree {
int lc, rc, v;
}t[N*20];
int root[N], ans[N];
void update(int l, int r, int pos, int &now) {
t[++cnt] = t[now];
now = cnt;
t[now].v++;
if (l == r) return ;
int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
if (pos <= mid)
update(l, mid, pos, t[now].lc);
else update(mid+1, r, pos, t[now].rc);
return ;
}
int query(int l, int r, int rt1, int rt2, int k) {
if (l == r) return l;
int s = t[t[rt2].lc].v - t[t[rt1].lc].v, mid = (l + r) >> 1;
if (s >= k)
return query(l, mid, t[rt1].lc, t[rt2].lc, k);
else return query(mid+1, r, t[rt1].rc, t[rt2].rc, k - s);
}
int main() {
int n = gi(), m = gi();
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
a[i].v = gi(); a[i].id = i;
}
sort(a+1, a+1+n);
int v = 1;
b[a[1].id] = v; ans[v] = a[1].v;
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
if (a[i].v != a[i-1].v) v++;
b[a[i].id] = v; ans[v] = a[i].v;
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
root[i] = root[i-1];
update(1, n, b[i], root[i]);
}
while (m--) {
int l = gi(), r = gi(), k = gi();
printf("%d
", ans[query(1, n, root[l-1], root[r], k)]);
}
return 0;
}
【模板】三维偏序（陌上花开）
//cdq套cdq
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 100010;
struct node {
int a, b, c, id;
bool flag;
bool operator < (node z) const {
return a < z.a || (a == z.a && b < z.b) || (a == z.a && b == z.b && c < z.c);
}
}s[N], b[N], c[N];
int ans[N], d[N];
void merge2(int l, int r) {
if (l == r) return;
int mid = (l + r) >> 1, cnt = 0;//cnt记前面和当前点满足条件的个数
merge2(l, mid); merge2(mid+1, r);
for (int i = l, j = mid+1, k = l; k <= r; k++) {
if ((j > r || b[j].c >= b[i].c) && i <= mid) {
c[k] = b[i++];
cnt += c[k].flag;//是前半部分的点就+1
}
else {
c[k] = b[j++];
if (!c[k].flag) ans[c[k].id] += cnt;//在后半部分表明当前点的b大于前半部分的任意一个点的b
}
}
for (int i = l; i <= r; i++)
b[i] = c[i];
return ;
}
void merge(int l, int r) {
if (l == r) return ;
int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
merge(l, mid); merge(mid+1, r);
for (int i = l, j = mid+1, k = l; k <= r; k++) {
if ((j > r || s[j].b >= s[i].b) && i <= mid) {
b[k] = s[i++];
b[k].flag = 1;//当前点为前半部分
}
else {
b[k] = s[j++];
b[k].flag = 0;
}
}
for (int i = l; i <= r; i++) s[i] = b[i];
merge2(l, r);
return ;
}
int main() {
int n, k;
scanf("%d%d", &n, &k);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
scanf("%d%d%d", &s[i].a, &s[i].b, &s[i].c);
s[i].id = i;
}
sort(s+1, s+1+n);
for (int i = n-1; i >= 1; i--)
if (s[i].a == s[i+1].a && s[i].b == s[i+1].b && s[i].c == s[i+1].c) ans[s[i].id] = ans[s[i+1].id]+1;//对于完全相等的,i > j 的点对在cdq分治中已经求了,所以只用求 i < j 的点对个数
merge(1, n);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) d[ans[i]]++;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d
", d[i]);
return 0;
}
//cdq+树状数组
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 100010;
struct node {
int a, b, c, cnt, id;
bool operator <(const node &z) const {
return a < z.a || (a == z.a && b < z.b) || (a == z.a && b == z.b && c < z.c);
}
}s[N], tmp[N];
int t[200010], n, k;
#define lowbit(x) (x&(-x))
void add(int x, int z) {
while (x <= k) {
t[x] += z;
x += lowbit(x);
}
return ;
}
int sum(int x) {
int sm = 0;
while (x) {
sm += t[x];
x -= lowbit(x);
}
return sm;
}
int ans[N], cnt[N];
void cdq(int l, int r) {
if (l == r) return ;
int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
cdq(l, mid); cdq(mid+1, r);
for (int i = l, j = mid+1, k = l; k <= r; k++) {
if (i <= mid && (j > r || s[i].b <= s[j].b)) {
add(s[i].c, s[i].cnt);
tmp[k] = s[i++];
}
else {
ans[s[j].id] += sum(s[j].c);
tmp[k] = s[j++];
}
}
for (int i = l; i <= mid; i++) add(s[i].c, -s[i].cnt);
for (int i = l; i <= r; i++) s[i] = tmp[i];
return ;
}
int main() {
scanf("%d%d", &n, &k);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) scanf("%d%d%d", &s[i].a, &s[i].b, &s[i].c), s[i].id = i;
sort(s+1, s+1+n);
int z = 1, num = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
int z = i;
while (s[z].a == s[z+1].a && s[z].b == s[z+1].b && s[z].c == s[z+1].c)
z++;
s[i].cnt = z-i+1;
s[++num] = s[i];
i = z;
}
cdq(1, num);
for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) cnt[ans[s[i].id]+s[i].cnt-1]+=s[i].cnt;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d
", cnt[i]);
return 0;
}
Link-cut tree模板
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
#define RG register
const int N = 300010;
using namespace std;
inline int gi() {
RG int x = 0; RG char c = getchar(); bool f = 0;
while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar();
if (c == '-') c = getchar(), f = 1;
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x*10+c-'0', c = getchar();
return f ? -x : x;
}
struct node {
int v, s, fa, ch[2];
bool rev;
}t[N];
int S[N], top;
void putrev(int x) {
swap(t[x].ch[0], t[x].ch[1]);
t[x].rev ^= 1;
return ;
}
#define pushup(x) (t[x].s = (t[x].v^t[t[x].ch[0]].s^t[t[x].ch[1]].s))
void pushdown(int x) {
if (t[x].rev) {
if (t[x].ch[0]) putrev(t[x].ch[0]);
if (t[x].ch[1]) putrev(t[x].ch[1]);
t[x].rev = 0;
}
return ;
}
#define get(x) (t[t[x].fa].ch[1]==x)
bool isroot(int x) {
return (t[t[x].fa].ch[0] != x) && (t[t[x].fa].ch[1] != x);
}
void rotate(int x) {
int k = get(x), y = t[x].fa, z = t[y].fa;
if (!isroot(y)) t[z].ch[get(y)] = x;
t[x].fa = z;
t[t[x].ch[k^1]].fa = y, t[y].ch[k] = t[x].ch[k^1];
t[y].fa = x, t[x].ch[k^1] = y;
pushup(y);
return ;
}
void splay(int x) {
S[top = 1] = x;
for (RG int i = x; !isroot(i); i = t[i].fa) S[++top] = t[i].fa;
for (RG int i = top; i; i--) pushdown(S[i]);
while (!isroot(x)) {
int y = t[x].fa;
if (!isroot(y))
(get(x) ^ get(y)) ? rotate(x) : rotate(y);
rotate(x);
}
pushup(x);
return ;
}
void access(int x) {
for (int y = 0; x; y = x, x = t[x].fa)
splay(x), t[x].ch[1] = y, pushup(x);
return ;
}
void makeroot(int x) {
access(x); splay(x);putrev(x);
return ;
}
inline int findroot(int x) {
access(x); splay(x);
while (t[x].ch[0]) pushdown(x), x = t[x].ch[0];
return x;
}
void link(int x, int y) {
makeroot(x);
if (findroot(y) == x) return ;
t[x].fa = y;
return ;
}
void split(int x, int y) {
makeroot(x), access(y), splay(y);
return ;
}
void cut(int x, int y) {
makeroot(x);
if (findroot(y) == x && t[x].fa == y && !t[x].ch[1])
t[x].fa = t[y].ch[0] = 0, pushup(y);
return ;
}
int main() {
int n = gi(), T = gi();
for (RG int i = 1; i <= n; i++) t[i].v = gi();
while (T--) {
int op = gi(), x = gi(), y = gi();
if (!op) {
split(x, y);
printf("%d
", t[y].s);
}
else if (op == 1) link(x, y);
else if (op == 2) cut(x, y);
else {
access(x); splay(x); t[x].v = y; pushup(x);
}
}
return 0;
}
左偏树模板
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
#define RG register
using namespace std;
inline int gi() {
RG int x = 0; RG char c = getchar(); bool f = 0;
while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar();
if (c == '-') c = getchar(), f = 1;
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x*10+c-'0', c = getchar();
return f ? -x : x;
}
const int N = 100010;
int fa[N], ch[N][2], a[N], dis[N];
inline int merge(int x, int y) {
if (!x || !y) return x+y;
if (a[x] > a[y] || (a[x] == a[y] && x > y))
swap(x, y);
ch[x][1] = merge(ch[x][1], y);
fa[ch[x][1]] = x;
if (dis[ch[x][1]] > dis[ch[x][0]]) swap(ch[x][1], ch[x][0]);
dis[x] = dis[ch[x][1]]+1;
return x;
}
inline int get(int x) {
while (fa[x]) x = fa[x];
return x;
}
bool flag[N];
inline void del(int x) {
x = get(x);
printf("%d
", a[x]);
flag[x] = 1;
fa[ch[x][0]] = fa[ch[x][1]] = 0;
merge(ch[x][0], ch[x][1]);
}
int main() {
//freopen(".in", "r", stdin);
//freopen(".out", "w", stdout);
int n = gi(), m = gi();
dis[0] = -1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) a[i] = gi();
while (m--) {
int opt = gi();
if (opt == 1) {
int x = gi(), y = gi();
if (flag[x] || flag[y]) continue;
x = get(x); y = get(y);
if (x == y) continue;
merge(x, y);
}
else {
int x = gi();
if (flag[x]) printf("-1
");
else del(x);
}
}
return 0;
}
【模板】杜教筛（Sum）
(g(1)S(n)=sum_{i=1}^{n}(f*g)(i)-sum_{i=2}^{n}g(i)S(lfloor frac{n}{i} floor))
其中(g = f*1)
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
#define RG register
using namespace std;
inline int gi() {
RG int x = 0; RG char c = getchar(); bool f = 0;
while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar();
if (c == '-') c = getchar(), f = 1;
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x*10+c-'0', c = getchar();
return f ? -x : x;
}
const int N = 6000000;
int p[N], tot;
LL phi[N+1], mu[N+1];
bool zs[N+1];
void init() {
mu[1] = 1; phi[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i <= N; i++) {
if (!zs[i]) {
p[++tot] = i;
mu[i] = -1;
phi[i] = i-1;
}
for (int j = 1; j <= tot && p[j]*i <= N; j++) {
zs[p[j]*i] = 1;
if (!(i%p[j])) {
phi[i*p[j]] = phi[i]*p[j];
break;
}
mu[i*p[j]] = -mu[i];
phi[i*p[j]] = phi[i]*(p[j]-1);
}
}
for (int i = 2; i <= N; i++)
mu[i] += mu[i-1], phi[i] += phi[i-1];
return ;
}
map<LL, LL> M1, M2;
LL getphi(int x) {
if (x <= N) return phi[x];
if (M1[x]) return M1[x];
LL S = (x+1)*1ll*x/2;
for (int l = 2, r; l <= x; l = r+1) {
r = (x/(x/l));
S -= getphi(x/l)*(r-l+1);
}
return M1[x] = S;
}
LL getmu(int x) {
if (x <= N) return mu[x];
if (M2[x]) return M2[x];
LL S = 1;
for (int l = 2, r; l <= x; l = r+1) {
r = (x/(x/l));
S -= getmu(x/l)*(r-l+1);
}
return M2[x] = S;
}
int main() {
//freopen(".in", "r", stdin);
//freopen(".out", "w", stdout);
int t = gi();
init();
while (t--) {
int n = gi();
printf("%lld %lld
", getphi(n), getmu(n));
}
return 0;
}
【模板】扩展中国剩余定理（EXCRT）
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 1e5 + 10;
#define int __int128
#define RG register
template<class T> inline void read(T &x) {
x = 0; RG char c = getchar(); bool f = 0;
while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar(); if (c == '-') c = getchar(), f = 1;
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x*10+c-48, c = getchar();
x = f ? -x : x;
return ;
}
template<class T> inline void write(T x) {
if (!x) {putchar(48);return ;}
if (x < 0) x = -x, putchar('-');
int len = -1, z[20]; while (x > 0) z[++len] = x%10, x /= 10;
for (RG int i = len; i >= 0; i--) putchar(z[i]+48);return ;
}
int n, A1, B1, A2, B2, k1, k2, d;
void exgcd(int a, int b, int &x, int &y, int &d) {
if (!b) return (void) (x = 1, y = 0, d = a);
exgcd(b, a % b, y, x, d); y -= a / b * x;
}
main() {
freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
read(n), read(B1), read(A1);
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
read(B2); read(A2);
exgcd(B1, B2, k1, k2, d);
B1 *= B2 / d; k2 = -k2;
k2 *= (A2 - A1) / d;
k2 = (k2 % B1 + B1) % B1;
A1 = (k2 % B1 * B2 % B1 + A2) % B1;
}
write(A1);
return 0;
}
【模板】扩展卢卡斯
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
#define RG register
LL ksm(LL x, LL y, LL M) {
LL s = 1;
while (y) {
if (y&1) s = s*x%M;
x = x*x%M;
y >>= 1;
}
return s;
}
using namespace std;
template<class T> inline void read(T &x) {
x = 0; RG char c = getchar(); bool f = 0;
while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar(); if (c == '-') c = getchar(), f = 1;
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x*10+c-48, c = getchar();
x = f ? -x : x;
return ;
}
template<class T> inline void write(T x) {
if (!x) {putchar(48);return ;}
if (x < 0) x = -x, putchar('-');
int len = -1, z[20]; while (x > 0) z[++len] = x%10, x /= 10;
for (RG int i = len; i >= 0; i--) putchar(z[i]+48);return ;
}
void exgcd(LL a, LL b, LL &x, LL &y) {
if (!b) {x = 1, y = 0; return ;}
exgcd(b, a%b, y, x);
y -= a/b*x;
return ;
}
LL inv(LL a, LL M) {
if (!a) return 0;
LL x, y; exgcd(a, M, x, y);
if (x < 0) x += M;
x %= M;
return x;
}
LL calc(LL n, LL pi, LL pk) {
if (!n) return 1;
LL ans = 1;
for (LL i = 2; i <= pk; i++)
if (i%pi) ans = ans*i%pk;
ans = ksm(ans, n/pk, pk);
for (LL i = 2; i <= n%pk; i++)
if (i%pi) ans = ans*i%pk;
return ans*calc(n/pi, pi, pk)%pk;
}
LL C(LL n, LL m, LL Mod, LL pi, LL pk) {
if (m > n) return 0;
LL a = calc(n, pi, pk), b = calc(m, pi, pk), c = calc(n-m, pi, pk), k = 0;
for (LL i = n; i; i /= pi) k += i/pi;
for (LL i = m; i; i /= pi) k -= i/pi;
for (LL i = n-m; i; i /= pi) k-= i/pi;
return a*inv(b, pk)%pk*inv(c, pk)%pk*ksm(pi, k, pk)%pk;
}
LL lucas(LL n, LL m, LL Mod) {
LL ans = 0, x = Mod;
for (LL i = 2; i <= x; i++)
if (!(x%i)) {
LL pk = 1;
while (!(x%i)) pk *= i, x /= i;
ans = (ans+C(n, m, Mod, i, pk)*(Mod/pk)%Mod*inv(Mod/pk, pk)) % Mod;
}
return ans;
}
int main() {
//freopen(".in", "r", stdin);
//freopen(".out", "w", stdout);
LL n, m, Mod;
read(n); read(m); read(Mod);
write(lucas(n, m, Mod));
return 0;
}
【模板】网络最大流（Dinic+当前弧优化）
// luogu-judger-enable-o2
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
#define RG register
using namespace std;
template<class T> inline void read(T &x) {
x = 0; RG char c = getchar(); bool f = 0;
while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar(); if (c == '-') c = getchar(), f = 1;
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x*10+c-48, c = getchar();
x = f ? -x : x;
return ;
}
template<class T> inline void write(T x) {
if (!x) {putchar(48);return ;}
if (x < 0) x = -x, putchar('-');
int len = -1, z[20]; while (x > 0) z[++len] = x%10, x /= 10;
for (RG int i = len; i >= 0; i--) putchar(z[i]+48);return ;
}
const int M = 200010, N = 10010, inf = 2147483647;
int n, m, s, t;
struct node {
int to, nxt, w;
}g[M];
int last[N], gl = 1, cur[N];
void add(int x, int y, int z) {
g[++gl] = (node) {y, last[x], z};
last[x] = gl;
}
queue<int> q;
int dep[N];
bool bfs() {
q.push(s);
memset(dep, 0, sizeof(dep));
dep[s] = 1;
while (!q.empty()) {
int u = q.front(); q.pop();
for (int i = last[u]; i; i = g[i].nxt) {
int v = g[i].to;
if (g[i].w && !dep[v])
dep[v] = dep[u]+1, q.push(v);
}
}
return dep[t] ? 1 : 0;
}
int dfs(int u, int d) {
if (u == t) return d;
for (int &i = cur[u]; i; i = g[i].nxt) {
int v = g[i].to;
if (dep[v] == dep[u]+1 && g[i].w) {
int di = dfs(v, min(d, g[i].w));
if (di) {
g[i].w -= di;
g[i^1].w += di;
return di;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
int main() {
read(n); read(m); read(s); read(t);
for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
int u, v, w; read(u); read(v); read(w);
add(u, v, w); add(v, u, 0);
}
int ans = 0;
while (bfs()) {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
cur[i] = last[i];
while (int d = dfs(s, inf))
ans += d;
}
printf("%d
", ans);
return 0;
}
【模板】最小费用最大流
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
#define RG register
using namespace std;
template<class T> inline void read(T &x) {
x = 0; RG char c = getchar(); bool f = 0;
while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar(); if (c == '-') c = getchar(), f = 1;
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x*10+c-48, c = getchar();
x = f ? -x : x;
return ;
}
template<class T> inline void write(T x) {
if (!x) {putchar(48);return ;}
if (x < 0) x = -x, putchar('-');
int len = -1, z[20]; while (x > 0) z[++len] = x%10, x /= 10;
for (RG int i = len; i >= 0; i--) putchar(z[i]+48);return ;
}
const int N = 5010, M = 100010, inf = 2147483647;
int n, m, s, t;
struct node {
int to, nxt, w, v;
}g[M];
int last[N], gl = 1;
void add(int x, int y, int w, int v) {
g[++gl] = (node) {y, last[x], w, v};
last[x] = gl;
}
int pre[N], from[N], dis[N];
bool vis[N];
queue<int> q;
bool spfa() {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) dis[i] = inf;
memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));
q.push(s);
dis[s] = 0;
while (!q.empty()) {
int u = q.front(); q.pop();
vis[u] = 0;
for (int i = last[u]; i; i = g[i].nxt) {
int v = g[i].to;
if (g[i].w && dis[v] > dis[u]+g[i].v) {
dis[v] = dis[u]+g[i].v;
from[v] = i; pre[v] = u;
if (!vis[v]) {
vis[v] = 1;
q.push(v);
}
}
}
}
return !(dis[t] == inf);
}
int main() {
read(n); read(m); read(s); read(t);
for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
int u, v, w, va; read(u), read(v), read(w), read(va);
add(u, v, w, va), add(v, u, 0, -va);
}
int flow = 0, cost = 0;
while (spfa()) {
int di = inf;
for (int i = t; i != s; i = pre[i])
di = min(di, g[from[i]].w);
flow += di; cost += di*dis[t];
for (int i = t; i != s; i = pre[i])
g[from[i]].w -= di, g[from[i]^1].w += di;
}
printf("%d %d
", flow, cost);
return 0;
}
AC自动机
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
#define RG register
using namespace std;
template<class T> inline void read(T &x) {
x = 0; RG char c = getchar(); bool f = 0;
while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar(); if (c == '-') c = getchar(), f = 1;
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x*10+c-48, c = getchar();
x = f ? -x : x;
return ;
}
template<class T> inline void write(T x) {
if (!x) {putchar(48);return ;}
if (x < 0) x = -x, putchar('-');
int len = -1, z[20]; while (x > 0) z[++len] = x%10, x /= 10;
for (RG int i = len; i >= 0; i--) putchar(z[i]+48);return ;
}
struct Tree {
int fail, end;
int s[26];
}t[1000000];
int cnt = 0;
char s[1000010];
void insert() {
int len = strlen(s), now = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (!t[now].s[s[i]-'a'])
t[now].s[s[i]-'a'] = ++cnt;
now = t[now].s[s[i]-'a'];
}
t[now].end++;
return ;
}
queue<int> q;
void get_fail() {
for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++)
if (t[0].s[i]) {
t[t[0].s[i]].fail = 0;
q.push(t[0].s[i]);
}
while (!q.empty()) {
int x = q.front(); q.pop();
for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++)
if (t[x].s[i]) {
t[t[x].s[i]].fail = t[t[x].fail].s[i];
q.push(t[x].s[i]);
}
else t[x].s[i] = t[t[x].fail].s[i];
}
}
int query() {
int len = strlen(s), now = 0, ans = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
now = t[now].s[s[i]-'a'];
for (int j = now; j && t[j].end != -1; j = t[j].fail) {
ans += t[j].end;
t[j].end = -1;
}
}
return ans;
}
int main() {
int n;
read(n);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
scanf("%s", s);
insert();
}
get_fail();
scanf("%s", s);
write(query());
return 0;
}
Miller_Rabin(检测素数)
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
#define RG register
using namespace std;
template<class T> inline void read(T &x) {
x = 0; RG char c = getchar(); bool f = 0;
while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar(); if (c == '-') c = getchar(), f = 1;
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x*10+c-48, c = getchar();
x = f ? -x : x;
return ;
}
template<class T> inline void write(T x) {
if (!x) {putchar(48);return ;}
if (x < 0) x = -x, putchar('-');
int len = -1, z[20]; while (x > 0) z[++len] = x%10, x /= 10;
for (RG int i = len; i >= 0; i--) putchar(z[i]+48);return ;
}
LL P[]= {2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19};
LL fpow(LL a, LL b, LL Mod) {
LL res = 1;
for (; b; b >>= 1, a = a * a % Mod) if (b & 1) res = res * a % Mod;
return res;
}
bool MillerRabin(LL a, LL p) {
LL t = p - 1;
int k = 0;
while (t % 2 == 0) t >>= 1, k++;
LL now = fpow(a, t, p), lst = now;
for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) {
now = now * now % p;
if (now == 1) {
if (lst != p - 1 && lst != 1) return 0;
return 1;
}
lst = now;
}
return 0;
}
bool prime(LL p) {
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) if (P[i] == p) return 1;
if (p < 2 || ((p & 1) == 0)) return 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) if (!MillerRabin(P[i], p)) return 0;
return 1;
}
int main() {
int n, m;
read(n), read(m);
while (m--) {
LL x;
read(x);
puts(prime(x) ? "Yes" : "No");
}
return 0;
}
Pollard-Rho算法
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
#define RG register
using namespace std;
template<class T> inline void read(T &x) {
x = 0; RG char c = getchar(); bool f = 0;
while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) c = getchar(); if (c == '-') c = getchar(), f = 1;
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x*10+c-48, c = getchar();
x = f ? -x : x;
return ;
}
template<class T> inline void write(T x) {
if (!x) {putchar(48);return ;}
if (x < 0) x = -x, putchar('-');
int len = -1, z[20]; while (x > 0) z[++len] = x%10, x /= 10;
for (RG int i = len; i >= 0; i--) putchar(z[i]+48);return ;
}
inline LL mul(LL x, LL y, LL mod) {
return (__int128) x * y % mod;
}
int P[] = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19};
LL fpow(LL a, LL b, LL c) {
LL res = 1;
for (; b; b >>= 1, a = mul(a, a, c)) if (b & 1) res = mul(res, a, c);
return res;
}
bool MillerRabin(LL a, LL p) {
LL x = p - 1;
int k = 0;
while (x % 2 == 0) x >>= 1, k++;
LL now = fpow(a, x, p), lst = now;
for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) {
now = mul(now, now, p);
if (now == 1) {
if (lst == 1 || lst == p - 1) return 1;
return 0;
}
lst = now;
}
return 0;
}
bool prime(LL n) {
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) if (n == P[i]) return 1;
if (n < 2 || !(n & 1)) return 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) if (!MillerRabin(P[i], n)) return 0;
return 1;
}
LL ans;
LL gcd(LL x, LL y) {
return !y ? x : gcd(y, x % y);
}
LL f(LL x, LL c, LL n) {
return (mul(x, x, n) + c) % n;
}
LL make(LL n) {
LL lst = 0, now = 0, c = 1ll * rand() % (n - 1) + 1;
for (int k = 1; ; k <<= 1) {
LL S = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) {
now = f(now, c, n);
S = mul(S, abs(now - lst), n);
if (S % 127 == 0) {
LL d = gcd(S, n);
if (d > 1) return d;
}
}
LL d = gcd(S, n);
if (d > 1) return d;
lst = now;
}
}
void PollardRho(LL x) {
if (x <= ans) return ;
if (prime(x)) {
ans = max(ans, x);
return ;
}
LL p = x;
while (p == x) p = make(x);
while (x % p == 0) x /= p;
PollardRho(x); PollardRho(p);
}
int main() {
int T;
read(T);
srand(time(NULL));
while(T--) {
LL n; ans = 1;
read(n);
PollardRho(n);
if (ans == n) puts("Prime");
else printf("%lld
", ans);
}
return 0;
}
BSGS
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cmath>
#include<map>
using namespace std;
#define LL long long
map<int, int> M;
int BSGS(int a, int b, int p) {
if (b == 1 && a) return 0;
M.clear(); int m = ceil(sqrt(p));
LL t = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++, t = t * a % p) M[t * b % p] = i;
for (int i = 1, s = t; i <= m + 1; i++, s = t * s % p) {
map<int, int> :: iterator it = M.find(s);
if (it == M.end()) continue;
return m * i - (it->second);
}
return -1;
}
int main() {
int a, b, p;
while (scanf("%d%d%d", &p, &a, &b) != EOF) {
int ans = BSGS(a, b, p);
if (ans == -1) puts("no solution");
else printf("%d
", ans);
}
return 0;
}
EXBSGS
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define LL long long
const int Mod = 1e5 + 7;
int gcd(int x, int y) {
return !y ? x : gcd(y, x % y);
}
struct Hash {
struct node {
int a, b, nxt;
} A[1000010];
int lst[Mod], tot;
void clear() { memset(lst, 0, sizeof(lst)); tot = 0; }
void add(int a, int b, int S) {
A[++tot] = (node) {a, b, lst[S]};
lst[S] = tot;
}
void insert(int a, int b) { add(a, b, a % Mod); }
int find(int x) {
for (int i = lst[x % Mod]; i; i = A[i].nxt)
if (A[i].a == x) return A[i].b;
return -1;
}
} M;
int exBSGS(int a, int b, int p) {
if (b == 1 && a) return 0;
int d, k = 0, s = 1;
while ((d = gcd(a, p)) > 1) {
if (b % d) { return -1; }
b /= d; p /= d; k++; s = 1ll * s * a / d % p;
if (s == b) { return k; }
}
M.clear(); int m = ceil(sqrt(p));
LL t = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++, t = t * a % p) M.insert(t * b % p, i);
s = t * s % p;
for (int i = 1; i <= m + 1; i++, s = t * s % p) {
int it = M.find(s); if (it == -1) continue;
return m * i - it + k;
}
return -1;
}
int main() {
int a, b, p;
while (scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &p, &b) != EOF) {
if (!a && !b && !p) return 0;
int ans = exBSGS(a, b, p);
if (ans == -1) puts("No Solution");
else printf("%d
", ans);
}
return 0;
}